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Shan P, Ma L, Cheng J. Ternary superhydrides for high-temperature superconductivity at low pressures. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae003. [PMID: 38883288 PMCID: PMC11173189 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the ternary hydrides, the new hope of Room-Temperature Superconductivity, this perspective delves into the research background, highlights current challenges, and illuminates promising avenues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jinguang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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2
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Sun Y, Zhong X, Liu H, Ma Y. Clathrate metal superhydrides under high-pressure conditions: enroute to room-temperature superconductivity. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad270. [PMID: 38883291 PMCID: PMC11173197 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature superconductivity has been a long-held dream of mankind and a focus of considerable interest in the research field of superconductivity. Significant progress has recently been achieved in hydrogen-based superconductors found in superhydrides (hydrides with unexpectedly high hydrogen contents) that are stabilized under high-pressure conditions and are not capturable at ambient conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery of a class of best-ever-known superconductors in clathrate metal superhydrides that hold the record for high superconductivity (e.g. T c = 250-260 K for LaH10) among known superconductors and have great promise to be those that realize the long-sought room-temperature superconductivity. In these peculiar clathrate superhydrides, hydrogen forms unusual 'clathrate' cages containing encaged metal atoms, of which such a kind was first reported in a calcium hexa-superhydride (CaH6) showing a measured high T c of 215 K under a pressure of 170 GPa. In this review, we aim to offer an overview of the current status of research progress on the clathrate metal superhydride superconductors, discuss the superconducting mechanism and highlight the key features (e.g. structure motifs, bonding features, electronic structure, etc.) that govern the high-temperature superconductivity. Future research direction along this line to find room-temperature superconductors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Li X, Guo Z, Zhang X, Yang G. Layered Hydride LiH 4 with a Pressure-Insensitive Superconductivity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8257-8263. [PMID: 38662198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
For hydride superconductors, each significant advance is built upon the discovery of novel H-based structural units, which in turn push the understanding of the superconducting mechanism to new heights. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a metastable LiH4 with a wavy H layer composed of the edge-sharing pea-like H18 rings at high pressures. Unexpectedly, it exhibits pressure-insensitive superconductivity manifested by an extremely small pressure coefficient (dTc/dP) of 0.04 K/GPa. This feature is attributed to the slightly weakened electron-phonon coupling with pressure, caused by the reduced charge transfer from Li atoms to wavy H layers, significantly suppressing the substantial increase in the contribution of phonons to Tc. Its superconductivity originates from the strong coupling between the H 1s electrons and the high-frequency phonons associated with the H layer. Our study extends the list of H-based structural units and enhances the in-depth understanding of pressure-related superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Marqués M, Peña-Alvarez M, Martínez-Canales M, Ackland GJ. H 2 Chemical Bond in a High-Pressure Crystalline Environment. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:15523-15532. [PMID: 37583438 PMCID: PMC10424234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that the hydrogen in metal superhydride compounds can adopt two distinct states-atomic and molecular. At low pressures, the maximum number of atomic hydrogens is typically equal to the valency of the cation; additional hydrogens pair to form molecules with electronic states far below the Fermi energy causing low-symmetry structures with large unit cells. At high pressures, molecules become unstable, and all hydrogens become atomic. This study uses density functional theory, adopting BaH4 as a reference compound, which is compared with other stoichiometries and other cations. Increased temperature and zero-point motion also favor high-symmetry atomic states, and picosecond-timescale breaking and remaking of the bond permutations via intermediate H3- units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marqués
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
and School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
and School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Miguel Martínez-Canales
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
and School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Graeme J. Ackland
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
and School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
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Song Y, Bi J, Nakamoto Y, Shimizu K, Liu H, Zou B, Liu G, Wang H, Ma Y. Stoichiometric Ternary Superhydride LaBeH_{8} as a New Template for High-Temperature Superconductivity at 110 K under 80 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:266001. [PMID: 37450815 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.266001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The search for high-temperature superconducting superhydrides has recently moved into a new phase by going beyond extensively probed binary compounds and focusing on ternary ones with vastly expanded material types and configurations for property optimization. Theoretical and experimental works have revealed promising ternary compounds that superconduct at or above room temperature, but it remains a pressing challenge to synthesize stoichiometric ternary compounds with a well-resolved crystal structure that can host high-temperature superconductivity at submegabar pressures. Here, we report on the successful synthesis of ternary LaBeH_{8} obtained via compression in a diamond anvil cell under 110-130 GPa. X-ray diffraction unveils a rocksalt-like structure composing La and BeH_{8} units in the lattice. Transport measurements determined superconductivity with critical temperature T_{c} up to 110 K at 80 GPa, as evidenced by a sharp drop of resistivity to zero and a characteristic shift of T_{c} driven by a magnetic field. Our experiment establishes the first superconductive ternary compound with a resolved crystal structure. These findings raise the prospects of rational development of the class of high-T_{c} superhydrides among ternary compounds, opening greatly expanded and more diverse structural space for exploration and discovery of superhydrides with enhanced high-T_{c} superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggang Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkai Bi
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuki Nakamoto
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Katsuya Shimizu
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guangtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Villa-Cortés S, Olea-Amezcua MA, De la Peña-Seaman O. A first-principles study of theoretical superconductivity on RbH by doping without applied pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:475501. [PMID: 36174547 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac965e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, lattice dynamics, electron-phonon (el-ph) coupling, and superconducting (SC) properties of the alkali-metal hydride RbH, metallized through electron-doping by the construction of the solid-solution Rb1-xSrxH, are systematically analyzed as a function of Sr-content within the framework of density functional perturbation and Migdal-Eliashberg theories, taking into account the effect of zero-point energy contribution by the quasi-harmonic approximation. For the entire studied range of Sr-content, steady increments of the el-ph coupling constant and the SC critical temperature are found with progressive alkaline-earth metal content through electron-doping, reaching the values ofλ = 1.92 andTc=51.3(66.1)K withμ∗= 0.1(0). The steady rise of such quantities as a function of Sr-content is consequence of the metallization of the hydride as an increase of density of states at the Fermi level is observed, as well as the softening of the phonon spectrum, mainly coming from H-optical modes. Our results indicate that electron-doping on metal-hydrides is an encouraging alternative to look for superconductivity without applied pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Villa-Cortés
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M A Olea-Amezcua
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Audiovisuales, Vía Atlixcáyotl No. 2499, 72810 Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - O De la Peña-Seaman
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, México
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Ding S, Yan X, Bergara A, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang G. Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in 2D Fe 2H with a High Curie Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44745-44752. [PMID: 36130179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of ferromagnetic materials is crucial for the development of spintronic devices. Using first-principles structural search calculations, we have identified 73 two-dimensional transition metal hydrides. Some of them show interesting magnetic properties, even when combined with the characteristics of the electrides. In particular, the P3̅m1 Fe2H monolayer is stabilized in a 1T-MoS2-type structure with a local magnetic moment of 3 μB per Fe atom, whose robust ferromagnetism is attributed to the exchange interaction between neighboring Fe atoms within and between sublayers, leading to a remarkably high Curie temperature of 340 K. On the other hand, it has a large magnetic anisotropic energy and spin-polarization ratio. Interestingly, the above room-temperature ferromagnetism of the Fe2H monolayer is well preserved within a biaxial strain of 5%. The structure and electron property of surface-functionalized Fe2H are also explored. All of these interesting properties make the Fe2H monolayer an attractive candidate for spintronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Aitor Bergara
- Departamento de Física, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Bergara A, Yang G. Superconducting Li 10Se electride under pressure. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194112. [PMID: 35597635 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a compound with interesting multiple coexisting states, such as electride, metallicity, and superconductivity, is of great interest in basic research and practical application. Pressure has become an effective way to realize high-temperature superconductivity in hydrides, whereas most electrides are semiconducting or insulating at high pressure. Here, we have applied swarm-intelligence structural search to identify a hitherto unknown C2/m Li10Se electride that is superconducting at high pressure. More interestingly, Li10Se is estimated to exhibit the highest Tc value of 16 K at 50 GPa, which is the lowest pressure among Li-based chalcogen electrides. This superconducting transition is dominated by Se-related low frequency vibration modes. The increasing electronic occupation of the Se 4d orbital and the decreasing amount of interstitial anion electrons with pressure heighten their coupling with low-frequency phonons, which is responsible for the enhancement of the Tc value. The finding of Li-based chalcogen superconducting electrides provides a reference for the realization of other superconducting electrides at lower pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Aitor Bergara
- Departamento de Física, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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