1
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Zangoli M, Monti F, Zanelli A, Marinelli M, Flammini S, Spallacci N, Zakrzewska A, Lanzi M, Salatelli E, Pierini F, Di Maria F. Multifunctional Photoelectroactive Materials for Optoelectronic Applications Based on Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines and Thieno[1,2,5]thiadiazoles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303590. [PMID: 37983681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel family of symmetrical thiophene-based small molecules with a Donor-Acceptor-Donor structure. These compounds feature three different acceptor units: benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (Bz), thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (Pz), and thieno[1,2,5]thiadiazole (Tz), coupled with electron donor units based on a carbazole-thiophene derivative. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we investigate how the molecular geometry and strength of the central acceptor unit impact the redox and spectroscopic properties. Notably, the incorporation of Pz and Tz moieties induces a significant redshift in the absorption and emission spectra, which extend into the near-infrared (NIR) region, simultaneously reducing their energy gaps (~1.4-1.6 eV). This shift is attributed to the increased coplanarity of the oligomeric inner core, both in the ground (S0 ) and excited (S1 ) states, due to the enhanced quinoidal character as supported by bond-length alternation (BLA) analysis. These structural changes promote better π-electron delocalization and facilitate photoinduced charge transfer processes in optoelectronic devices. Notably, we show that Pz- and Tz-containing molecules exhibit NIR electrochromic behavior and present ambivalent character in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Finally, theoretical calculations suggest that these molecules could serve as effective two-photon absorption (2PA) probes, further expanding their potential in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zangoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Monti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Marinelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Soraia Flammini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- RCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicol Spallacci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zakrzewska
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Di Maria
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Bi X, Lin L, Chen Z, Ye J. Artificial Intelligence for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301243. [PMID: 37888799 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), well acknowledged as a fingerprinting and sensitive analytical technique, has exerted high applicational value in a broad range of fields including biomedicine, environmental protection, food safety among the others. In the endless pursuit of ever-sensitive, robust, and comprehensive sensing and imaging, advancements keep emerging in the whole pipeline of SERS, from the design of SERS substrates and reporter molecules, synthetic route planning, instrument refinement, to data preprocessing and analysis methods. Artificial intelligence (AI), which is created to imitate and eventually exceed human behaviors, has exhibited its power in learning high-level representations and recognizing complicated patterns with exceptional automaticity. Therefore, facing up with the intertwining influential factors and explosive data size, AI has been increasingly leveraged in all the above-mentioned aspects in SERS, presenting elite efficiency in accelerating systematic optimization and deepening understanding about the fundamental physics and spectral data, which far transcends human labors and conventional computations. In this review, the recent progresses in SERS are summarized through the integration of AI, and new insights of the challenges and perspectives are provided in aim to better gear SERS toward the fast track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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3
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Barsotti J, Perotto S, Candini A, Colombo E, Camargo FVA, Di Marco S, Zangoli M, Sardar S, Barker AJ, D'Andrea C, Cerullo G, Rozen S, Benfenati F, Di Maria F, Lanzani G. Core-Shell Architecture in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles: Tuning of the Photophysical Properties for Enhanced Neuronal Photostimulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13472-13483. [PMID: 36857156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that entirely thiophene-based core@shell nanoparticles, in which the shell is made of the oxidized form of the core polymer (P3HT@PTDOx NPs), result in a type II interface at the particle surface. This enables the development of advanced photon nanotransducers with unique chemical-physical and biofunctional properties due to the core@shell nanoarchitecture. We demonstrate that P3HT@PTDOx NPs present a different spatial localization of the excitation energy with respect to the nonoxidized NPs, showing a prevalence of surface states as a result of a different alignment of the HOMO/LUMO energy levels between the core and shell. This allows for the efficient photostimulation of retinal neurons. Indeed, thanks to the stronger and longer-lived charge separation, P3HT@PTDOx NPs, administered subretinally in degenerate retinas from the blind Royal College of Surgeons rats, are more effective in photostimulation of inner retinal neurons than the gold standard P3HT NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barsotti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Perotto
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Colombo
- IIT Centro di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Sinaptiche, Centro di Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Di Marco
- IIT Centro di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Sinaptiche, Centro di Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Samim Sardar
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alex J Barker
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Shlomo Rozen
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- IIT Centro di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Sinaptiche, Centro di Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Göen Colak D, Constantinescu D, Cianga I. Thiophene End-Functionalized Oligo-(D,L-Lactide) as a New Electroactive Macromonomer for the "Hairy-Rod" Type Conjugated Polymers Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051094. [PMID: 36904339 PMCID: PMC10006927 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the modern society imposes a fast-growing demand for new advanced functional polymer materials. To this aim, one of the most plausible current methodologies is the end-group functionalization of existing conventional polymers. If the end functional group is able to polymerize, this method enables the synthesis of a molecularly complex, grafted architecture that opens the access to a wider range of material properties, as well as tailoring the special functions required for certain applications. In this context, the present paper reports on α-thienyl-ω-hydroxyl-end-groups functionalized oligo-(D,L-lactide) (Th-PDLLA), which was designed to combine the polymerizability and photophysical properties of thiophene with the biocompatibility and biodegradability of poly-(D,L-lactide). Th-PDLLA was synthesized using the path of "functional initiator" in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of (D,L)-lactide, assisted by stannous 2-ethyl hexanoate (Sn(oct)2). The results of NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic methods confirmed the Th-PDLLA's expected structure, while the oligomeric nature of Th-PDLLA, as resulting from the calculations based on 1H-NMR data, is supported by the findings from gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and by the results of the thermal analyses. The behavior of Th-PDLLA in different organic solvents, evaluated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, but also by dynamic light scattering (DLS), suggested the presence of colloidal supramolecular structures, underlining the nature of the macromonomer Th-PDLLA as an "shape amphiphile". To test its functionality, the ability of Th-PDLLA to work as a building block for the synthesis of molecular composites was demonstrated by photoinduced oxidative homopolymerization in the presence of diphenyliodonium salt (DPI). The occurrence of a polymerization process, with the formation of a thiophene-conjugated oligomeric main chain grafted with oligomeric PDLLA, was proven, in addition to the visual changes, by the results of GPC, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and fluorescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, 41A, Grigore–GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Cianga
- “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, 41A, Grigore–GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (I.C.); Tel.: +40-332-880-220 (L.C. & I.C.)
| | - Demet Göen Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ioan Cianga
- “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, 41A, Grigore–GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (I.C.); Tel.: +40-332-880-220 (L.C. & I.C.)
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5
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Kausar A. Polythiophene/Graphene Nanocomposite: top-notch properties and competence. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2089577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- National Center For Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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6
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Danmatam N, Nakburee W, Pearce J, Pattavarakorn D. Smart carboxymethyl cellulose/polythiophene hydrogel for electrically driven soft actuators: Physical and thermal properties and electroactive performances. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanticha Danmatam
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Graduate School Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Nakburee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Graduate School Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - John Pearce
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Datchanee Pattavarakorn
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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7
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Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Ailiesei GL, Göen Colak D, Popescu I, Cianga I. Thiophene α-Chain-End-Functionalized Oligo(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) as Precursor Amphiphilic Macromonomer for Grafted Conjugated Oligomers/Polymers and as a Multifunctional Material with Relevant Properties for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7495. [PMID: 35886844 PMCID: PMC9317439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the combination of π-conjugated polymers with biocompatible synthetic counterparts leads to the development of bio-relevant functional materials, this paper reports a new oligo(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (OMeOx)-containing thiophene macromonomer, denoted Th-OMeOx. It can be used as a reactive precursor for synthesis of a polymerizable 2,2'-3-OMeOx-substituted bithiophene by Suzuki coupling. Also a grafted polythiophene amphiphile with OMeOx side chains was synthesized by its self-acid-assisted polymerization (SAAP) in bulk. The results showed that Th-OMeOx is not only a reactive intermediate but also a versatile functional material in itself. This is due to the presence of 2-bromo-substituted thiophene and ω-hydroxyl functional end-groups, and due to the multiple functionalities encoded in its structure (photosensitivity, water self-dispersibility, self-assembling capacity). Thus, analysis of its behavior in solvents of different selectivities revealed that Th-OMeOx forms self-assembled structures (micelles or vesicles) by "direct dissolution".Unexpectedly, by exciting the Th-OMeOx micelles formed in water with λabs of the OMeOx repeating units, the intensity of fluorescence emission varied in a concentration-dependent manner.These self-assembled structures showed excitation-dependent luminescence as well. Attributed to the clusteroluminescence phenomenon due to the aggregation and through space interactions of electron-rich groups in non-conjugated, non-aromatic OMeOx, this behavior certifies that polypeptides mimic the character of Th-OMeOx as a non-conventional intrinsic luminescent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Luminita Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- NMR Spectroscopy Department, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Demet Göen Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Irina Popescu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ioan Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
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8
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Yin X, Yang J, Zhang M, Wang X, Xu W, Price CAH, Huang L, Liu W, Su H, Wang W, Chen H, Hou G, Walker M, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Liu J, Qian K, Di W. Serum Metabolic Fingerprints on Bowl-Shaped Submicroreactor Chip for Chemotherapy Monitoring. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2852-2865. [PMID: 35099942 PMCID: PMC9007521 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a primary cancer treatment strategy, the monitoring of which is critical to enhancing the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients. However, current chemotherapy monitoring mainly relies on imaging tools with inefficient sensitivity and radiation invasiveness. Herein, we develop the bowl-shaped submicroreactor chip of Au-loaded 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin (denoted as APF-bowl&Au) with a specifically designed structure and Au loading content. The obtained APF-bowl&Au, used as the matrix of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS), possesses an enhanced localized electromagnetic field for strengthened small metabolite detection. The APF-bowl&Au enables the extraction of serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs), and machine learning of the SMFs achieves chemotherapy monitoring of ovarian cancer with area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.81-0.98. Furthermore, a serum metabolic biomarker panel is preliminarily identified, exhibiting gradual changes as the chemotherapy cycles proceed. This work provides insights into the development of nanochips and contributes to a universal detection platform for chemotherapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Mengji Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Cameron-Alexander H. Price
- The
University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond
Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratories, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Lin Huang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wanshan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Su
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Mark Walker
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC,
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Auhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC,
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Auhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- DICP-Surrey
Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process
Engineering, and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Kun Qian
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Di
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
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9
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Zhang C, Chen S, Li Q, Wu J, Qiu F, Chen Z, Sun Y, Luo J, Bastarrachea RA, Grayburn PA, DeFronzo RA, Liu Y, Qian K, Huang P. Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Mediates Gene Transfection for Beta-Cell Regeneration and Glucose Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008177. [PMID: 34185956 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) mediates gene transfection with high biosafety and thus has been promising toward treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the potential application of UTMD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still limited, due to the lack of systematic design and dynamic monitoring. Herein, an efficient gene delivery system is constructed by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encoding glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in ultrasound-induced microbubbles, toward treatment of T2D in macaque. The as designed UTMD afforded enhancement of cell membrane penetration and GLP-1 expression in macaque, which is characterized by ultrasound-guided biopsy to monitor the dynamic process of islet cells for 6 months. Also, improvement of pancreatic beta cell regeneration, and regulation of plasma glucose in macaque with T2D is achieved. The approach would serve as promising alternatives for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern medical center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fuqiang Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jieli Luo
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | | | - Paul A Grayburn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall St, Suite H030, Dallas, Texas, 75226, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound and Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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10
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Cantelli A, Malferrari M, Soldà A, Simonetti G, Forni S, Toscanella E, Mattioli EJ, Zerbetto F, Zanelli A, Di Giosia M, Zangoli M, Barbarella G, Rapino S, Di Maria F, Calvaresi M. Human Serum Albumin-Oligothiophene Bioconjugate: A Phototheranostic Platform for Localized Killing of Cancer Cells by Precise Light Activation. JACS AU 2021; 1:925-935. [PMID: 34467339 PMCID: PMC8395684 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The electronic, optical, and redox properties of thiophene-based materials have made them pivotal in nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, the exploitation of oligothiophenes in photodynamic therapy is hindered by their intrinsic hydrophobicity that lowers their biocompatibility and availability in water environments. Here, we developed human serum albumin (HSA)-oligothiophene bioconjugates that afford the use of insoluble oligothiophenes in physiological environments. UV-vis and electrophoresis proved the conjugation of the oligothiophene sensitizers to the protein. The bioconjugate is water-soluble and biocompatible, does not have any "dark toxicity", and preserves HSA in the physiological monomeric form, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism measurements. In contrast, upon irradiation with ultralow light doses, the bioconjugate efficiently produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to the complete eradication of cancer cells. Real-time monitoring of the photokilling activity of the HSA-oligothiophene bioconjugate shows that living cells "explode" upon irradiation. Photodependent and dose-dependent apoptosis is one of the primary mechanisms of cell death activated by bioconjugate irradiation. The bioconjugate is a novel theranostic platform able to generate ROS intracellularly and provide imaging through the fluorescence of the oligothiophene. It is also a real-time self-reporting system able to monitor the apoptotic process. The induced phototoxicity is strongly confined to the irradiated region, showing localized killing of cancer cells by precise light activation of the bioconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- IRCCS
Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Sonny Forni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Toscanella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo J. Mattioli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanelli
- Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Zangoli
- Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Mediteknology
srl, Via Piero Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Barbarella
- Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Mediteknology
srl, Via Piero Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Maria
- Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Mediteknology
srl, Via Piero Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Yang C, Zhu Y, Guan C, Wang L, Xu L, Li D, Zhang S, Zhang L, Yang D, Xu Y. Crystal Phase-Related Toxicity of One-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials on Kidney Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3499-3506. [PMID: 35014434 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials are widely used in different fields, and the increased application of 1D nanomaterials has drawn concerns about their unknown toxicity. 1D titanium oxide (TiO2) nanomaterials in different crystal phases are commonly applied in environmental remediation and solar energy conversion fields, but these materials pose a threat to human health, especially to the kidneys, an organ with abundant blood flow. To systematically evaluate the cytotoxicity to the kidneys, TiO2 nanofibers with TiO2(B), anatase, and rutile phases, as well as nanorods with anatase and rutile phases were synthesized and added to the culture medium of HK2 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay, Hoechst 33342 staining experiments, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests were used to explore the renal effects of the as-prepared TiO2 nanomaterials in the short term or long term. In the short-term evaluation, all the added TiO2 nanomaterials were toxic to HK2 cells, and the cytotoxicity was dose-dependent. Rutile TiO2 can widely attach to the cell surface and displays the most serious cell-killing and proapoptotic ability, while anatase induces the most serious oxidative stress. In long-term evaluation, all the as-prepared TiO2 nanomaterials led to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a mechanism of renal fibrosis. Consistent with the short-term results, rutile induced the most serious EMT. This study indicated that the renal toxicity of 1D TiO2 nanomaterials is crystal phase-dependent and that rutile induced the most significant renal cell injury. Oxidative stress is a crucial but not the only contributor to the renal toxicity of TiO2 nanomaterials in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yukun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chen Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Daohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuchao Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongjiang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Liu X, Huang L, Qian K. Nanomaterial‐Based Electrochemical Sensors: Mechanism, Preparation, and Application in Biomedicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Division of Cardiology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Division of Cardiology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China
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13
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Sun S, Liu W, Yang J, Wang H, Qian K. Nanoparticle‐Assisted Cation Adduction and Fragmentation of Small Metabolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Wanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Hang Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
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14
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Sun S, Liu W, Yang J, Wang H, Qian K. Nanoparticle‐Assisted Cation Adduction and Fragmentation of Small Metabolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11310-11317. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Wanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Hang Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
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15
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Monti F, Manfredi G, Palamà IE, Kovtun A, Zangoli M, D'Amone S, Ortolani L, Bondelli G, Szreder T, Bobrowski K, D'Angelantonio M, Lanzani G, Di Maria F. Sterilization of Semiconductive Nanomaterials: The Case of Water-Suspended Poly-3-Hexylthiophene Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001306. [PMID: 33448138 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of sterilizing a water suspension of poly-3-hexylthiophene nanoparticles (P3HT-NPs) is investigated using ionizing radiation, either γ-rays or high-energy electrons (e-beam). It is found that regardless of the irradiation source, the size, polydispersity, aggregation stability, and morphology of the NPs are not affected by the treatment. Furthermore, the impact of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical properties of NPs at different absorbed radiation doses (10-25 kGy) and dose rates (kGy time-1 ) is evaluated through different spectroscopic techniques. The results indicate that delivering a high dose of radiations (25 kGy) at a high dose rate, that is, kGy s-1 , as achieved by e-beam irradiation, preserves the characteristics of the polymeric NPs. Differently, the same radiation dose but delivered at a lower dose rate, that is, kGy h-1 , as attained by using a γ-source, can modify the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Sterility tests indicate that an absorbed dose of 10 kGy, delivered either with γ-rays or e-beam, is already sufficient for effective sterilization of the colloidal suspension and for reducing the endotoxin content. Finally, NPs irradiated at different doses, exhibit the same cytocompatibility and cell internalization characteristics in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells of NPs prepared under aseptic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Monti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐ISOF via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Pascoli 70/3 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Ilaria Elena Palamà
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐Nanotec c/o Campus Ecotekne—Università del Salento, via Monteroni Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐ISOF via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Mattia Zangoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐ISOF via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Stefania D'Amone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐Nanotec c/o Campus Ecotekne—Università del Salento, via Monteroni Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Luca Ortolani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐IMM via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Gaia Bondelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Pascoli 70/3 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Tomasz Szreder
- Institute for Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Center of Radiation Research and Technology Dorodna 16 Warszawa 03‐195 Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bobrowski
- Institute for Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Center of Radiation Research and Technology Dorodna 16 Warszawa 03‐195 Poland
| | - Mila D'Angelantonio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐ISOF via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Pascoli 70/3 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Francesca Di Maria
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR‐ISOF via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
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16
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Optical Gain in Semiconducting Polymer Nano and Mesoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041138. [PMID: 33672710 PMCID: PMC7924374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of excited-states and charge-separated species was identified through UV and visible laser pump and visible/near-infrared probe femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in spin coated films of poly[N-9″-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) nanoparticles and mesoparticles. Optical gain in the mesoparticle films is observed after excitation at both 400 and 610 nm. In the mesoparticle film, charge generation after UV excitation appears after around 50 ps, but little is observed after visible pump excitation. In the nanoparticle film, as for a uniform film of the pure polymer, charge formation was efficiently induced by UV excitation pump, while excitation of the low energetic absorption states (at 610 nm) induces in the nanoparticle film a large optical gain region reducing the charge formation efficiency. It is proposed that the different intermolecular interactions and molecular order within the nanoparticles and mesoparticles are responsible for their markedly different photophysical behavior. These results therefore demonstrate the possibility of a hitherto unexplored route to stimulated emission in a conjugated polymer that has relatively undemanding film preparation requirements.
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