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Córdova-de la Cruz SE, Martínez-Bautista G, Peña-Marín ES, Martínez-García R, Núñez-Nogueira G, Adams RH, Burggren WW, Alvarez-González CA. Morphological and cardiac alterations after crude oil exposure in the early-life stages of the tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22281-22292. [PMID: 34783950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fish development can be affected by environmental pollutants such as crude oil (anthropogenic or natural sources), causing alterations especially in cardiac function and morphology. Most such studies have focused on saltwater species, whereas studies in freshwater fishes are scant. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of crude oil exposure (as 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% high-energy water accommodated fractions, HEWAF) on cardiac function and edema formation during two early periods of development (embryo and eleuteroembryo, 48 h each) individually using the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus as a model. Embryos did not exhibit alterations in body mass, total length, condition factor, and cardiac function as a function of oil. In contrast, eleuteroembryos proved to be more sensitive and exhibited increased body mass, total length, and condition factor, decreased heart rate and phenotypic alterations such as cardiac dysmorphia (tubular hearts) and spine curvature at high concentrations of HEWAF. Moreover, edema formation was observed in both stages This study shows different functional responses of A. tropicus after crude oil exposure and provides useful information of the developmental impacts of these compounds on the early life stages of freshwater tropical fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrith E Córdova-de la Cruz
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Gil Martínez-Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biology, University of North, Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Emyr S Peña-Marín
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT-UJAT, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rafael Martínez-García
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Randy H Adams
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biology, University of North, Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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2
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Philibert DA, Lyons DD, Tierney KB. Comparing the effects of unconventional and conventional crude oil exposures on zebrafish and their progeny using behavioral and genetic markers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144745. [PMID: 33736363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diluted bitumen, also known as dilbit, is transported by rail and pipeline across Canada and the United States. Due to the fewer number of studies characterizing the toxicity of dilbit, a dilbit spill poses an unknown risk to freshwater aquatic ecosystems. In the following study, we compared the impact of early-life exposure to conventional and unconventional crude oils on the optomotor behavior, reproductive success, and transgenerational differences in gene expression in zebrafish and their progeny. For exposures, water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of crude oil were generated using a 1:1000 oil to water ratio for 3 different crudes; mixed sweet blend (MSB), medium sour composite (MSC) and dilbit. All three oils generated unique volatile organic compound (VOC) and polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) profiles. Of the WAFs tested, only dilbit decreased the eye size of 2 dpf larvae, and only MSB exposed larvae had an altered behavioral response to a visual simulation of a predator. Early-life exposure to crude oil had no lasting impact on reproductive success of adult fish; however, each oil had unique impacts on the basal gene expression of the somatically exposed offspring. In this study, the biological effects differed between each of the oils tested, which implied chemical composition plays a critical role in determining the sublethal toxicity of conventional and unconventional crude oils in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Philibert
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Danielle D Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ketih B Tierney
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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3
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Pasparakis C, Esbaugh AJ, Burggren W, Grosell M. Impacts of deepwater horizon oil on fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108558. [PMID: 31202903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig in 2010 lead to the largest marine oil spill to occur in US history, resulting in significant impacts to the ecosystems and organisms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The present review sought to summarize and discuss findings from the 50+ peer-reviewed publications reporting effects of DWH oil exposure on teleost fish, and concludes that oil toxicity is a multi-target, multi-organ syndrome with substantial species-specific sensitivity differences. Of the 15 species tested with characterized exposures, 20% show effects at concentrations <1 μg l-1 while 50% display effects at <8.6 μg l-1 ΣPAH50, concentrations well within the range of reported environmental levels during the spill. Cardiotoxic effects are among the most frequently reported endpoints in DWH oil exposure studies and are thought to have significant downstream effects on fitness and survival. However, additional and possibly cardio-toxic independent impacts on sensory function and behavior are reported at very low exposure concentrations (< 1 μg l-1 ∑PAH50) and are clearly deserving of further study. Available information about modes of action leading to different categories of effects are summarized in the present review. An overview of the literature illustrates that early life stages (ELS) are approximately 1-order of magnitude more sensitive than corresponding later life stages, but also illustrates that adults can be impacted at concentrations as low as 4 μg l-1 ΣPAH50. The majority of studies exploring DWH oil toxicity in fish are performed using acute exposures (1-2 days), mid-range test temperatures (26-28 °C) and measure effects at the molecular to organismal levels, leaving a pressing need for more long-term exposures, exposures at the upper and lower levels of GoM relevant temperatures, and studies investigating population level impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Fl, USA.
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Warren Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Fl, USA
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4
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Jasperse L, Levin M, Rogers K, Perkins C, Bosker T, Griffitt RJ, Sepúlveda M, De Guise S. Hypoxia and reduced salinity exacerbate the effects of oil exposure on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) reproduction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:175-185. [PMID: 31129413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico are dynamic environments, with fluctuations in salinity and dissolved oxygen, including areas of seasonal hypoxia. Fish that reside and reproduce in these estuaries, including sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus; SHM), were at significant risk of oil exposure following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. It is poorly understood how differences in environmental conditions during oil exposure impact its toxicity. The present study investigated the effects of crude oil high-energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF) on SHM reproduction in three environmental scenarios (normoxic, hypoxic, and hypoxic with low salinity) to determine if differences in salinity (brackish vs low salinity) and dissolved oxygen (normoxia vs hypoxia) could exacerbate the effects of HEWAF-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We observed that HEWAF exposure significantly increased liver somatic index of SHM compared to control, but this effect was not exacerbated by hypoxia or low salinity. HEWAF exposure also significantly decreased egg production and egg fertilization rate, but only in the hypoxic and hypoxic with low salinity scenarios. A significant correlation existed between body burdens of PAHs and reproductive endpoints, providing substantial evidence that oil exposure reduced reproductive capacity in SHM, across a range of environmental conditions. These data suggest that oil spill risk assessments that fail to consider other environmental stressors (i.e. hypoxia and salinity) may be underestimating risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Jasperse
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kara Rogers
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Perkins
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College/Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | - Marisol Sepúlveda
- Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, Groton, CT, USA
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Jasperse L, Levin M, Rogers K, Perkins C, Bosker T, Griffitt RJ, Sepúlveda MS, De Guise S. Transgenerational effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:638-649. [PMID: 30556163 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the release of over 640 million L of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico, affecting over 2000 km of shoreline, including estuaries that serve as important habitats and nurseries for aquatic species. Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow) are small-bodied fish that inhabit northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries, are easily adaptable to laboratory conditions, and are commonly used in toxicological assessment studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine the somatic, reproductive, and developmental effects of an environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixture, the oil high-energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF), on experimentally exposed sheepshead minnow (F0 ) as well as 2 generations of offspring (F1 and F2 ) without additional exposure. The F0 generation exposed to HEWAF had increased liver somatic indices, altered egg production, and decreased fertilization. Several developmental endpoints in the F1 were altered by F0 HEWAF exposure. As adults, low HEWAF-exposed F1 females demonstrated decreased weight and length. Both the F1 and F2 generations derived from high HEWAF-exposed F0 had deficits in prey capture compared to control F1 and F2 , respectively. Correlations between endpoints and tissue PAHs provide evidence that the physiological effects observed were associated with hydrocarbon exposure. These data demonstrate that PAHs were capable of causing physiological changes in exposed adult sheepshead minnow and transgenerational effects in unexposed offspring, both of which could have population-level consequences. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:638-649. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Jasperse
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kara Rogers
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher Perkins
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College/Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Peters CA, Hendrickson E, Minor EC, Schreiner K, Halbur J, Bratton SP. Pyr-GC/MS analysis of microplastics extracted from the stomach content of benthivore fish from the Texas Gulf Coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:91-95. [PMID: 30503493 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish ingestion of microplastic has been widely documented throughout freshwater, marine, and estuarine species. While numerous studies have quantified and characterized microplastic particles, analytical methods for polymer identification are limited. This study investigated the applicability of pyr-GC/MS for polymer identification of microplastics extracted from the stomach content of marine fish from the Texas Gulf Coast. A total of 43 microplastic particles were analyzed, inclusive of 30 fibers, 3 fragments, and 10 spheres. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the most commonly identified polymers (44.1%), followed by nylon (9.3%), silicone (2.3%), and epoxy resin (2.3%). Approximately 42% of samples could not be classified into a specific polymer class, due to a limited formation of pyrolytic products, low product abundance, or a lack of comparative standards. Diethyl phthalate, a known plasticizer, was found in 16.3% of the total sample, including PVC (14.3%), silicone (14.3%), nylon (14.3%), and sample unknowns (57.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Peters
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | - Julie Halbur
- University of Minnesota, Duluth, United States of America
| | - Susan P Bratton
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States of America
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7
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Lencer ES, McCune AR. An embryonic staging series up to hatching for Cyprinodon variegatus: An emerging fish model for developmental, evolutionary, and ecological research. J Morphol 2018; 279:1559-1578. [PMID: 30368863 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using multiple taxa to research development is necessary for making general conclusions about developmental patterns and mechanisms. We present a staging series for Cyprinodon variegatus as a basis for further study of the developmental biology of fishes in the genus Cyprinodon and for comparative work on teleost fishes beyond the standard models. Cyprinodon are small, euryhaline fishes, widely distributed in fresh, brackish, and hypersaline waters of southern and eastern North America. Cyprinodontids are closely related to fundulids, providing a comparative reference point to the embryological model, Fundulus heteroclitus. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists commonly study Cyprinodon, and we have been using Cyprinodon to study skull variation and its genetic basis among closely related species. We divided embryonic development of C. variegatus into 34 morphologically identifiable stages. We reference our staging series to that already defined for a related model species, Oryzias latipes (medaka) that is studied by a large community of researchers. We provide a description of the early chondrogenesis and ossification of skull and caudal fin bones during the latter stages of embryonic development. We show that Cyprinodon are tractable for studying development. Eggs can be obtained easily from breeding pairs and our study provides a staging system to facilitate future developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra S Lencer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Amy R McCune
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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8
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Bosker T, van Balen L, Walsh B, Sepúlveda MS, DeGuise S, Perkins C, Griffitt RJ. The combined effect of Macondo oil and corexit on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) during early development. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:477-484. [PMID: 28708459 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1340208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH), oil spill an estimated 800 million L oil and 7.9 million L dispersant entered the environment. The potential adverse effects of the oil-dispersant mixture are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of this mixture on early development of sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), a small-bodied estuarine fish commonly found in the area affected by the DWH spill. Embryos were exposed to a chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction (CEWAF; 10:1 mixture of Macondo oil; Corexit 9500) for 48 hr, after which organisms were maintained in uncontaminated water for an additional 8 days. Impacts were assessed on embryonic (heart rate, development of eye pigmentation, embryonic movement measured) and larval (time to hatch, larval survival, standard length, and cyp1a gene expression) development. No significant alterations were found in survival, time to hatch or cyp1a at the end of the experiment. However, CEWAF induced significant decreases in heart rate of embryos, delayed development of eye pigmentation, reduced embryonic movement, and diminished standard length. These results indicate potential sublethal adverse consequences attributed to CEWAF exposure during early development, even in the absence of maintained cyp1a induction or survival rate, potentially affecting the fitness of organisms later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosker
- a Leiden University College, Leiden University , The Hague , The Netherlands
- b Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte van Balen
- a Leiden University College, Leiden University , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Brid Walsh
- a Leiden University College, Leiden University , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Marisol S Sepúlveda
- c Purdue University , Department of Forestry and Natural Resources , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Sylvain DeGuise
- d Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Chris Perkins
- e Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- f Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology , University of Southern Mississippi , Ocean Springs , MS , USA
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9
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Awkerman JA, Hemmer B, Almario A, Lilavois C, Barron MG, Raimondo S. Spatially explicit assessment of estuarine fish after Deepwater Horizon oil spill: trade-off in complexity and parsimony. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:1708-1720. [PMID: 27755711 DOI: 10.1890/15-1410.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating long-term contaminant effects on wildlife populations depends on spatial information about habitat quality, heterogeneity in contaminant exposure, and sensitivities and distributions of species integrated into a systems modeling approach. Rarely is this information readily available, making it difficult to determine the applicability of realistic models to quantify population-level risks. To evaluate the trade-offs between data demands and increased specificity of spatially explicit models for population-level risk assessments, we developed a model for a standard toxicity test species, the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), exposed to oil contamination following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and compared the output with various levels of model complexity to a standard risk quotient approach. The model uses habitat and fish occupancy data collected over five sampling periods throughout 2008-2010 in Pensacola and Choctawhatchee Bays, Florida, USA, to predict species distribution, field-collected and publically available data on oil distribution and concentration, and chronic toxicity data from laboratory assays applied to a matrix population model. The habitat suitability model established distribution of fish within Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, and the population model projected the dynamics of the species in the study area over a 5-yr period (October 2009-September 2014). Vital rates were modified according to estimated contaminant concentrations to simulate oil exposure effects. To evaluate the differences in levels of model complexity, simulations varied from temporally and spatially explicit, including seasonal variation and location-specific oiling, to simple interpretations of a risk quotient derived for the study area. The results of this study indicate that species distribution, as well as spatially and temporally variable contaminant concentrations, can provide a more ecologically relevant evaluation of species recovery from catastrophic environmental impacts but might not be cost-effective or efficient for rapid assessment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Awkerman
- Gulf Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 32561, USA.
| | - Becky Hemmer
- Gulf Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 32561, USA
| | - Alex Almario
- Gulf Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 32561, USA
| | - Crystal Lilavois
- Gulf Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 32561, USA
| | - Mace G Barron
- Gulf Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 32561, USA
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- Gulf Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 32561, USA
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10
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Lotufo GR, Farrar JD, Biedenbach JM, Laird JG, Krasnec MO, Lay C, Morris JM, Gielazyn ML. Effects of sediment amended with Deepwater Horizon incident slick oil on the infaunal amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:253-258. [PMID: 27267114 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil released from the Deepwater Horizon disaster into the Gulf of Mexico posed potential impacts to infaunal invertebrates inhabiting near shore habitats. The effects of sediment-associated weathered slick oil on the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was assessed using 28-d exposures to total PAH sediment concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 24mg/kg (sum of 50 PAHs or tPAH50). Survival and growth rate were significantly decreased in the 2.6, 11.4 and 24.2mg/kg treatments, but only growth in 5.5mg/kg. Offspring production was dramatically decreased but was variable and significantly different only for 24.2mg/kg. The concentrations associated with 20% decreases relative to reference were 1.05 (95% CI=0-2.89) mg/kg tPAH50 for growth rate and 0.632 (95% CI=0.11-2.15) mg/kg tPAH50 for offspring production. The concentrations of PAHs affecting amphipods are within the range of concentrations measured in marsh areas reportedly impacted by DWH oil after its release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Lotufo
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
| | - J Daniel Farrar
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - James M Biedenbach
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Jennifer G Laird
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michel L Gielazyn
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Assessment & Restoration Division, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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11
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Schnitzler JG, Klaren PHM, Mariavelle E, Das K. The thyroid gland and thyroid hormones in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) during early development and metamorphosis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:607-616. [PMID: 26573854 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sheepshead minnow is widely used in ecotoxicological studies that only recently have begun to focus on disruption of the thyroid axis by xenobiotics and endocrine disrupting compounds. However, reference levels of the thyroid prohormone thyroxine (T4) and biologically active hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and their developmental patterns are unknown. This study set out to describe the ontogeny and morphology of the thyroid gland in sheepshead minnow, and to correlate these with whole-body concentrations of thyroid hormones during early development and metamorphosis. Eggs were collected by natural spawning in our laboratory. T4 and T3 were extracted from embryos, larvae and juveniles and an enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure whole-body hormone levels. Length and body mass, hatching success, gross morphology, thyroid hormone levels and histology were measured. The onset of metamorphosis at 12-day post-hatching coincided with surges in whole-body T4 and T3 concentrations. Thyroid follicles were first observed in pre-metamorphic larvae at hatching and were detected exclusively in the subpharyngeal region, surrounding the ventral aorta. Follicle size and thyrocyte epithelial cell heights varied during development, indicating fluctuations in thyroid hormone synthesis activity. The increase in the whole-body T3/T4 ratio was indicative of an increase in outer ring deiodination activity. This study establishes a baseline for thyroid hormones in sheepshead minnows, which will be useful for the understanding of thyroid hormone functions and in future studies of thyroid toxicants in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Schnitzler
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, Liege University, Liege, Belgium.
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - Peter H M Klaren
- Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emeline Mariavelle
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
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