1
|
Hosseinzadeh Sahafi O, Sardari M, Alijanpour S, Rezayof A. Shared Mechanisms of GABAergic and Opioidergic Transmission Regulate Corticolimbic Reward Systems and Cognitive Aspects of Motivational Behaviors. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050815. [PMID: 37239287 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional interplay between the corticolimbic GABAergic and opioidergic systems plays a crucial role in regulating the reward system and cognitive aspects of motivational behaviors leading to the development of addictive behaviors and disorders. This review provides a summary of the shared mechanisms of GABAergic and opioidergic transmission, which modulate the activity of dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the central hub of the reward mechanisms. This review comprehensively covers the neuroanatomical and neurobiological aspects of corticolimbic inhibitory neurons that express opioid receptors, which act as modulators of corticolimbic GABAergic transmission. The presence of opioid and GABA receptors on the same neurons allows for the modulation of the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, which plays a key role in the reward mechanisms of the brain. This colocalization of receptors and their immunochemical markers can provide a comprehensive understanding for clinicians and researchers, revealing the neuronal circuits that contribute to the reward system. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of GABAergic transmission-induced neuroplasticity under the modulation of opioid receptors. It discusses their interactive role in reinforcement learning, network oscillation, aversive behaviors, and local feedback or feedforward inhibitions in reward mechanisms. Understanding the shared mechanisms of these systems may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for addiction, reward-related disorders, and drug-induced cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oveis Hosseinzadeh Sahafi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6465, Iran
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maryam Sardari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6465, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous 4971799151, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6465, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sayson LV, Ortiz DM, Lee HJ, Kim M, Custodio RJP, Yun J, Lee CH, Lee YS, Cha HJ, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. Deletion of Cryab increases the vulnerability of mice to the addiction-like effects of the cannabinoid JWH-018 via upregulation of striatal NF-κB expression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135929. [PMID: 37007015 PMCID: PMC10060981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids have exhibited unpredictable abuse liabilities, especially self-administration (SA) responses in normal rodent models, despite seemingly inducing addiction-like effects in humans. Thus, an efficient pre-clinical model must be developed to determine cannabinoid abuse potential in animals and describe the mechanism that may mediate cannabinoid sensitivity. The Cryab knockout (KO) mice were recently discovered to be potentially sensitive to the addictive effects of psychoactive drugs. Herein, we examined the responses of Cryab KO mice to JWH-018 using SA, conditioned place preference, and electroencephalography. Additionally, the effects of repeated JWH-018 exposure on endocannabinoid- and dopamine-related genes in various addiction-associated brain regions were examined, along with protein expressions involving neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Cryab KO mice exhibited greater cannabinoid-induced SA responses and place preference, along with divergent gamma wave alterations, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, implying their higher sensitivity to cannabinoids. Endocannabinoid- or dopamine-related mRNA expressions and accumbal dopamine concentrations after repeated JWH-018 exposure were not significantly different between the WT and Cryab KO mice. Further analyses revealed that repeated JWH-018 administration led to possibly greater neuroinflammation in Cryab KO mice, which may arise from upregulated NF-κB, accompanied by higher expressions of synaptic plasticity markers, which might have contributed to the development of cannabinoid addiction-related behavior in Cryab KO mice. These findings signify that increased neuroinflammation via NF-κB may mediate the enhanced addiction-like responses of Cryab KO mice to cannabinoids. Altogether, Cryab KO mice may be a potential model for cannabinoid abuse susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Perez Custodio
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors—IfADo, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam–do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hoon Cheong, ; Hee Jin Kim,
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hoon Cheong, ; Hee Jin Kim,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manz KM, Zepeda JC, Zurawski Z, Hamm HE, Grueter BA. SNAP25 differentially contributes to G i/o-coupled receptor function at glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1165261. [PMID: 37206665 PMCID: PMC10188356 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1165261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) guides reward-related motivated behavior implicated in pathological behavioral states, including addiction and depression. These behaviors depend on the precise neuromodulatory actions of Gi/o-coupled G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at glutamatergic synapses onto medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). Previous work has shown that discrete classes of Gi/o-coupled GPCR mobilize Gβγ to inhibit vesicular neurotransmitter release via t-SNARE protein, SNAP25. However, it remains unknown which Gαi/o systems in the NAc utilize Gβγ-SNARE signaling to dampen glutamatergic transmission. Utilizing patch-clamp electrophysiology and pharmacology in a transgenic mouse line with a C-terminal three-residue deletion of SNAP25 (SNAP25Δ3) weaking the Gβγ-SNARE interaction, we surveyed a broad cohort of Gi/o-coupled GPCRs with robust inhibitory actions at glutamatergic synapses in the NAc. We find that basal presynaptic glutamate release probability is reduced in SNAP25Δ3 mice. While κ opioid, CB1, adenosine A1, group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, and histamine H3 receptors inhibit glutamatergic transmission onto MSNs independent of SNAP25, we report that SNAP25 contributes significantly to the actions of GABAB, 5-HT1B/D, and μ opioid receptors. These findings demonstrate that presynaptic Gi/o-coupled GPCRs recruit heterogenous effector mechanisms at glutamatergic synapses in the NAc, with a subset requiring SNA25-dependent Gβγ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Manz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - José C. Zepeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zack Zurawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Heidi E. Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Brad A. Grueter,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu JL, Sun JT, Hu HL, Wang HY, Kang YX, Chen TQ, Chen ZH, Shang YX, Li YT, Hu B, Liu R. Structural and Functional Neural Alterations in Internet Addiction: A Study Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:69-74. [PMID: 36721888 PMCID: PMC9890045 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain structural and functional alterations in subjects with internet addiction (IA), however, with conflicting conclusions. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), to reach a consolidated conclusion and point out the future direction in this field. A comprehensive search of rsFC and VBM studies of IA will be conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to August 2021. If the extracted data are feasible, activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping methods will be used to meta-analyze the brain structural and functional changes in IA patients. This study will hopefully reach a consolidated conclusion on the impact of IA on human brain or point out the future direction in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Liu
- Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Ting Sun
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Lin Hu
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yun-Xi Kang
- Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- Institution of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rezaei Z, Alaei H, Reisi P. Effects of electrical stimulation and temporary inactivation of basolateral amygdala on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 774:136519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Zinsmaier AK, Dong Y, Huang YH. Cocaine-induced projection-specific and cell type-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:669-686. [PMID: 33963288 PMCID: PMC8691189 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are mediated, in part, by cocaine-induced adaptive changes in the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) integrates and prioritizes different emotional and motivational inputs to the reward system by processing convergent glutamatergic projections from the medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, and other limbic and paralimbic brain regions. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the principal projection neurons in the NAc, which can be divided into two major subpopulations, namely dopamine receptor D1- versus D2-expressing MSNs, with complementing roles in reward-associated behaviors. After cocaine experience, NAc MSNs exhibit complex and differential adaptations dependent on cocaine regimen, withdrawal time, cell type, location (NAc core versus shell), and related input and output projections, or any combination of these factors. Detailed characterization of these cellular adaptations has been greatly facilitated by the recent development of optogenetic/chemogenetic techniques combined with transgenic tools. In this review, we discuss such cell type- and projection-specific adaptations induced by cocaine experience. Specifically, (1) D1 and D2 NAc MSNs frequently exhibit differential adaptations in spinogenesis, glutamatergic receptor trafficking, and intrinsic membrane excitability, (2) cocaine experience differentially changes the synaptic transmission at different afferent projections onto NAc MSNs, (3) cocaine-induced NAc adaptations exhibit output specificity, e.g., being different at NAc-ventral pallidum versus NAc-ventral tegmental area synapses, and (4) the input, output, subregion, and D1/D2 cell type may together determine cocaine-induced circuit plasticity in the NAc. In light of the projection- and cell-type specificity, we also briefly discuss ensemble and circuit mechanisms contributing to cocaine craving and relapse after drug withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Yanhua H. Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kappa opioid receptor modulation of excitatory drive onto nucleus accumbens fast-spiking interneurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2340-2349. [PMID: 34400782 PMCID: PMC8581025 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) contributes to affective states. Parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons (PV-FSIs), a key component of feedforward inhibition, participate in integration of excitatory inputs to the NAc by robustly inhibiting select populations of medium spiny output neurons, therefore greatly influencing NAc dependent behavior. How the dynorphin/KOR system regulates feedforward inhibition in the NAc remains unknown. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms of KOR inhibition of excitatory transmission onto NAc PV-FSIs using a combination of whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, optogenetics, pharmacology, and a parvalbumin reporter mouse. We find that postsynaptic KOR stimulation induces long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synapses onto PV-FSI by stimulating the endocytosis of AMPARs via a PKA and calcineurin-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, KOR regulation of PV-FSI synapses are input specific, inhibiting thalamic but not cortical inputs. Finally, following acute stress, a protocol known to elevate dynorphin/KOR signaling in the NAc, KOR agonists no longer inhibit excitatory transmission onto PV-FSI. In conclusion, we delineate pathway-specific mechanisms mediating KOR control of feedforward inhibitory circuits in the NAc and provide evidence for the recruitment of this system in response to stress.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moran SP, Maksymetz J, Conn PJ. Targeting Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors for the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1006-1020. [PMID: 31711626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) play important roles in regulating complex behaviors such as cognition, movement, and reward, making them ideally situated as potential drug targets for the treatment of several brain disorders. Recent advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mAChRs has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mAChR subtypes in the brain. Recently, mAChR allosteric modulators have entered clinical development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia, and have potential utility for other brain disorders. However, mAChR allosteric modulators can display a diverse array of pharmacological properties, and a more nuanced understanding of the mAChR will be necessary to best translate preclinical findings into successful clinical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Moran
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Joffe ME, Santiago CI, Engers JL, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 gates acute stress-induced dysregulation of amygdalo-cortical function. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:916-927. [PMID: 29269844 PMCID: PMC6013320 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stress can precipitate or worsen symptoms of many psychiatric disorders by dysregulating glutamatergic function within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Previous studies suggest that antagonists of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3) reduce stress-induced anhedonia through actions in the PFC, but the mechanisms by which these receptors act are not known. We now report that activation of mGlu3 induces long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory transmission in the PFC at inputs from the basolateral amygdala. Our data suggest mGlu3-LTD is mediated by postsynaptic AMPAR internalization in PFC pyramidal cells, and we observed a profound impairment in mGlu3-LTD following a single, 20-min restraint stress exposure. Finally, blocking mGlu3 activation in vivo prevented the stress-induced maladaptive changes to amydalo-cortical physiology and motivated behavior. These data demonstrate that mGlu3 mediates stress-induced physiological and behavioral impairments and further support the potential for mGlu3 modulation as a treatment for stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Joffe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chiaki I. Santiago
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Julie L. Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Correspondence to: P. Jeffrey Conn, Ph.D., Lee E. Limbird Professor of Pharmacology, Director, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1205 Light Hall Nashville, TN 37232-0697, Tel. (615) 936-2478, Fax. (615) 343-3088,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koelle MR. Neurotransmitter signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins: insights from studies in C. elegans. WORMBOOK : THE ONLINE REVIEW OF C. ELEGANS BIOLOGY 2018; 2018:1-52. [PMID: 26937633 PMCID: PMC5010795 DOI: 10.1895/wormbook.1.75.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters signal via G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate activity of neurons and muscles. C. elegans has ∼150 G protein coupled neuropeptide receptor homologs and 28 additional GPCRs for small-molecule neurotransmitters. Genetic studies in C. elegans demonstrate that neurotransmitters diffuse far from their release sites to activate GPCRs on distant cells. Individual receptor types are expressed on limited numbers of cells and thus can provide very specific regulation of an individual neural circuit and behavior. G protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors signal principally via the three types of heterotrimeric G proteins defined by the G alpha subunits Gαo, Gαq, and Gαs. Each of these G alpha proteins is found in all neurons plus some muscles. Gαo and Gαq signaling inhibit and activate neurotransmitter release, respectively. Gαs signaling, like Gαq signaling, promotes neurotransmitter release. Many details of the signaling mechanisms downstream of Gαq and Gαs have been delineated and are consistent with those of their mammalian orthologs. The details of the signaling mechanism downstream of Gαo remain a mystery. Forward genetic screens in C. elegans have identified new molecular components of neural G protein signaling mechanisms, including Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS proteins) that inhibit signaling, a new Gαq effector (the Trio RhoGEF domain), and the RIC-8 protein that is required for neuronal Gα signaling. A model is presented in which G proteins sum up the variety of neuromodulator signals that impinge on a neuron to calculate its appropriate output level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Koelle
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gómez-Coronado N, Sethi R, Bortolasci CC, Arancini L, Berk M, Dodd S. A review of the neurobiological underpinning of comorbid substance use and mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:388-401. [PMID: 30145509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that substance use disorders and other mental disorders may have shared biological mechanisms. However, the neurobiological basis of this comorbidity remains only partially explained. This review describes the historical evolution of the dual disorders concept and approach, and reviews the existing literature on neurobiological findings specifically regarding comorbid substance use and mood disorders. METHODS Searches were conducted using PubMed and Scopus in December 2017. A Boolean search was performed using combinations of "dual diagnosis" or "dual disorder" or "depression" or "bipolar" or "affective disorder" or "mood disorder" and "substance use" or "substance abuse" and "neurobiology" or "functional neuroimaging" or "genetics" or "neurotransmitters" or "neuroendocrinology" in the title or abstract, or as keywords, using no language restriction. RESULTS 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found robust evidence for involvement of the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA and glutamate and their receptors, as well as by the central corticotrophin-releasing hormone, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies focusing on neuroimaging and genetics have not shown consistent results. LIMITATIONS Only two search tools were used; most identified studies excluded the population of interest (comorbid mood and substance abuse disorders). CONCLUSIONS The neurobiological relevance for the occurrence of comorbid mood and substance abuse disorders has not been fully elucidated. Considering the high levels of individuals who experience comorbidity in these areas as well as the negative associated outcomes, this is clearly an area that requires further in-depth investigation. Furthermore, findings from this area can help to inform drug abuse prevention and intervention efforts, and especially how they relate to populations with psychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Gómez-Coronado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital San Agustín ORL, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rickinder Sethi
- London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Chiara Cristina Bortolasci
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Arancini
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Joffe ME, Turner BD, Delpire E, Grueter BA. Genetic loss of GluN2B in D1-expressing cell types enhances long-term cocaine reward and potentiation of thalamo-accumbens synapses. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2383-2389. [PMID: 29982266 PMCID: PMC6180117 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient upregulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (R) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is proposed as an intermediate to long-term AMPAR plasticity associated with persistent cocaine-related behaviors. However, cell type- and input-specific contributions of GluN2B underlying lasting actions of cocaine remain to be elucidated. We utilized GluN2B cell type-specific knockouts and optogenetics to deconstruct the role of GluN2B in cocaine-induced NAc synaptic and behavioral plasticity. While reward learning was unaffected, loss of GluN2B in D1 dopamine receptor-expressing cells (D1) led to prolonged retention of reward memory. In control mice, prefrontal cortex (PFC)-D1(+) NAc AMPAR function was unaffected by cocaine exposure, while midline thalamus (mThal)-D1(+) NAc AMPAR function was potentiated but diminished after withdrawal. In D1-GluN2B-/- mice, the potentiation of mThal-D1(+) NAc AMPAR function persisted following withdrawal, corresponding with continued expression of cocaine reward behavior. These data suggest NAc GluN2B-containing NMDARs serve a feedback role and may weaken reward-related memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Joffe
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Brandon D. Turner
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Turner BD, Kashima DT, Manz KM, Grueter CA, Grueter BA. Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens: Lessons Learned from Experience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2114-2126. [PMID: 29280617 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity contributes to behavioral adaptations. As a key node in the reward pathway, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is important for determining motivation-to-action outcomes. Across animal models of motivation including addiction, depression, anxiety, and hedonic feeding, selective recruitment of neuromodulatory signals and plasticity mechanisms have been a focus of physiologists and behaviorists alike. Experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms within the NAc vary depending on the distinct afferents and cell-types over time. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms determining how these changes in synaptic strength track with behavioral adaptations will provide insight into the process of learning and memory along with identifying maladaptations underlying pathological behavior. Here, we summarize recent findings detailing how changes in NAc synaptic strength and mechanisms of plasticity manifest in various models of motivational disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Turner
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel T. Kashima
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kevin M. Manz
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie A. Grueter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Joffe ME, Centanni SW, Jaramillo AA, Winder DG, Conn PJ. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorder: Physiology, Plasticity, and Promising Pharmacotherapies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2188-2204. [PMID: 29792024 PMCID: PMC6192262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficacious treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has proven difficult. The insidious nature of the disease necessitates a deep understanding of its underlying biology as well as innovative approaches to ameliorate ethanol-related pathophysiology. Excessive ethanol seeking and relapse are generated by long-term changes to membrane properties, synaptic physiology, and plasticity throughout the limbic system and associated brain structures. Each of these factors can be modulated by metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a diverse set of G protein-coupled receptors highly expressed throughout the central nervous system. Here, we discuss how different components of the mGlu receptor family modulate neurotransmission in the limbic system and other brain regions involved in AUD etiology. We then describe how these processes are dysregulated following ethanol exposure and speculate about how mGlu receptor modulation might restore such pathophysiological changes. To that end, we detail the current understanding of the behavioral pharmacology of mGlu receptor-directed drug-like molecules in animal models of AUD. Together, this review highlights the prominent position of the mGlu receptor system in the pathophysiology of AUD and provides encouragement that several classes of mGlu receptor modulators may be translated as viable treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Joffe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
| | - Samuel W. Centanni
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Anel A. Jaramillo
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Danny G. Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Turner BD, Rook JM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Grueter BA. mGlu 1 and mGlu 5 modulate distinct excitatory inputs to the nucleus accumbens shell. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2075-2082. [PMID: 29654259 PMCID: PMC6097986 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) is a substrate for reward learning and motivation. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors regulate NAcSh synaptic strength by inducing long-term depression (LTD). Inputs from prefrontal cortex (PFC) and medio-dorsal thalamus (MDT) drive opposing motivated behaviors yet mGlu receptor regulation of these synapses is unexplored. We examined Group I mGlu receptor regulation of PFC and MDT glutamatergic synapses onto specific populations of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) using D1tdTom BAC transgenic mice and optogenetics. Synaptically evoked long-term depression (LTD) at MDT-NAcSh synapses required mGlu5 but not mGlu1 and was specific for D1(+) MSNs, whereas PFC LTD was expressed at both D1(+) and D1(-) MSNs and required mGlu1 but not mGlu5. Two weeks after five daily non-contingent cocaine exposures (15 mg/kg), LTD was attenuated at MDT-D1(+) synapses but was rescued by the mGlu5-positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0409551. These results highlight unique plasticity mechanisms regulating specific NAcSh synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Turner
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Jerri M. Rook
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Dept. of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahna D, Puri S, Sharma S. DNA methylation signatures: Biomarkers of drug and alcohol abuse. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency alters nucleus accumbens synaptic physiology and drug reward behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8865-8870. [PMID: 28760987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705974114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral manifestations of drug-seeking behavior are causally linked to alterations of synaptic strength onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSN). Although neuron-driven changes in physiology and behavior are well characterized, there is a lack of knowledge of the role of the immune system in mediating such effects. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system, and evidence suggests that it modulates drug-related behavior. Using TLR4 knockout (TLR4.KO) mice, we show that TLR4 plays a role in NAc synaptic physiology and behavior. In addition to differences in the pharmacological profile of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in the NAc core, TLR4.KO animals exhibit a deficit in low-frequency stimulation-induced NMDAR-dependent long-term depression (LTD). Interestingly, the synaptic difference is region specific as no differences were found in excitatory synaptic properties in the NAc shell. Consistent with altered NAc LTD, TLR4.KO animals exhibit an attenuation in drug reward learning. Finally, we show that TLR4 in the NAc core is primarily expressed on microglia. These results suggest that TLR4 influences NAc MSN synaptic physiology and drug reward learning and behavior.
Collapse
|
18
|
Castelli V, Brancato A, Cavallaro A, Lavanco G, Cannizzaro C. Homer2 and Alcohol: A Mutual Interaction. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:268. [PMID: 29249995 PMCID: PMC5714871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades of data derived from addicted individuals and preclinical animal models of addiction implicate a role for the excitatory glutamatergic transmission within the mesolimbic structures in alcoholism. The cellular localization of the glutamatergic receptor subtypes, as well as their signaling efficiency and function, are highly dependent upon discrete functional constituents of the postsynaptic density, including the Homer family of scaffolding proteins. The consequences of repeated alcohol administration on the expression of the Homer family proteins demonstrate a crucial and active role, particularly for the expression of Homer2 isoform, in regulating alcohol-induced behavioral and cellular neuroplasticity. The interaction between Homer2 and alcohol can be defined as a mutual relation: alcohol consumption enhances the expression of Homer2 protein isoform within the nucleus accumbens and the extended amygdala, cerebral areas where, in turn, Homer2 is able to mediate the development of the "pro-alcoholic" behavioral phenotype, as a consequence of the morpho-functional synaptic adaptations. Such findings are relevant for the detection of the strategic molecular components that prompt alcohol-induced functional and behavioral disarrangement as targets for future innovative treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Castelli
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Cavallaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joffe ME, Grueter BA. Cocaine Experience Enhances Thalamo-Accumbens N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Function. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:671-681. [PMID: 27209241 PMCID: PMC5050082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excitatory synaptic transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key biological substrate underlying behavioral responses to psychostimulants and susceptibility to relapse. Studies have demonstrated that cocaine induces changes in glutamatergic signaling at distinct inputs to the NAc. However, consequences of cocaine experience on synaptic transmission from the midline nuclei of the thalamus (mThal) to the NAc have yet to be reported. METHODS To examine synapses from specific NAc core inputs, we recorded light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents following viral-mediated expression of channelrhodopsin-2 in the mThal, prefrontal cortex (PFC), or basolateral amygdala from acute brain slices. To identify NAc medium spiny neuron subtypes, we used mice expressing tdTomato driven by the promoter for dopamine receptor subtype 1 (D1). We recorded N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) properties to evaluate synaptic adaptations induced by cocaine experience, a 5-day cocaine exposure followed by 2 weeks of abstinence. RESULTS Excitatory inputs to the NAc core displayed differential NMDAR properties, and cocaine experience uniquely altered AMPAR and NMDAR properties at mThal-D1(+), mThal-D1(-), and PFC-D1(+) synapses, but not at PFC-D1(-) synapses. Finally, at mThal-D1(+) synapses, cocaine enhanced GluN2C/D function and NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify contrasting cocaine-induced AMPAR and NMDAR modifications at mThal-NAc and PFC-NAc core synapses. These changes include an enhancement of NMDAR function and plasticity at mThal-D1(+) synapses. Incorporation of GluN2C/D-containing NMDARs most likely underlies these phenomena and represents a potential therapeutic target for psychostimulant use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E Joffe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Department ofAnesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department ofPsychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baracz SJ, Cornish JL. The neurocircuitry involved in oxytocin modulation of methamphetamine addiction. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:1-18. [PMID: 27546878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxytocin in attenuating the abuse of licit and illicit drugs, including the psychostimulant methamphetamine, has been examined with increased ferocity in recent years. This is largely driven by the potential application of oxytocin as a pharmacotherapy. However, the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin modulates methamphetamine abuse are not well understood. Recent research identified an important role for the accumbens core and subthalamic nucleus in this process, which likely involves an interaction with dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and vasopressin. In addition to providing an overview of methamphetamine, the endogenous oxytocin system, and the effects of exogenous oxytocin on drug abuse, we propose a neural circuit through which exogenous oxytocin modulates methamphetamine abuse, focusing on its interaction with neurochemicals within the accumbens core and subthalamic nucleus. A growing understanding of exogenous oxytocin effects at a neurochemical and neurobiological level will assist in its evaluation as a pharmacotherapy for drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Baracz
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Cornish
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The Internet is increasingly influential in the lives of adolescents. Although there are many positives, there are also risks related to excessive use and addiction. It is important to recognize clinical signs and symptoms of Internet addiction (compulsive use, withdrawal, tolerance, and adverse consequences), treat comorbid conditions (other substance use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, and hostility), and initiate psychosocial interventions. More research on this topic will help to provide consensus on diagnostic criteria and further clarify optimal management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray Chih-Jui Hsiao
- Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Mailstop OA.5.154, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joffe ME, Vitter SR, Grueter BA. GluN1 deletions in D1- and A2A-expressing cell types reveal distinct modes of behavioral regulation. Neuropharmacology 2016; 112:172-180. [PMID: 27012890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are profound regulators of glutamate neurotransmission and behavior. To coordinate components of the limbic system, the dorsal and ventral striatum integrate cognitive and emotional information towards the execution of complex behaviors. Striatal outflow is conveyed by medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which can be dichotomized by expression of dopamine receptor subtype 1 (D1) or adenosine receptor subtype 2A (A2A). To examine how striatal NMDAR function modulates reward-related behaviors, we generated D1- and A2A-specific genetic deletions of the obligatory GluN1 subunit. Interestingly, we observed no differences in any GluN1-/- genotype in reward learning as assessed by acquisition or extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Control and A2A-GluN-/- mice exhibited robust cocaine-primed reinstatement, however this behavior was markedly absent in D1-GluN-/- mice. Interestingly, dual D1-/A2A-GluN-/- mice displayed an intermediate reinstatement phenotype. Next, we examined models of exploration, anxiety, and despair, states often associated with relapse to addiction-related behavior, to determine NMDAR contribution in D1 and A2A cell types to these behaviors. D1-GluN1-/- mice displayed aberrant exploratory locomotion in a novel environment, but the phenotype was absent in dual D1/A2A-GluN1-/- mice. In contrast A2A-GluN1-/- mice displayed a despair-resistant phenotype, and this phenotype persisted in dual D1/A2A-GluN-/- mice. These data support the hypothesis that cell type-specific NMDAR signaling regulates separable behavioral outcomes related to locomotion, despair, and relapse. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Ionotropic glutamate receptors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E Joffe
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Brad A Grueter
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phillips TJ, Shabani S. An animal model of differential genetic risk for methamphetamine intake. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:327. [PMID: 26441502 PMCID: PMC4585292 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether genetic factors contribute to risk for methamphetamine (MA) use and dependence has not been intensively investigated. Compared to human populations, genetic animal models offer the advantages of control over genetic family history and drug exposure. Using selective breeding, we created lines of mice that differ in genetic risk for voluntary MA intake and identified the chromosomal addresses of contributory genes. A quantitative trait locus was identified on chromosome 10 that accounts for more than 50% of the genetic variance in MA intake in the selected mouse lines. In addition, behavioral and physiological screening identified differences corresponding with risk for MA intake that have generated hypotheses that are testable in humans. Heightened sensitivity to aversive and certain physiological effects of MA, such as MA-induced reduction in body temperature, are hallmarks of mice bred for low MA intake. Furthermore, unlike MA-avoiding mice, MA-preferring mice are sensitive to rewarding and reinforcing MA effects, and to MA-induced increases in brain extracellular dopamine levels. Gene expression analyses implicate the importance of a network enriched in transcription factor genes, some of which regulate the mu opioid receptor gene, Oprm1, in risk for MA use. Neuroimmune factors appear to play a role in differential response to MA between the mice bred for high and low intake. In addition, chromosome 10 candidate gene studies provide strong support for a trace amine-associated receptor 1 gene, Taar1, polymorphism in risk for MA intake. MA is a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist, and a non-functional Taar1 allele segregates with high MA consumption. Thus, reduced TAAR1 function has the potential to increase risk for MA use. Overall, existing findings support the MA drinking lines as a powerful model for identifying genetic factors involved in determining risk for harmful MA use. Future directions include the development of a binge model of MA intake, examining the effect of withdrawal from chronic MA on MA intake, and studying potential Taar1 gene × gene and gene × environment interactions. These and other studies are intended to improve our genetic model with regard to its translational value to human addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Phillips
- VA Portland Health Care System Portland, OR, USA ; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lelevich VV, Vinitskaya AG, Lelevich SV, Sarana YV, Doroshenko EM. The effects of discontinuous morphine intoxication on the pools of neuroactive amino acids and biogenic amines in brain regions. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241503006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|