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Cabriales JA, Hernandez N, Taylor T, Cooper TV. A three wave assessment of a tobacco free campus policy within a minority serving institution. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36260809 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2129978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed changes (in relation to smoking status) in tobacco use, attitudes toward TFC policies, and tobacco use risk knowledge by applying a three Wave repeated cross-sectional assessment. PARTICIPANTS Participants were students at Wave 1 (n = 2,169), Wave 2 (n = 2,576), and Wave 3 (n = 2,169) and faculty at Wave 1 (n = 256), Wave 2 (n = 204), and Wave 3 (n = 180). METHODS Measures regarding sociodemographics, tobacco use, attitudes toward TFC policies, and tobacco use risk knowledge were completed. RESULTS Compared with Wave 1, more students reported having quit smoking within the last six months at Waves 2 and 3. The negative attitudes toward TFC policies of those who reported quitting in the last six months aligned with those of nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest smoking status as a relevant covariate to focus on to further strengthen and refine existing TFC policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alonso Cabriales
- Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, The University of New Mexico-Gallup, Gallup, New Mexico
| | - Nora Hernandez
- Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Thom Taylor
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Theodore V Cooper
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Liu Z, Wang L, Pan Y. Calibration estimation for non-probability samples under two distance functions: a comparative study. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2022.2050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University, Wuhan
| | - Lin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University, Wuhan
| | - Yingli Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University, Wuhan
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Borrajo L, Cao R. Nonparametric estimation for big-but-biased data. TEST-SPAIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11749-020-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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DEVER JILLA, AMAYA ASHLEY, SRIVASTAV ANUP, LU PENGJUN, ROYCROFT JESSICA, STANLEY MARSHICA, STRINGER MCHRISTOPHER, BOSTWICK MICHAELG, GREBY STACIEM, SANTIBANEZ TAMMYA, WILLIAMS WALTERW. FIT FOR PURPOSE IN ACTION: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL INTERNET FLU SURVEY. JOURNAL OF SURVEY STATISTICS AND METHODOLOGY 2021; 9:449-476. [PMID: 36060551 PMCID: PMC9434706 DOI: 10.1093/jssam/smz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Researchers strive to design and implement high-quality surveys to maximize the utility of the data collected. The definitions of quality and usefulness, however, vary from survey to survey and depend on the analytic needs. Survey teams must evaluate the trade-offs of various decisions, such as when results are needed and their required level of precision, in addition to practical constraints like budget, before finalizing the design. Characteristics within the concept of fit for purpose (FfP) can provide the framework for considering the trade-offs. Furthermore, this tool can enable an evaluation of quality for the resulting estimates. Implementation of a FfP framework in this context, however, is not straightforward. In this article, we provide the reader with a glimpse of a FfP framework in action for obtaining estimates on early season influenza vaccination coverage estimates and on knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and barriers related to influenza and influenza prevention among civilian noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years and older in the United States. The result is the National Internet Flu Survey (NIFS), an annual, two-week internet survey sponsored by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition to critical design decisions, we use the established NIFS FfP framework to discuss the quality of the NIFS in meeting the intended objectives. We highlight aspects that work well and other survey traits requiring further evaluation. Differences found in comparing the NIFS to the National Flu Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System are discussed via their respective FfP characteristics. The findings presented here highlight the importance of the FfP framework for designing surveys, defining data quality, and providing a set a metrics used to advertise the intended use of the survey data and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- JILL A. DEVER
- Address correspondence to Jill A. Dever, RTI International, 701 13th St. NW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20005-3967, USA;
| | - ASHLEY AMAYA
- RTI International, 701 13th St NW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20005-3967, USA
| | - ANUP SRIVASTAV
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA and Leidos Inc., 11951 Freedom Drive, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - PENG-JUN LU
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - JESSICA ROYCROFT
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - MARSHICA STANLEY
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - M. CHRISTOPHER STRINGER
- formerly at RTI International, is with the U.S. Census Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Hillcrest Heights, MD 20746, USA
| | - MICHAEL G. BOSTWICK
- formerly at RTI International, is with Squarespace, 8 Clarkson St, New York, NY 10014, USA
| | - STACIE M. GREBY
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - TAMMY A. SANTIBANEZ
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - WALTER W. WILLIAMS
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Mody A, Glidden DV, Eshun-Wilson I, Sikombe K, Simbeza S, Mukamba N, Somwe P, Beres LK, Pry J, Bolton-Moore C, Padian N, Holmes CB, Sikazwe I, Geng EH. Longitudinal Care Cascade Outcomes Among People Eligible for Antiretroviral Therapy Who Are Newly Linking to Care in Zambia: A Multistate Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:e561-e570. [PMID: 32173743 PMCID: PMC7744998 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is dynamic, with patients frequently transitioning in and out of care. Analytical approaches (eg, survival analyses) commonly used to assess HIV care cascade outcomes fail to capture such transitions and therefore incompletely represent care outcomes over time. METHODS We analyzed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-eligible adults newly linking to care at 64 clinics in Zambia between 1 April 2014 and 31 July 2015. We used electronic medical record data and supplemented these with updated care outcomes ascertained by tracing a multistage random sample of patients lost to follow-up (LTFU, >90 days late for last appointment). We performed multistate analyses, incorporating weights from sampling, to estimate the prevalence of 9 care states over time since linkage with respect to ART initiation, retention in care, transfers, and mortality. RESULTS In sum, 23 227 patients (58% female; median age 34 years [interquartile range 28-41]) were ART-eligible at enrollment. At 1 year, 75.2% had initiated ART and were in care: 61.8% were continuously retained, 6.1% had reengaged after LTFU, and 7.3% had transferred. Also, 10.1% were LTFU within 7 days of enrollment, and 15.2% were LTFU at 1 year (6.7% prior to ART). One year after LTFU, 51.6% of those LTFU prior to ART remained out of care compared to 30.2% of those LTFU after initiating ART. Overall, 6.9% of patients had died by 1 year with 3.0% dying prior to ART. CONCLUSION Multistate analyses provide more complete assessments of longitudinal HIV cascade outcomes and reveal treatment gaps at distinct timepoints in care that will still need to be addressed even with universal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaloke Mody
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David V Glidden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ingrid Eshun-Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Sandra Simbeza
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Njekwa Mukamba
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Paul Somwe
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Laura K Beres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jake Pry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Carolyn Bolton-Moore
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nancy Padian
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Charles B Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Izukanji Sikazwe
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Elvin H Geng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Incidence estimation from sentinel surveillance data; a simulation study and application to data from the Belgian laboratory sentinel surveillance. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:982. [PMID: 31337363 PMCID: PMC6651902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods can be used to estimate the total number of cases from the sample collected through sentinel surveillance. Central to these methods are the inverse weights which can be derived in several ways and, in this case, represent the probability that laboratory (lab) sentinel surveillance detects a lab-confirmed case. Methods We compare different weights in a simulation study. Weights are obtained from the proportion of participating labs over all labs. We adjust these weights for attractiveness and density of labs over population. The market share of sentinel labs, as estimated by the econometric Huff-model, is also considered. Additionally, we investigate the effect of not recognizing sentinel labs as sentinel labs when they report no cases. We estimate the bias associated with the different weights as the difference between the simulated number of cases and the estimate of this total from the sentinel sample. As motivating data examples, we apply an extended Huff-model to four pathogens under laboratory sentinel surveillance in Belgium between 2010 and 2015 and discuss the model fit. We estimate the total number of lab-confirmed cases associated with Rotavirus, influenza virus, Y. enterocolitica and Campylobacter spp.. The extended Huff-model takes the lab-concept, the number of reimbursements and the number of departments, lab-density, regional borders, distance and competition between labs in account. Results Estimates obtained with the Huff-model were most accurate in the more complex simulation scenarios as compared to other weights. In the data examples, several significant coefficients are identified, but the fit of the Huff-model to the Belgian sentinel surveillance data leaves much variability in market shares unexplained. Conclusion The Huff-model allows for estimation of the spatial and population coverage of sentinel surveillance and through IPW-methods also for the estimation of the total number of cases. The Huff-model‘s gravity function allows us to differentiate inside an area while estimating from the full dataset. Our data examples show that additional data on the participation to surveillance and practices of labs is necessary for a more accurate estimation.
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Development of a practical prediction score for chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:1025-1033. [PMID: 30336846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent and serious complication of cardiac surgery. This study was designed to establish a scoring system, calculated in the immediate postoperative period, to assess the risk of CKD at 1 yr in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS We conducted a cohort study including patients with preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate above 60 ml min-1 (1.73 m)-2 who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We identified risk factors for de novo CKD at 1 yr using logistic regression. We derived a risk score for CKD, and externally validated this score in a second cohort. RESULTS The incidence of CKD was 18% and 23% in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. We developed a scoring system that included (i) the occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria, (ii) age older than 65 yr, (iii) preoperative glomerular filtration rate <80 ml min-1 (1.73 m)-2, (iv) aortic cross-clamping time longer than 50 min, and (v) the type of surgery (aortic or cardiac transplantation). This score predicted CKD with good accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.86 in the derivation cohort), and with fair accuracy in the validation cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.83). CONCLUSIONS We provide an easy-to-calculate scoring system to identify patients at high risk of developing CKD after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. This system might help clinicians to target more accurately patients requiring monitoring of renal function after cardiac surgery, and to design appropriate interventional trials aimed at preventing CKD or mitigating its consequences.
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