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Xu WY, Li XW, Sun JX, Malhi KK, Li XN, Li JL. Cadmium causes spleen toxicity in chickens by regulating mitochondrial unfolded protein response and nuclear receptors response. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104167. [PMID: 39180780 PMCID: PMC11387532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that pollutes the environment and threatens human and animal health via the food chain. The spleen is one of the target organs affected by Cd toxicity. However, the mechanism of Cd toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, 80 chicks were allocated into 4 groups (n = 20) and exposed to different doses of CdCl2 (0 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg) for 90 d. The pathological changes in the spleen, mitochondrial dynamics-related factors, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system contents, activities, transcription levels, nuclear receptors (NRs) response molecule levels, and mitochondrial unfolded protein-related factors were detected. The findings indicate that exposure to Cd significantly leads to spleen injury. In Cd groups, the total contents of CYP450 and cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5) increased, and the activities of the CYP450 enzyme system (APND, ERND, AH, and NCR) changed. The NRs response was induced, and the gene levels of AHR/CAR and corresponding CYP450 isoforms (CYP1B1, CYP1A5, CYP1A1, CYP2C18, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) were found altered. The study found that Cd exposure altered the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related factors, such as OPA1, Fis1, MFF, Mfn1, and Mfn2, breaking mitochondrial fusion and cleavage and ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Changes were detected in the gene levels of several mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-related factors, namely (SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, SOD2, and HtrA2). Cd also altered the gene levels of mitochondrial function-related factors (VDAC1, Cyt-C, COA6, PRDX3, RAF and SIRT3). It is showed that Cd can initiate the NRs response, influence the homeostasis of the CPY450 enzyme system, trigger the mtUPR, impair mitochondrial function, and ultimately lead to Cd toxicity in the spleen of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Ye Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jin-Xu Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kanwar Kumar Malhi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Raymundo LB, Gomes DF, Miguel M, Moreira RA, Rocha O. Effects of acute toxicity of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos and the metal Cadmium, both individually and in mixtures, on two species of native neotropical cladocerans. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:642-652. [PMID: 38776006 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The excessive use of pesticides in agriculture and the widespread use of metals in industrial activities and or technological applications has significantly increased the concentrations of these pollutants in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, making aquatic biota increasingly vulnerable and putting many species at risk of extinction. Most aquatic habitats receive pollutants from various anthropogenic actions, leading to interactions between compounds that make them even more toxic. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the compounds Chlorpyrifos (insecticide) and Cadmium (metal), both individually and in mixtures, on the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia rigaudi and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. Acute toxicity tests were conducted for the compounds individually and in mixture, and an ecological risk assessment (ERA) was performed for both compounds. Acute toxicity tests with Cadmium resulted in EC50-48 h of 0.020 mg L-1 for C. rigaudi and 0.026 mg L-1 for C. silvestrii, while tests with Chlorpyrifos resulted in EC50-48 h of 0.047 μg L-1 and 0.062 μg L-1, respectively. The mixture test for C. rigaudi showed the occurrence of additive effects, while for C. silvestrii, antagonistic effects occurred depending on the dose level. The species sensitivity distribution curve for crustaceans, rotifers, amphibians, and fishes resulted in an HC5 of 3.13 and an HC50 of 124.7 mg L-1 for Cadmium; an HC5 of 9.96 and an HC50 of 5.71 μg L-1 for Chlorpyrifos. Regarding the ERA values, Cadmium represented a high risk, while Chlorpyrifos represented an insignificant to a high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Broggio Raymundo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Diego Ferreira Gomes
- NEEA/SHS, Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miguel
- NEEA/SHS, Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- Department of Basic Sciences (ZAB), College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) at the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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Wang X, Tong J, Liang C, Wang X, Ma Y, Tao S, Liu M, Wang Y, Liu J, Yan S, Gao G, Wu X, Huang K, Cao Y, Tao F. Trimester-specific effects of maternal exposure to single and mixed metals on cord serum inflammatory cytokines levels: A prospective birth cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165086. [PMID: 37379910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord blood inflammatory cytokines are vital in early-life programming. An increasing number of studies concern the effect of maternal exposure to different metal elements during pregnancy on inflammatory cytokines, but limited studies have explored the association between maternal exposure to mixed metals and cord blood inflammatory cytokine levels. METHODS We measured serum concentrations of vanadium (V), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and barium (Ba) in the first, second, and third trimesters and eight cord serum inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and TNF-α) in 1436 mother-child dyads from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort. Generalized linear models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to assess the association of single and mixed metal exposure during each trimester with cord serum inflammatory cytokine levels, respectively. RESULTS Regarding metal exposure in the first trimester, V was positively associated with TNF-α (β = 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.13, 0.53); Cu was positively associated with IL-8 (β = 0.23, 95 % CI: 0.07, 0.39); Ba was positively associated with IFN-γ and IL-6; As was negatively associated with IFN-γ and IL-17A; and Cd was negatively associated with IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and TNF-α. BKMR revealed that exposure to metal mixtures in the first trimester was positively associated with IL-8 and TNF-α but negatively associated with IL-17A. Moreover, V contributed the most to these associations. Interaction effects were observed between Cd and As and between Cd and Cu with IL-8, and between Cd and V with IL-17A. Among males, As decreased inflammatory cytokines; among females, Cu increased inflammatory cytokine levels, whereas Cd decreased inflammatory cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to metal mixtures in the first trimester interfered with cord serum inflammatory cytokine levels. The associations of maternal exposure to As, Cu and Cd with inflammatory cytokines showed sex differences. Further studies are warranted to support the findings and explore the mechanism of the susceptibility window and sex-specific disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yufan Ma
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan 243011, Anhui, China
| | - Guopeng Gao
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan 243011, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zhaohui C, Cifei T, Di H, Weijia Z, Cairui H, Zecong L, Xiaobo H. ROS-mediated PERK-CHOP pathway plays an important role in cadmium-induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2271-2280. [PMID: 37300854 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal that is highly toxic to the liver, however, the exact mechanism underlying this damage accompanied by apoptosis has not been thoroughly demonstrated. In this study, we found that Cd exposure significantly reduced cell viability, including the increased populations of apoptotic cells and caspase-3/-7/-12 activation in HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, Cd initiated oxidative stress via elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Simultaneously, Cd exposure induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via activating the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) axis in HepG2 cells, and subsequently disturbed ER function as increased Ca2+ releasing from ER lumen. Intriguingly, further study revealed that oxidative stress is closely related with ER stress, as pretreatment with ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) markedly reduced ER stress as well as protected ER function in Cd treated HepG2 cell. Collectively, these findings first revealed Cd exposure induced HepG2 cells death via a ROS-mediated PERK-CHOP-related apoptotic signaling pathway, which provides a novel insight into the mechanisms of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibitors for oxidative stress and ER stress might be considered as a new strategy to prevent or treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Zhaohui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tang Cifei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Huang Di
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zeng Weijia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Han Cairui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zecong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hu Xiaobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Gu J, Li K, Lin H, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Chen D, Gu X, Shi H. Cadmium induced immunosuppression through TLR-IκBα-NFκB signaling by promoting autophagic degradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115017. [PMID: 37196523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to cadmium (Cd) poses a serious threat to human health. Recent studies indicate that Cd perturbs the immune system and increases the risk of pathogenicity and mortality of bacterial or virus infection. However, the underlying mechanism of Cd-modulated immune responses remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of Cd in the immune function of mouse spleen tissues and its primary T cells with Concanavalin A (ConA, a well-known T cell mitogen) activation condition, and elucidate the molecular mechanism. The results showed that Cd exposure inhibited ConA-induced the expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in mouse spleen tissues. Furthermore, the transcriptomic profile by RNA-sequence reveals that: (1) Cd exposure can alter immune system process; (2) Cd may affect the NFκB signaling pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed that Cd exposure reduced ConA-activated toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-IκBα-NFκB signaling, and the expressions of TLR9, TNF-α and IFN-γ, which were effectively reversed by autophagy-lysosomal inhibitors. All these results confirmedly demonstrated that, by promoting the autophagy-lysosomal degradation of TLR9, Cd suppressed immune response under ConA activation condition. This study provides insight on the mechanism of Cd immunnotoxicity, which might contribute to the prevention of Cd toxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Gu
- King's Own Institute, Sydney 2000, Australia; The University of Newcastle, 2308, Australia
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Yuan Y, Wang X, Ge J, Jiang W, Li Z, Wang Z, Xiao Q, Meng Q, Jiang J, Hao W, Wei X. Developmental immunotoxicity of maternal exposure to yttrium nitrate on BALB/c offspring mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37102272 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium is a typical heavy rare earth element with widespread use in numerous sectors. Only one previous study has indicated that yttrium has the potential to cause developmental immunotoxicity (DIT). Therefore, there remains a paucity of evidence on the DIT of yttrium. This study aimed to explore the DIT of yttrium nitrate (YN) and the self-recovery of YN-induced DIT. Dams were treated with 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/kg bw/day YN by gavage during gestation and lactation. No significant changes were found in innate immunity between the control and YN-treated groups in offspring. In female offspring at postnatal day 21 (PND21), YN markedly inhibited humoral and cellular immune responses, the proliferative capacity of splenic T lymphocytes, and the expression of costimulatory molecules in splenic lymphocytes. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on cellular immunity in female offspring persisted to PND42. Unlike females, YN exposure did not change the adaptive immune responses in male offspring. Overall, maternal exposure to YN showed a strong DIT to offspring, with the lowest effective dose of 0.2 mg/kg in the current study. The toxicity of cellular immunity could persist throughout development into adulthood. There were sex-specific differences in YN-induced DIT, with females being more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuese Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyu Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekang Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The widespread environmental contamination of chlorpyrifos (CP) has raised human health concerns and necessitated cost-effective methods for its remediation. The current study evaluated the degradation behavior of CP in compost and biochar amended and unamended (original and sterilized) soils in an incubation trial. Two levels of CP (100 and 200 mg kg−1), compost and biochar (0.50%) were applied, and soil was collected at different time intervals. At the higher CP level (200 mg kg−1), CP a showed lower degradation rate (ƙ = 0.0102 mg kg−1 d−1) compared with a low CP level (ƙ = 0.0173 mg kg−1 d−1). The half-lives of CP were 40 and 68 days for CP at 100 and 200 mg kg−1 in original soil, respectively, and increased to 94 and 141 days in sterilized soils. CP degradation was accelerated in compost amended soils, while suppressed in biochar amended soils. Lower half lives of 20 and 37 days were observed with compost application at CP 100 and 200 mg kg−1 doses, respectively. The activities of soil enzymes were considerably affected by the CP contamination and significantly recovered in compost and biochar amended soils. In conclusion, the application of organic amendments especially compost is an important strategy for the remediation of CP contaminated soil.
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Yao W, Ba Q, Wang H. Effects of Cadmium Exposure on the Immune System and Immunoregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695484. [PMID: 34354707 PMCID: PMC8330548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a biologically non-essential heavy metal, is widespread in the environment, including the air, water, and soil, and is widely present in foods and quantum dot preparations. Cd enters the body primarily through inhalation and ingestion. Its biological half-life in humans is 10-35 years; therefore, Cd poses long-term health risks. While most studies on Cd toxicity have focused on organ and tissue damage, the immunotoxicity of Cd has drawn increasing attention recently. Cd accumulates in immune cells, modulates the function of the immune system, triggers immunological responses, and leads to diverse health problems. Cd acts as an immunotoxic agent by regulating the activity and apoptosis of immune cells, altering the secretion of immune cytokines, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, changing the frequency of T lymphocyte subsets, and altering the production of selective antibodies in immune cells. This review summarizes the immunological toxicity of Cd, elucidates the mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity in terms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and discusses potential strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of Cd on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Goyal T, Mitra P, Singh P, Ghosh R, Lingeswaran M, Sharma S, Purohit P, Sharma P. Estimation of lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels in workers occupationally exposed to cadmium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126681. [PMID: 33248335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure to Cadmium (Cd) may have serious health effect on workers. However, little is known about its effect on immune system. Moreover, previous studies have been inconclusive in stating the effect of Cd on immune system. The aim of our study was to estimate immune parameters in workers occupationally exposed to Cd. MATERIAL AND METHODS 110 individuals occupationally exposed to Cd and 97 apparently healthy non-exposed individuals were recruited for this study. Blood Cadmium levels were determined by AAS. Lymphocyte subset were analyzed using flow cytometry and the cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Exposed group have significantly higher levels of B-Cd. % of CD8 cells were higher in exposed while % of CD4 cells showed a decreasing trend in the exposed group. Among the CD3CD4 T cell subsets Th1 (%) and Tregs (%) cells were lower while Th17 (%) were higher in exposed group. Increased levels of IL-4 (Th2), IL-6 (Th2) and TNF- α (Th1) and decreased levels of IL-2 (Th1) and IL-10 (Tregs) were observed in Cd exposed workers which is indicative of a predominant pro-inflammatory response in Cd exposed workers. IL-17 (Th17) levels did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Increased Th17/Tregs ratio in the exposed group is also suggestive of an increased pro-inflammatory immune response in exposed group. CONCLUSION To conclude, even low level of exposure to Cd in occupational settings is associated with alterations in Th17 cells, which may further predispose an individual to other systemic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Raghumoy Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Malavika Lingeswaran
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
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10
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Zhao Y, Fan C, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Wang F, Weng Q, Xu M. Walnut Polyphenol Extract Protects against Malathion- and Chlorpyrifos-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating TLRx-NOX-ROS. Nutrients 2020; 12:E616. [PMID: 32120800 PMCID: PMC7146534 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malathion (MT) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are immunotoxic organophosphate pesticides that are used extensively in agriculture worldwide. Dietary polyphenols protect against a variety of toxins. In this study, walnut polyphenol extract (WPE) prevents MT- or CPF-induced toxicity to splenic lymphocytes in vitro. WPE promotes the proliferation of MT-exposed splenocytes, as indicated by increases in the proportions of splenic T-lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) and levels of T-cell-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, IL-4, and granzyme B, and decreases the apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and p53. WPE also significantly enhances the proliferation of CPF-exposed splenic B lymphocytes (CD19+ B cells) and levels of the B-cell-related cytokine IL-6, leading to decreases of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and p53. These effects are related to reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as evidenced by normalized hydroxyl radical (•OH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels, which are associated with decreased expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1). WPE inhibits the production of ROS and expression of NOX by regulating toll-like receptors 4 and 7 in MT- and CPF-exposed splenic lymphocytes. In conclusion, WPE protects against MT- or CPF-mediated immunotoxicity and inhibits oxidative damage by modulating toll-like receptor (TLR)x-NOX-ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Fan
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (C.F.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (Q.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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Costa C, Briguglio G, Catanoso R, Giambò F, Polito I, Teodoro M, Fenga C. New perspectives on cytokine pathways modulation by pesticide exposure. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Zeng Q, Zhang WX, Zheng TZ, Zhou B, Li JX, Zhang B, Xia W, Li YY, Xu SQ. Prenatal and postnatal cadmium exposure and cellular immune responses among pre-school children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105282. [PMID: 31711017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have demonstrated that cadmium exposure induces alterations on immune function, but epidemiological evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between prenatal and postnatal cadmium exposure and cellular immune responses among pre-school children. METHODS Pre-school aged children (n = 407) were followed from a prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China. Maternal urinary and children's plasma cadmium concentrations were measured as biomarkers of prenatal and postnatal cadmium exposure, respectively. Children's cellular immune responses were assessed by peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and plasma cytokines. Multivariable adjusted models were applied to estimate the associations of prenatal and postnatal cadmium exposure with T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines, and the effect modification by child gender were also examined. RESULTS Maternal urinary cadmium was associated with reduced absolute counts of CD3+CD4+ cells (-12.45%; 95% CI: -23.74%, 0.40% for the highest vs. lowest quartile; p for trend = 0.045). Inverse associations of maternal urinary cadmium with %CD3+CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were only observed among females (both p-interaction < 0.050); whereas an inverse association with absolute counts of CD3+CD8+ cells was only observed among males (p-interaction = 0.057). Positive associations of maternal urinary cadmium with %CD3+CD4+ cells, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-6 were only observed among females, although there were no significant interactions. We observed no clear associations of children's plasma cadmium with T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines. CONCLUSION Prenatal but not postnatal cadmium exposure was associated with sex-specific alterations on children's cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tong-Zhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ju-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun-Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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13
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Hossein-Khannazer N, Azizi G, Eslami S, Alhassan Mohammed H, Fayyaz F, Hosseinzadeh R, Usman AB, Kamali AN, Mohammadi H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Dehghanifard E, Noorisepehr M. The effects of cadmium exposure in the induction of inflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 42:1-8. [PMID: 31793820 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1697284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process essential for maintaining homeostatic mechanisms in human, but however, exaggerated inflammatory responses are closely related to many chronic diseases. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity when present in food, water and air has the potential of eliciting inflammatory reactions, with a major health risk to human. This review aimed to elucidate on the major routes of Cd exposure, the main organs affected by the exposure, the degree of toxicity as well as the roles of the toxic effects on the immune system which results to inflammatory responses. Immune modulation by Cd may cause serious adverse health effects in humans. Various studies have highlighted the ability of Cd as an environmental pollutant involved in the modulation of the innate, adaptive and mucosal immune responses in relations to the release of chemokine, gene expression, and susceptibility to microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hussaini Alhassan Mohammed
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Farimah Fayyaz
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abubakar B Usman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ali N Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Emad Dehghanifard
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noorisepehr
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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14
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Weis GCC, Assmann CE, Cadoná FC, Bonadiman BDSR, Alves ADO, Machado AK, Duarte MMMF, da Cruz IBM, Costabeber IH. Immunomodulatory effect of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate methyl pesticides on macrophage cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109420. [PMID: 31299472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ), chlorothalonil (CT), and thiophanate methyl (TM) are pesticides commonly used in agriculture due to their efficacy, low acute toxicity to mammals, and short environmental persistence. Although the toxic effects of these pesticides have been previously reported, studies regarding their influence on the immune system are limited. As such, this study focused on the immunomodulatory effect of MZ, CT, and TM pesticides on macrophage cells. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to a range of concentrations (0.1-100 μg/mL) of these pesticides. CT exposure promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. The MTT and ds-DNA assay results demonstrated that MZ, CT, and TM exposure induced macrophage proliferation. Moreover, MZ, CT, and TM promoted cell cycle arrest at S phase, strongly suggesting macrophage proliferation. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and caspases (caspase 1, 3, and 8) in macrophages exposed to MZ, CT, and TM pesticides increased, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. These results suggest that MZ, CT, and TM exert an immunomodulatory effect on the immune system, inducing macrophage activation and enhancing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Audrei de Oliveira Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Gu J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shi M, Yin L, Hou Y, Zhou Y, Chu Wong CK, Chen D, Guo Z, Shi H. Inhibition of Autophagy Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Mouse Spleen and Human B Cells Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 170:109-122. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate and cause severe damage to many organs, such as liver, kidney, lung, etc. Cd also significantly suppresses immunity, however, the underlying mechanism involved in Cd-induced immunnotoxicity is still unclear. The present study indicated that semichronic Cd exposure (7 days) induced apoptotic damage of mouse spleen. In human Ramos B cells, Cd exposure also induced apoptosis, which was dependent on Cd-induced vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) expression and autophagy. Cd-induced autophagy and apoptosis were abated when VMP1 expression was knockdown. In addition, Cd-induced VMP1 expression, autophagy, and apoptosis were dependent on the elevation of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). More important, Cd exposure also induced VMP1 expression and autophagy in mouse spleen tissue, and the intraperitoneal injection of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) into mice effectively reduced Cd-induced spleen apoptotic damage. Taken together, these results indicate Cd-induced autophagy, promotes apoptosis in immune cells, and inhibition of autophagy can alleviate Cd-induced spleen and immune cell apoptosis. This study might provide the groundwork for future studies on Cd-induced immunomodulatory effects and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
| | - Meilin Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
| | - Liangdong Yin
- Department of Osteology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | | | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
| | | | - Dongfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University
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16
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Essa SS, El-Saied EM, El-Tawil OS, Gamal IM, El-Rahman SSA. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide defeat chlorpyrifos-induced immunotoxic effects and histopathological alterations. Vet World 2019; 12:440-448. [PMID: 31089315 PMCID: PMC6487240 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.440-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) physically showed effective adsorbing property for some insecticides. The study was conducted to estimate the potential effect of ZnO NPs against CPF toxicity. Materials and Methods: Four groups of male rats were used; control group and three groups received drinking water contained 75 mg/L CPF, combined 75 mg/L CPF and 200 mg/L ZnO NPs, and 200 mg/L ZnO NPs, respectively. Results: CPF significantly decreased macrophage activity, serum lysozyme activity, and levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6; increased the percentage of DNA degeneration on comet assay of lymphocytes and significantly elevated hepatic and splenic malondialdehyde contents; and decreased their glutathione contents. The liver and spleen showed marked histological alterations after exposure to CPF with decreased expression of acetylcholinesterase. The coadministration of ZnO NPs ameliorated most of the undesirable effects of CPF, through elevation of macrophage and serum lysozyme activities, increased the levels of IL-2 and IL-6, corrected the oxidative stress markers, and alleviated most of the adverse effect exerted by CPF in liver and spleen tissues. Conclusion: The addition of ZnO NPs to CPF-contaminated drinking water may be useful as a powerful antioxidant agent against toxic damage induced by CPF particularly in individuals who are on daily occupational exposure to low doses of CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Essa
- Immune Section, Research Institute for Animal Reproduction, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eiman M El-Saied
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Osama S El-Tawil
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Inas M Gamal
- Immune Section, Research Institute for Animal Reproduction, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Chlorpyrifos Suppresses Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Carp by Promoting Necroptosis and Inhibiting Respiratory Burst Caused by the PKC/MAPK Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1763589. [PMID: 30881588 PMCID: PMC6383406 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1763589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are reticular structures formed by myeloperoxidase (MPO), histones, and neutrophil elastase (NE) that are released from neutrophils in response to pathogenic stimuli. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is wildly used as an organophosphorus pesticide that causes a range of toxicological and environmental problems. Exposure to CPF can increase the production of neutrophils in carps, and this increase can be considered a biomarker of water pollution. To explore a relationship between NETs and CPF and its mechanism of influence, we treated neutrophils from the blood of carp with 1 μg/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), 0.325 mg/L CPF, or 20 μM necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). The production of MPO and NETs was reduced in the CPF+PMA group compared with that in the PMA group. CPF can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), while inhibiting respiratory burst caused by PMA stimulation. We found that the expression levels of protein-coupled receptor 84 (gpr84), dystroglycan (DAG), proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (RAF), protein kinase C (PKC), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) in the CPF+PMA group were lower than those in the PMA group, indicating that the PKC-MAPK pathway was suppressed. The expression levels of cylindromatosis (CYLD), mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIP1), and receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIP3) were increased, and the expression levels of caspase 8 were reduced by CPF, indicating that CPF may cause necroptosis. The addition of Nec-1 restored the number of NETs in the CPF+PMA group. The results indicate that CPF reduced the production of NETs by inhibiting respiratory burst and increasing necroptosis. The results contribute to the understanding of the immunotoxicological mechanism of CPF and provide a reference for comparative medical studies.
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18
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Liu H, Wan Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Weng Q, Xu M. Walnut Polyphenol Extract Protects against Fenitrothion-Induced Immunotoxicity in Murine Splenic Lymphocytes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121838. [PMID: 30513644 PMCID: PMC6315471 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenitrothion (FNT), an organophosphate pesticide, exerts an immunotoxic effect on splenocytes. Dietary polyphenol compounds exert antioxidant, anticancer and antihypertensive effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of walnut polyphenol extract (WPE) on FNT-induced immunotoxicity in splenic lymphocytes in vitro. Treatment with WPE significantly increased the proliferation of FNT-exposed splenocytes, as evidenced by increases in the proportions of splenic T lymphocytes (CD3+ T cells) and T-cell subsets (CD8+ T cells), as well as the secretion of the T-cell-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, IL-4 and granzyme B. These effects were associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in the levels of hydroxyl radical, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde. Moreover, WPE decreased the FNT-induced overexpression of NADPH oxidase 2 and dual oxidase 1 by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in splenic T-cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that WPE protects against FNT-mediated immunotoxicity and improves immune function by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yifang Wan
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ao Zhang
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiang Weng
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Collage of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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19
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He B, Wang X, Wei L, Kong B, Jin Y, Xie X, Fu Z. β-Cypermethrin and its metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid induce cytotoxicity and block granulocytic cell differentiation in HL-60 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:740-747. [PMID: 29945211 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most widely used type II pyrethroid is β-cypermethrin (β-CYP), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is one of its primary metabolites. Although CYP has been shown to pose toxic effects in some immune cells, as of now the immunotoxicity of CYP on immune progenitor cells has not been well studied. In this study, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of β-CYP and 3-PBA on the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. Both β-CYP and 3-PBA reduced cell viability. In addition, both β-CYP and 3-PBA stimulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while only β-CYP induced cell cycle arrest in G1 stage. Moreover, exposure to β-CYP and 3-PBA at 100 μM inhibited all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced mRNA expressions of the granulocytic differentiation-related genes, CD11b and CSF-3R. Furthermore, exposure to β-CYP and 3-PBA resulted in a downregulation of the granulocytic differentiation promoting transcriptional factors, PU.1 and C/EBPε. Furthermore, we found that β-CYP and 3-PBA exposure led to elevated levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked the toxic effects caused by β-CYP and 3-PBA. The results obtained in the present study provide evidence showing the immunotoxic effects of β-CYP and 3-PBA on promyelocytic cells as well as its possible underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baida Kong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Liu H, Li JX, Tian JL, Wang C, Wang YX, Wan YF, Weng Q, Xu MY. Selective effects of fenitrothion on murine splenic T-lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:319-326. [PMID: 29431569 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1431466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on mouse splenic lymphocytes. Here, naïve mice had their spleens harvested and splenocytes isolated. After exposure to FNT for 48 hr: splenocyte viability was measured using a tetrazolium dye assay; cell phenotypes, i.e., B-cells (CD19+), T-cells (CD3+), and T-cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+), were quantified by flow cytometry; and, production of cytokines/granzyme-B was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability for FNT to induce oxidative stress in the cells was evaluated by measuring hydroxyl radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that FNT significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, and granzyme B, but had no impact on IL-6 production. FNT also selectively decreased splenic T-cell levels but did not induce changes in CD19+ B-cells. Further, within the T-cell populations, percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells (particularly CD8+ T-cells) were reduced. Lastly, FNT selectively increased MDA and ·OH production and inhibited SOD and GSH-Px activities in the splenic lymphocytes. These findings suggest that, due to oxidative damage, FNT selectively inhibits splenic T-lymphocyte survival and cytokine/granzyme production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiang X Li
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Jing L Tian
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Chen Wang
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Yu X Wang
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Yi F Wan
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Qiang Weng
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | - Mei Y Xu
- a Collage of Biological Science and Technology , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
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