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Wang R, Li J, Xu C, Xu X, Tang F, Huang M. Integrating reverse osmosis and forward osmosis (RO-FO) for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment: impact of FO on water recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92495-92506. [PMID: 37491487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) alone has low water recovery efficiency because of membrane fouling and limited operating pressure. In this study, a combined reverse osmosis-forward osmosis (RO-FO) process was used for the first time to improve the water recovery efficiency of secondary effluent in printing and dyeing wastewater. The effects of operating pressure and pH on water recovery and removal efficiency of RO-FO were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were an operating pressure of 1.5 MPa and a feed solution pH of 9.0. Under optimal operating conditions, most of the organic and inorganic substances in the wastewater can be removed, and the rejection of total organic carbon (TOC), Sb, Ca, and K were 98.7, 99.3, 97.0, and 92.7%, respectively. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis indicated that two components (tryptophan and tyrosine) in the influent were effectively rejected by the hybrid process. The maximum water recovery (Rw, max) could reach 95%, which was higher than the current single RO process (75%). This research provided a feasible strategy to effectively recover water from printing and dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fengchen Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Manhong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Ferby M, Zou S, He Z. Effects of draw solutes on an integrated forward osmosis-Microbial fuel cell system treating a synthetic wastewater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10802. [PMID: 36333995 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and forward osmosis (FO) are both attractive and versatile wastewater treatment technologies that possess disadvantageous qualities that prevent their optimal performance. This study aimed to investigate how draw solute selection for FO treatment would affect MFC performance in a coupled FO-MFC system. Two types of draw solutes, NH4 HCO3 and NaCl, were studied, and it was found that 1.0 M NH4 HCO3 (FO-MFC-A) and 0.68 M NaCl (FO-MFC-B) had similar water fluxes of 6.04 to 3.39 LMH and 6.25 to 3.54 LMH, respectively. The reverse salt flux from the draw decreased the feed solution resistance for both draw solutes, but the FO-MFC-A system (0.32 W m-2 ) had a higher maximum power density than the FO-MFC-B system (0.26 W m-2 ). The current density for the FO-MFC-B system increased due to continuous solution resistance decrease, whereas it remained constant for the FO-MFC-A. The difference in Coulombic efficiencies (32.8% vs. 25.6%) but similar Coulombic recoveries (10.2% vs. 11.4%) between the FO-MFC-A and FO-MFC-B systems suggested that the FO-MFC-A might have the inhibited microbial activity by high ammonium/ammonia. The FO-MFC-A system had the lower energy consumption for nutrient removal (2.01 kWh kg-1 NH4 + -N) and recovery (8.87 kWh kg-1 NH4 + -N). These results have shown that NH4 HCO3 as a draw solute can have advantages of higher power density, higher Coulombic efficiency, and recoverability for draw regeneration, but its potential inhibition on microbial activity must also be considered. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Forward osmosis can be connected to microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment. Water recovery by forward osmosis can greatly reduce the wastewater volume to microbial fuel cells. Ammonium draw solutes can result in lower volumetric energy consumption. Ammonia inhabitation of anode microbes will decrease organic removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ferby
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shiqiang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Wu S, An Y, Lu J, Yu Q, He Z. EDTA-Na 2 as a recoverable draw solute for water extraction in forward osmosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112521. [PMID: 34902380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration and reuse of draw solute (DS) is a key challenge in the application of forward osmosis (FO) technologies. Herein, EDTA-Na2 was studied as a recoverable DS for water extraction by taking advantages of its pH-responsive property. The FO system using EDTA DS achieved a higher water flux of 2.22 ± 0.06 L m-2 h-1 and a significantly lower reverse salt flux (RSF) of 0.06 ± 0.01 g m-2 h-1, compared to that with NaCl DS having either the same DS concentration or the same Na+ concentration. The suitable pH range for the application of EDTA DS was between 4.0 and 10.5. A simple recovery method via combined pH adjustment and microfiltration was employed to recover EDTA DS and could achieve the recovery efficiency (at pH 2) of 96.26 ± 0.48%, 97.13 ± 1.03% and 98.56 ± 1.40% by using H2SO4, H3PO4 and HCl, respectively. The lowest acid cost for DS recovery was estimated from 0.0012 ± 0.0001 to 0.0162 ± 0.0003 $ g-1 by using H2SO4. The recovered EDTA DS could be reused in the subsequent FO operation and the overall recovery efficiency was 94.4% for four reuse cycles. These results have demonstrated the feasible of EDTA-Na2 DS and a potentially cost-effective recovery approach, and encouraged further exploration of using EDTA-based compounds as a draw solute for FO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | - Ying An
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Enhancing ammonium rejection in forward osmosis for wastewater treatment by minimizing cation exchange. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karunakaran A, Mungray AA, Garg MC. Effects of temperature, pH, feed, and fertilizer draw solution concentrations on the performance of forward osmosis process for textile wastewater treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2329-2340. [PMID: 34216398 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water is crucial for enhancing the yield of agricultural land to meet the growing demand. Forward osmosis (FO) is a developing technology that utilizes the natural osmotic gradient of solutions. In this study, fertilizer drawn FO setup was considered by using potassium chloride (KCl) as the draw solution (DS) for treating textile wastewater as the feed solution (FS). This study investigated the effects of FS temperature, pH, and FS and DS concentrations. The performance investigation involved the study in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and specific reverse salt flux. DS and FS properties, osmotic potential, and temperature played a vital role in the performance. At 30°C FS temperature, the highest water flux (5.5 LMH) was observed. Reverse salt flux increased due to the increase in solute diffusivity. The highest value of water flux was obtained at a DS of 1.150 M and FS of 1000 mg/L. The permeation of water improved due to the difference in DS and FS concentrations at pH values above 7. The results of this study suggest that KCl as DS has a higher potential for the treatment of textile wastewater at a temperature of 30°C. Additionally, the functional groups attached to the FO membrane were identified through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Treatment of textile wastewater with the use of fertilizer draw solution (KCl) by forward osmosis process as carried out. The performance was assessed in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and specific reverse salt flux. The effects of feed and fertilizer draw solution concentrations; pH and temperature were evaluated on the performance of FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghilesh Karunakaran
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alka A Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj Chandra Garg
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tanvir RU, Zhang J, Canter T, Chen D, Lu J, Hu Z. Harnessing Solar Energy using Phototrophic Microorganisms: A Sustainable Pathway to Bioenergy, Biomaterials, and Environmental Solutions. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021; 146:1-111181. [PMID: 34526853 PMCID: PMC8437043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms (microbial phototrophs) use light as an energy source to carry out various metabolic processes producing biomaterials and bioenergy and supporting their own growth. Among them, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been utilized extensively for bioenergy, biomaterials, and environmental applications. Their superior photosynthetic efficiency, lipid content, and shorter cultivation time compared to terrestrial biomass make them more suitable for efficient production of bioenergy and biomaterials. Other phototrophic microorganisms, especially anoxygenic phototrophs, demonstrated the ability to survive and flourish while producing renewable energy and high-value products under harsh environmental conditions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of microbial phototrophs on their (i) production of bioenergy and biomaterials, (ii) emerging and innovative applications for environmental conservation, mitigation, and remediation, and (iii) physical, genetic, and metabolic pathways to improve light harvesting and biomass/biofuel/biomaterial production. Both physical (e.g., incremental irradiation) and genetic approaches (e.g., truncated antenna) are implemented to increase the light-harvesting efficiency. Increases in biomass yield and metabolic products are possible through the manipulation of metabolic pathways and selection of a proper strain under optimal cultivation conditions and downstream processing, including harvesting, extraction, and purification. Finally, the current barriers in harnessing solar energy using phototrophic microorganisms are presented, and future research perspectives are discussed, such as integrating phototrophic microorganisms with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Ullah Tanvir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Timothy Canter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Dual Enrollment Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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