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Bi X, Lin M, Zhou Y, Li D, Xu Z, Zhou L, Huang J. Insecticidal Activity and Molecular Target by Morphological Analysis, RNAseq, and Molecular Docking of the Aryltetralin Lignan Lactone Helioxanthin, Isolated from Taiwania flousiana Gaussen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5133-5144. [PMID: 38427577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides are considered an environmentally friendly approach to insect control because they are easily biodegraded and cause less environmental pollution compared to traditional chemical pesticides. In this study, we reported the insecticidal activities of the ingredients from Taiwania flousiana Gaussen (T. flousiana). Five compounds, namely helioxanthin (C1), taiwanin E (C2), taiwanin H (C3), 7,4'-dimethylamentoflavone (C4), and 7,7″-di-O-methylamentoflavone (C5), were isolated and tested against the second, third, and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Our results indicated that all five compounds showed insecticidal activities, and helioxanthin, which is an aryltetralin lignan lactone, was the most effective with LC50 values of 0.60, 2.82, and 3.12 mg/L, respectively, 48 h after application, with its activity against the second instar larvae similar to that of pyrethrin and better than that of rotenone. Further studies found that helioxanthin accumulated in the gastric cecum and the midgut and caused swelling of mitochondria with shallow matrices and fewer or disappeared crista. Additionally, our molecular mechanisms studies indicated that the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with mitochondria and the cuticle, among which the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) gene was the most down-regulated by helioxanthin, and VDAC is the potential target of helioxanthin by binding to specific amino acid residues (His 122 and Glu 147) via hydrogen bonds. We conclude that aryltetralin lignan lactone is a potential class of novel insecticides by targeting VDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meihong Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zuowei Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiguang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kashyap D, Koirala S, Saini V, Bagde PH, Samanta S, Kar P, Jha HC. Prediction of Rab5B inhibitors through integrative in silico techniques. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10693-9. [PMID: 37505376 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rab5B is a small monomeric G protein that regulates early endocytosis and controls signaling pathways related to cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Rab5B protein expression has been linked to the development of several cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, kidney, prostate, ovarian, breast cancer, etc. Our research shows the first attempt to identify inhibitors that can target Rab5B GTPase. In this study, we performed molecular docking using Autodock Vina 1.5.6 and identified eight molecules with docking scores ranging from -9.8 to -10.6 kcal/mol. Thereafter, we examined the pharmacological characteristics of these compounds, and selected compounds were further analyzed for their conformational dynamics and thermodynamic stability using molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA)-based free energy calculations. Notably, our findings revealed that strychnine had the highest binding affinity to Rab5B followed by anonaine, helioxanthin, and taiwanin E, with a ΔGbind value of -21.43, -17.11, -15.11, and -14.09 kcal/mol respectively. The binding free energy calculations showed that Van der Waals interactions are the primary contributor to the binding between Rab5B and the inhibitor. The interaction between the inhibitor and Rab5B was shown to be controlled by certain hot spot residues, including Phe45, Tyr48, Ala64, and Ala30. Overall, we believe that these findings could facilitate the exploration and development of potential hits against Rab5B, subject to optimization and further research. Rab5B inhibitory binding affinity of natural plants active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Pranit Hemant Bagde
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Sunanda Samanta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.
- Lab No. POD 1B 502, Computational Biophysics Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.
- Lab No. POD 1B 602, Infection Bio-Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Finetti F, Paradisi L, Bernardi C, Pannini M, Trabalzini L. Cooperation between Prostaglandin E2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Cancer Progression: A Dual Target for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082374. [PMID: 37190301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is recognized that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one key lipid mediator involved in chronic inflammation, and it is directly implicated in tumor development by regulating cancer cell growth and migration, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immune escape. In addition, the expression of the enzymes involved in PGE2 synthesis, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES1), positively correlates with tumor progression and aggressiveness, clearly indicating the crucial role of the entire pathway in cancer. Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that the COX2/mPGES1/PGE2 inflammatory axis is involved in the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to reinforce the oncogenic drive of EGFR activation. Similarly, EGFR activation promotes the induction of COX2/mPGES1 expression and PGE2 production. In this review, we describe the interplay between COX2/mPGES1/PGE2 and EGFR in cancer, and new therapeutic strategies that target this signaling pathway, to outline the importance of the modulation of the inflammatory process in cancer fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Paradisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Clizia Bernardi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Pannini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Pang H, Lei D, Huang J, Guo Y, Fan C. Elevated PGT promotes proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in preeclampsia by Erk signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 67:101896. [PMID: 36731680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins participate in maternal recognition of pregnancy, implantation and maintenance of gestation. Prostaglandin transporter (PGT), as a candidate molecule of prostaglandin carriers, might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In preeclampsia (PE) patients' placental tissue, we identified PGT by RNA sequencing, measured its expression pattern by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. PGT was found to be upregulated in preeclamptic placental tissue. The expression pattern of PGT in PE was double confirmed by eight Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In abortion tissues at 6-8 weeks, we then observed the cellular location of PGT by Immunofluorescence technique (IF) and found PGT located in trophoblast cell of the placenta of early pregnancy. In vitro studies revealed that forced expression of PGT in HTR8/Sveno cell inhibited its apoptosis, but promoted its proliferation by activating Erk signaling. In vivo study, we used reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model and L-NAME-induced preeclampsia-like rats to study the possible role of PGT in preeclampsia. And PGT was found to be upregulated in both preeclampsia rat models by Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Newly identified PGT plays an important role in trophoblast proliferation via Erk signaling, providing new insights for understanding the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Di Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jinfa Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yuping Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Cuifang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Tong D, Liu Q, Wang LA, Xie Q, Pang J, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang D, Lan W, Jiang J. The roles of the COX2/PGE2/EP axis in therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:355-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li X, Li F, Wang F, Li J, Lin C, Du J. Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of A549 cells by inhibiting the expression of COX-2. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2981-2989. [PMID: 29872310 PMCID: PMC5973427 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to investigate resveratrol effects on A549 cells proliferation. Methods A total of 104 lung adenocarcinoma tissues and nontumor tissues were collected. BEAS-2B cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (group A). A549 cells were treated with RPMI 1640 medium containing different resveratrol concentrations. A549 cells were transfected and grouped as follows: blank group, siRNA-negative control group, siRNA-COX-2 group and resveratrol + siRNA-COX-2 group. qRT-PCR and Western blot were conducted to detect COX-2 expression. MTT assay, soft agar clone assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess proliferation and cell cycle. Results The relative expression of COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues (P<0.01) and it was closely related with clinical stages. Resveratrol at 60 μmol/L significantly inhibited A549 cells proliferation, S phase cells proportion and COX-2 expression (P<0.01). COX-2 expression in siRNA-COX-2 group was significantly lower than that in blank group and siRNA-negative control group (P<0.01). OD570 values, colony formation rate and S phase cells proportion of resveratrol + siRNA-COX-2 group were much lower than those of other groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Resveratrol inhibits A549 cells proliferation by inhibiting COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Respiratory Department of Internal Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, China
| | - Fang Li
- Respiratory Department of Internal Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Pulmonary Department, Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Pulmonary Department, Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Cunzhi Lin
- Pulmonary Department, Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jianxin Du
- Pulmonary Department, Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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Chung YC, Chen CH, Tsai YT, Lin CC, Chou JC, Kao TY, Huang CC, Cheng CH, Hsu CP. Litchi seed extract inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and growth of Two Non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:16. [PMID: 28056952 PMCID: PMC5217642 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Litchi seeds possess rich amounts of phenolics and have been shown to inhibit proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, the suppression of EGFR signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by litchi seed extract (LCSE) has not been fully understood. METHODS In this study, the effects of LCSE on EGFR signaling, cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis in A549 adenocarcinoma cells and NCI- H661 large-cell carcinoma cells were examined. RESULTS The results demonstrated that LCSE potently reduced the number of cancer cells and induced growth inhibition, cell-cycle arrest in the G1 or G2/M phase, and apoptotic death in the cellular experiment. Only low cytotoxicity effect was noted in normal lung MRC-5 cells. LCSE also suppressed cyclins and Bcl-2 and elevated Kip1/p27, Bax and caspase 8, 9 and 3 activities, which are closely associated with the downregulation of EGFR and its downstream Akt and Erk-1/-2 signaling. CONCLUSION The results implied that LCSE suppressed EGFR signaling and inhibited NSCLC cell growth. This study provided in vitro evidence that LCSE could serve as a potential agent for the adjuvant treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Chen
- Department of Health and Leisure Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Detection, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ching Chou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Kao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chen Huang
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan.
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Velmurugan BK, Yang HH, Sung PJ, Weng CF. Excavatolide B inhibits nonsmall cell lung cancer proliferation by altering peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma expression and PTEN/AKT/NF-Kβ expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:290-301. [PMID: 26790859 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are proven to be rich source of secondary metabolites that can be used to treat various diseases. Excavatolide B (Exc.B), the most abundant metabolite was found in the marine coral Briareum excavatum exhibits cytotoxic effects against lung cancer cell. Treatment of the A549 cells with Exc.B significantly reduced its cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest at subG1 phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner, respectively. Apoptosis induction by Exc.B was further confirmed by decreased pro-caspase 3 expressions and increased proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression. Furthermore, Exc.B increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and also decreased the antioxidant enzymes such as, Catalase, GPx, SOD, GST, and GSH. The proteomic analysis data revealed that total thirty six proteins were altered by Exc.B. STRING database showed that most of the altered proteins have no interaction between each other. Based on these data, KSR1, RuVBL2, PPAR-γ, and Tenascin X proteins were chosen to validate the 2DE data by Western blotting. Additional experiments demonstrated that Exc.B induced PTEN expression and inhibited pAKT and NF-kB expression. These results provide a novel insight into mechanisms underlying the inhibition of A549 cells growth by excavatolide B. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 290-301, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hui Yang
- Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, General Education Center, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Fan J, Lin R, Xia S, Chen D, Elf SE, Liu S, Pan Y, Xu H, Qian Z, Wang M, Shan C, Zhou L, Lei QY, Li Y, Mao H, Lee BH, Sudderth J, DeBerardinis RJ, Zhang G, Owonikoko T, Gaddh M, Arellano ML, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Kang S, Doetsch PW, Lonial S, Boggon TJ, Curran WJ, Chen J. Tetrameric Acetyl-CoA Acetyltransferase 1 Is Important for Tumor Growth. Mol Cell 2016; 64:859-874. [PMID: 27867011 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by acetylating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and PDH phosphatase. How ACAT1 is "hijacked" to contribute to the Warburg effect in human cancer remains unclear. We found that active, tetrameric ACAT1 is commonly upregulated in cells stimulated by EGF and in diverse human cancer cells, where ACAT1 tetramers, but not monomers, are phosphorylated and stabilized by enhanced Y407 phosphorylation. Moreover, we identified arecoline hydrobromide (AH) as a covalent ACAT1 inhibitor that binds to and disrupts only ACAT1 tetramers. The resultant AH-bound ACAT1 monomers cannot reform tetramers. Inhibition of tetrameric ACAT1 by abolishing Y407 phosphorylation or AH treatment results in decreased ACAT1 activity, leading to increased PDC flux and oxidative phosphorylation with attenuated cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of how oncogenic events signal through distinct acetyltransferases to regulate cancer metabolism and suggest ACAT1 as an anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Ruiting Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shannon E Elf
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haidong Xu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Changliang Shan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taofeek Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Manila Gaddh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Martha L Arellano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walter J Curran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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