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Schaller T, Ringen J, Fischer B, Bieler T, Perius K, Knopp T, Kommoss KS, Korn T, Heikenwälder M, Oelze M, Daiber A, Münzel T, Kramer D, Wenzel P, Wild J, Karbach S, Waisman A. Reactive oxygen species produced by myeloid cells in psoriasis as a potential biofactor contributing to the development of vascular inflammation. Biofactors 2023; 49:861-874. [PMID: 37139784 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease driven by interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. We used a severe psoriasis mouse model of keratinocyte IL-17A overexpression (K14-IL-17Aind/+ , IL-17Aind/+ control mice) to investigate the activity of neutrophils and a potential cellular interconnection between skin and vasculature. Levels of dermal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their release by neutrophils were measured by lucigenin-/luminol-based assays, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR determined neutrophilic activity and inflammation-related markers in skin and aorta. To track skin-derived immune cells, we used PhAM-K14-IL-17Aind/+ mice allowing us to mark all cells in the skin by photoconversion of a fluorescent protein to analyze their migration into spleen, aorta, and lymph nodes by flow cytometry. Compared to controls, K14-IL-17Aind/+ mice exhibited elevated ROS levels in the skin and a higher neutrophilic oxidative burst accompanied by the upregulation of several activation markers. In line with these results psoriatic mice displayed elevated expression of genes involved in neutrophil migration (e.g., Cxcl2 and S100a9) in skin and aorta. However, no direct immune cell migration from the psoriatic skin into the aortic vessel wall was observed. Neutrophils of psoriatic mice showed an activated phenotype, but no direct cellular migration from the skin to the vasculature was observed. This suggests that highly active vasculature-invading neutrophils must originate directly from the bone marrow. Hence, the skin-vasculature crosstalk in psoriasis is most likely based on the systemic effects of the autoimmune skin disease, emphasizing the importance of a systemic therapeutic approach for psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schaller
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Ringen
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Berenice Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tabea Bieler
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Perius
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Knopp
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina S Kommoss
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Wild
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Functional characteristics and therapeutic potential of SLC41 transporters. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 151:88-92. [PMID: 36707183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) plays an important role in various cellular functions such as protein synthesis, DNA stability, energy metabolism, enzyme and channel activities, and muscle contractility. Therefore, intracellular Mg2+ concentration is tightly regulated by multiple Mg2+ transporters and channels. So far, various candidate genes of Mg2+ transporters have been identified, and the research on their structure and function is currently in progress. The Solute Carrier 41 (SLC41) family, which is related to the bacterial Mg2+ transporter/channel MgtE, comprises three isoforms of SLC41A1, SLC41A2, and SLC41A3. Based on recent studies, SLC41A1 is thought to mediate Mg2+ influx or Na+-dependent Mg2+ efflux across the plasma membrane, whereas SLC41A2 and SLC41A3 may mediate Mg2+ fluxes across either the plasma membrane or organellar membranes. Intriguingly, SLC41A1 variants have been identified in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies. Further genetic analyses reveal the association of SLC41A1 polymorphisms with PD risks. This review highlights the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and functional characteristics of SLC41 family towards its therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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SLC41A3 Exhibits as a Carcinoma Biomarker and Promoter in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8556888. [PMID: 34819993 PMCID: PMC8608493 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8556888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) is the fifth widely occurred carcinoma, which is thought to be the second primary contributor of carcinoma-associated death. There are almost 788,000 death tolls worldwide. Solute carrier family 41 member 3 (SLC41A3) is a member of solute carrier family 41, and it is the key point of numerous researches. Our research attempted to explore the links between SLC41A3 and LIHC through public databases. Higher expression of SLC41A3 displayed an intimate association with higher pathological stages and poorer prognosis. GO and KEGG analysis revealed the possible regulatory pathways of SLC41A3. Additionally, we carried out cell functional experiments to determine the expression of SLC41A3 in the cell lines of LIHC, as well as the effects of its silence on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our data showed that SLC41A3 was greatly increased in the cell lines of LIHC. Moreover, silencing SLC41A3 impeded LIHC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Collectively, our study demonstrated that highly expressed SLC41A3 was a probable indication of LIHC occurrence, and SLC41A3 could be regarded as a prospective target in the treatment of LIHC.
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Expression of glucose and magnesium transport-associated genes in whole blood RNA of lactating ewes supplemented with magnesium. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Simón J, Delgado TC, Martinez-Cruz LA, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium, Little Known But Possibly Relevant: A Link between NASH and Related Comorbidities. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020125. [PMID: 33513920 PMCID: PMC7911938 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by an abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation accompanied by a necro-inflammatory process and a fibrotic response. It comprises from 10% to 30% of cases of patients with non-alcoholic liver disease, which is a global health problem affecting around a quarter of the worldwide population. Nevertheless, the development of NASH is often surrounded by a pathological context with other comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary imbalances are increasingly recognized as the root cause of these NASH-related comorbidities. In this context, a growing concern exists about whether magnesium consumption in the general population is sufficient. Hypomagnesemia is a hallmark of the aforementioned NASH comorbidities, and deficiencies in magnesium are also widely related to the triggering of complications that aggravate NASH or derived pathologies. Moreover, the supplementation of this cation has proved to reduce mortality from hepatic complications. In the present review, the role of magnesium in NASH and related comorbidities has been characterized, unraveling the relevance of maintaining the homeostasis of this cation for the correct functioning of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (T.C.D.); (L.A.M.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); Tel.: +34-944-061318 (J.S. & M.L.M.-C.); Fax: +34-944-061301 (J.S. & M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Teresa Cardoso Delgado
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (T.C.D.); (L.A.M.-C.)
| | - Luis Alfonso Martinez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (T.C.D.); (L.A.M.-C.)
| | - Maria Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (T.C.D.); (L.A.M.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); Tel.: +34-944-061318 (J.S. & M.L.M.-C.); Fax: +34-944-061301 (J.S. & M.L.M.-C.)
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Liu J, Zhang S, Dai W, Xie C, Li JC. A Comprehensive Prognostic and Immune Analysis of SLC41A3 in Pan-Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586414. [PMID: 33520701 PMCID: PMC7841432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC41A3, as a member of the 41st family of solute carriers, participates in the transport of magnesium. The role of SLC41A3 in cancer prognosis and immune regulation has rarely been reported. This study was designed to analyze the expression status and prognostic significance of SLC41A3 in pan-cancers. The mRNA expression profiles of SLC41A3 were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), the Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). The Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC41A3 in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the correlation between SLC41A3 expression and immune cells infiltration, immune checkpoint, mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were calculated using data form TCGA database. The results showed that the expression of SLC41A3 was down-regulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and was associated with poor overall survival and tumor-specific mortality. Whereas, the expression of SLC41A3 was up-regulated in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and the results of Cox regression analysis revealed that SLC41A3 was an independent factor for LIHC prognosis. Meanwhile, a nomogram including SLC41A3 and stage was built and exhibited good predictive power for the overall survival of LIHC patients. Additionally, correlation analysis suggested a significant correlation between SLC41A3 and TMB, MSI, MMR, DNMT, and immune cells infiltration in various cancers. The overall survival and disease-specific survival analysis revealed that the combined SLC41A3 expression and immune cell score, TMB, and MSI were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in ACC, LIHC, and UVM patients. Therefore, we proposed that SLC41A3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Shanqiang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Chongwei Xie
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Cheng Li,
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TRPM7 and MagT1 in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16195. [PMID: 30385806 PMCID: PMC6212439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are fundamental for bone formation and repair since they respond to microenvironmental stimuli by undergoing osteogenic differentiation. We show that the kinase and cation channel TRPM7 and the magnesium transporter MagT1 have a role in harmonizing the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. TRPM7 and MagT1 are upregulated in osteogenic differentiation and silencing either one accelerates osteogenic differentiation, partly through the activation of autophagy. Intriguingly, similar results were obtained when the cells were cultured under magnesium deficient conditions. These results underpin the contribution of magnesium, TRPM7 and MagT1 to autophagy and osteoblastogenesis.
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Giménez-Mascarell P, Schirrmacher CE, Martínez-Cruz LA, Müller D. Novel Aspects of Renal Magnesium Homeostasis. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:77. [PMID: 29686978 PMCID: PMC5900390 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is indispensable for several vital functions, such as neurotransmission, cardiac conductance, blood glucose, blood pressure regulation, and proper function of more than 300 enzymes. Thus, Mg2+ homeostasis is subject to tight regulation. Besides the fast and immediate regulation of plasma Mg2+, a major part of Mg2+ homeostasis is realized by a concerted action of epithelial molecular structures that tightly control intestinal uptake and renal absorption. This mechanism is provided by a combination of para- and transcellular pathways. Whereas the first pathway provides the organism with a maximal amount of vital substances by a minimal energy expenditure, the latter enables controlling and fine-tuning by means of local and regional regulatory systems and also, hormonal control. The paracellular pathway is driven by an electrochemical gradient and realized in principal by the tight junction (TJ), a supramolecular organization of membrane-bound proteins and their adaptor and scaffolding proteins. TJ determinants are claudins (CLDN), a family of membrane spanning proteins that generate a barrier or a pore between two adjacent epithelial cells. Many insights into molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ handling have been achieved by the identification of alterations and mutations in human genes which cause disorders of paracellular Mg2+ pathways (CLDN10, CLDN14, CLDN16, CLDN19). Also, in the distal convoluted tubule, a basolateral protein, CNNM2, causes if mutated, familial dominant and also recessive renal Mg2+ wasting, albeit its true function has not been clarified yet, but is assumed to play a key role in the transcellular pathway. Moreover, mutations in human genes that are involved in regulating these proteins directly or indirectly cause, if mutated human diseases, mostly in combination with comorbidities as diabetes, cystic renal disease, or metabolic abnormalities. Generation and characterization of animal models harboring the corresponding mutations have further contributed to the elucidation of physiology and pathophysiology of Mg2+ disorders. Finally, high-end crystallization techniques allow understanding of Mg2+ handling in more detail. As this field is rapidly growing, we describe here the principles of physiology and pathophysiology of epithelial transport of renal Mg2+ homeostasis with emphasis on recently identified mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlotta Else Schirrmacher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Magnesium Extravaganza: A Critical Compendium of Current Research into Cellular Mg 2+ Transporters Other than TRPM6/7. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 176:65-105. [PMID: 30406297 DOI: 10.1007/112_2018_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium research has boomed within the last 20 years. The real breakthrough came at the start of the new millennium with the discovery of a plethora of possible Mg homeostatic factors that, in particular, included putative Mg2+ transporters. Until that point, Mg research was limited to biochemical and physiological work, as no target molecular entities were known that could be used to explore the molecular biology of Mg homeostasis at the level of the cell, tissue, organ, or organism and to translate such knowledge into the field of clinical medicine and pharmacology. Because of the aforementioned, Mg2+ and Mg homeostasis, both of which had been heavily marginalized within the biomedical field in the twentieth century, have become overnight a focal point of many studies ranging from primary biomedical research to translational medicine.The amount of literature concerning cellular Mg2+ transport and cellular Mg homeostasis is increasing, together with a certain amount of confusion, especially about the function(s) of the newly discovered and, in the majority of instances, still only putative Mg2+ transporters/Mg2+ homeostatic factors. Newcomers to the field of Mg research will thus find it particularly difficult to orient themselves.Here, we briefly but critically summarize the status quo of the current understanding of the molecular entities behind cellular Mg2+ homeostasis in mammalian/human cells other than TRPM6/7 chanzymes, which have been universally accepted as being unspecific cation channel kinases allowing the flux of Mg2+ while constituting the major gateway for Mg2+ to enter the cell.
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Sponder G, Abdulhanan N, Fröhlich N, Mastrototaro L, Aschenbach JR, Röntgen M, Pilchova I, Cibulka M, Racay P, Kolisek M. Overexpression of Na +/Mg 2+ exchanger SLC41A1 attenuates pro-survival signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5084-5104. [PMID: 29435164 PMCID: PMC5797035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na+/Mg2+ exchanger SLC41A1 (A1), a key component of intracellular Mg homeostasis (IMH), is the major cellular Mg2+ efflux system, and its overexpression decreases [Mg2+]intracellular. IMH plays an important role in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cellular signaling. However, whether the overexpression of A1 and the consequent drop of [Mg2+]i impact on intracellular signaling is unknown. To examine the latter, we utilized dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay, PathScan® RTK signaling antibody (PRSA) array, confirmatory Western blot (WB) analyses of phosphorylation of kinases selected by PRSA, and mag-fura 2-assisted fast filter spectrometry (FFS). We demonstrate here that the overexpression of A1 quantitatively and qualitatively changes the DMR signal evoked by the application of PAR-1-selective activating peptide and/or by changing [Mg2+]extracellular in HEK293 cells. PRSA profiling of the phosphorylation of important signaling nodes followed by confirmatory WB has revealed that, in HEK293 cells, A1 overexpression significantly attenuates the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB on Thr308 and/or Ser473 and of Erk1/2 on Thr202/Tyr204 in the presence of 0 or 1 mM (physiological) Mg2+ in the bath solution. The latter is also true for SH-SY5Y and HeLa cells. Overexpression of A1 in HEK293 cells significantly lowers [Mg2+]i in the presence of [Mg2+]e = 0 or 1 mM. This correlates with the observed attenuation of prosurvival Akt/PKB - Erk1/2 signaling in these cells. Thus, A1 expression status and [Mg2+]e (and consequently also [Mg2+]i) modulate the complex physiological fingerprint of the cell and influence the activity of kinases involved in anti-apoptotic and, hence, pro-survival events in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasrin Abdulhanan
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Fröhlich
- PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences GmbH, Rodgau, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Department of Muscle and Growth Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ivana Pilchova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Neurosciences, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michal Cibulka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Racay
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Neurosciences, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Neurosciences, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Tsao YT, Shih YY, Liu YA, Liu YS, Lee OK. Knockdown of SLC41A1 magnesium transporter promotes mineralization and attenuates magnesium inhibition during osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:39. [PMID: 28222767 PMCID: PMC5320718 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is essential for numerous physiological functions. Magnesium exists mostly in bone and the amount is dynamically regulated by skeletal remodeling. Accelerating bone mass loss occurs when magnesium intake is insufficient; whereas high magnesium could lead to mineralization defects. However, the underlying magnesium regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high extracellular magnesium concentration on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and the role of magnesium transporter SLC41A1 in the mineralization process. METHODS Murine MSCs derived from the bone marrow of BALB/c mouse or commercially purchased human MSCs were treated with osteogenic induction medium containing 5.8 mM magnesium chloride and the osteogenic differentiation efficiency was compared with that of MSCs in normal differentiation medium containing 0.8 mM magnesium chloride by cell morphology, gene expression profile of osteogenic markers, and Alizarin Red staining. Slc41a1 gene knockdown in MSCs was performed by siRNA transfection using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX, and the differentiation efficiency of siRNA-treated MSCs was also assessed. RESULTS High concentration of extracellular magnesium ion inhibited mineralization during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Early osteogenic marker genes including osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen were significantly downregulated in MSCs under high concentration of magnesium, whereas late marker genes such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were upregulated with statistical significance compared with those in normal differentiation medium containing 0.8 mM magnesium. siRNA treatment targeting SLC41A1 magnesium transporter, a member of the solute carrier family with a predominant Mg2+ efflux system, accelerated the mineralization process and ameliorated the inhibition of mineralization caused by high concentration of magnesium. High concentration of magnesium significantly upregulated Dkk1 gene expression and the upregulation was attenuated after the Slc41a1 gene was knocked down. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Slc41a1 gene knockdown promoted the translocation of phosphorylated β-catenin into nuclei. In addition, secreted MGP protein was elevated after Slc41a1 was knocked down. CONCLUSIONS High concentration of extracellular magnesium modulates gene expression of MSCs during osteogenic differentiation and inhibits the mineralization process. Additionally, we identified magnesium transporter SLC41A1 that regulates the interaction of magnesium and MSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Wnt signaling is suggested to be involved in SLC41A1-mediated regulation. Tissue-specific SLC41A1 could be a potential treatment for bone mass loss; in addition, caution should be taken regarding the role of magnesium in osteoporosis and the design of magnesium alloys for implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Tsao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 33004 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yi Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Rm. 825, Chih-Teh Building, No.322, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Rm. 825, Chih-Teh Building, No.322, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Rm. 825, Chih-Teh Building, No.322, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, 145 Zhengzhou Road, Taipei, 10341 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
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12
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Kodzhahinchev V, Kovacevic D, Bucking C. Identification of the putative goldfish (Carassius auratus) magnesium transporter SLC41a1 and functional regulation in the gill, kidney, and intestine in response to dietary and environmental manipulations. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 206:69-81. [PMID: 28130070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While magnesium requirements for teleost fish highlight the physiological importance of this cation for homeostasis, little is known regarding the molecular identity of transporters responsible for magnesium absorption or secretion. The recent characterization of the vertebrate magnesium transporter solute carrier 41a1 (SLC41a1) in the kidney of a euryhaline fish has provided a glimpse of possible moieties involved in piscine magnesium regulation. The present study obtained a novel SLC41a1 coding sequence for Carassius auratus and demonstrated ubiquitous expression in all tissues examined. Transcriptional regulation of SLC41a1 in response to dietary and environmental magnesium concentrations was observed across tissues. Specifically, decreased environmental magnesium correlated with decreased expression of SLC41a1 in the intestine, whereas the gill and kidney were unaffected. Dietary magnesium restriction correlated with decreased expression of SLC41a1 in the intestine and gill, while again no effects were detected in the kidney. Finally, elevated dietary magnesium correlated with increased expression of SLC41a1 in the kidney, while expression in the intestine and gill remained stable. Plasma magnesium was maintained in all treatments, and dietary assimilation efficiency increased with decreased dietary magnesium. Consumption of a single meal failed to impact SLC41a1 expression, and transcript abundance remained stable over the course of digestion in all treatments. Transcriptional regulation occurred between 7 and 14days following dietary and environmental manipulations and short-term regulation (e.g. <24h) was not observed. Overall the data supports transcriptional regulation of SLC41a1 reflecting a possible role in magnesium loss or secretion across tissues in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drago Kovacevic
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Bucking
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
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13
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Sturgeon M, Wu P, Cornell R. SLC41A1 and TRPM7 in magnesium homeostasis and genetic risk for Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY & NEUROMEDICINE 2016; 1:23-28. [PMID: 31187092 PMCID: PMC6557452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system with a clinically heterogeneous presentation that includes progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. A minority of PD cases are familial and are caused by mutations in single genes. Most cases, however, are idiopathic PD, a complex multifactorial disorder with environmental and genetic contributors to etiology. Here, we first briefly summarize published evidence that among environmental contributors is dietary deficiency of magnesium. We then review genetic data suggesting that mutations in genes encoding two proteins contributing to cellular magnesium homeostasis confer risk for PD or other Parkinsonian conditions. First, the gene encoding magnesium transporter SLC41A1 is, among others, a candidate for the causative gene in the PARK16 locus where variation is associated with risk for idiopathic Parkinsonian disease. Studies of the function of SLC41A1 in animal models are needed to test whether this protein has a role in maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. Second, in a small study, a hypomorphic variant of TRPM7, a magnesium-permeable channel, was over-represented in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/ Parkinson dementia complex versus controls from the same ethnic group. Although this association was not detected in a second study, in zebrafish Trpm7 is necessary for terminal differentiation and reduction of toxin-sensitivity in dopaminergic neurons. Overall, epidemiological results support the possibility that mutations in genes relevant to magnesium homeostasis would alter PD risk, but deeper genetic analyses of PD patients are necessary to confirm whether SLC41A1 and TRPM7 are among such genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sturgeon
- Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Perry Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert Cornell
- Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Sponder G, Mastrototaro L, Kurth K, Merolle L, Zhang Z, Abdulhanan N, Smorodchenko A, Wolf K, Fleig A, Penner R, Iotti S, Aschenbach JR, Vormann J, Kolisek M. Human CNNM2 is not a Mg(2+) transporter per se. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1223-1240. [PMID: 27068403 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CNNM2 is associated with the regulation of serum Mg concentration, and when mutated, with severe familial hypomagnesemia. The function and cellular localization of CNNM2 and its isomorphs (Iso) remain controversial. The objective of this work was to examine the following: (1) the transcription-responsiveness of CNNM2 to Mg starvation, (2) the cellular localization of Iso1 and Iso2, (3) the ability of Iso1 and Iso2 to transport Mg(2+), and (4) the complex-forming ability and spectra of potential interactors of Iso1 and Iso2. The five main findings are as follows. (1) Mg-starvation induces CNNM2 overexpression that is markedly higher in JVM-13 cells (lymphoblasts) compared with Jurkat cells (T-lymphocytes). (2) Iso1 and Iso2 localize throughout various subcellular compartments in transgenic HEK293 cells overexpressing Iso1 or Iso2. (3) Iso1 and Iso2 do not transport Mg(2+) in an electrogenic or electroneutral mode in transgenic HEK293 cells overexpressing Iso1 or Iso2. (4) Both Iso1 and Iso2 form complexes of a higher molecular order. (5) The spectrum of potential interactors of Iso1 is ten times smaller than that of Iso2. We conclude that sensitivity of CNNM2 expression to extracellular Mg(2+) depletion depends on cell type. Iso1 and Iso2 exhibit a dispersed pattern of cellular distribution; thus, they are not exclusively integral to the cytoplasmic membrane. Iso1 and Iso2 are not Mg(2+) transporters per se. Both isomorphs form protein complexes, and divergent spectra of potential interactors of Iso1 and Iso2 indicate that each isomorph has a distinctive function. CNNM2 is therefore the first ever identified Mg(2+) homeostatic factor without being a Mg(2+) transporter per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Kurth
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Landesuntersuchungsanstalt Sachsen, Jägerstraße 8/10, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Queen's Medical Center, Center for Biomedical Research, 1356 Lusitana Street, UH Tower 8, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Nasrin Abdulhanan
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Philippstrasse 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Fleig
- The Queen's Medical Center, Center for Biomedical Research, 1356 Lusitana Street, UH Tower 8, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Reinhold Penner
- The Queen's Medical Center, Center for Biomedical Research, 1356 Lusitana Street, UH Tower 8, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Vormann
- Institute for Prevention and Nutrition (IPEV), Adalperostrasse 37, Munich, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Mastrototaro L, Tietjen U, Sponder G, Vormann J, Aschenbach JR, Kolisek M. Insulin Modulates the Na+/Mg2+ Exchanger SLC41A1 and Influences Mg2+ Efflux from Intracellular Stores in Transgenic HEK293 Cells. J Nutr 2015; 145:2440-7. [PMID: 26355001 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.213918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium deficiency is a common complication of diabetes with an unclear molecular background. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of the insulin (INS)-signaling pathway (ISP) on the regulation of Mg(2+) efflux (Mg(2+)E) conducted by solute carrier family 41, member A1 (SLC41A1; activated by protein kinase A) in transgenic human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. METHODS HEK293 cells overexpressing SLC41A1 were loaded with the Mg(2+) fluorescent indicator mag-fura-2 and Mg(2+). Measurements of Mg(2+)E were conducted in Mg(2+)-free buffer by using fast-filter fluorescence spectrometry. We examined the effects of INS, inhibitors of ISP or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), an activator of adenylate cyclase (ADC), and their combinations on SLC41A1-attributed Mg(2+)E. RESULTS The application of 400 μU/mL INS inhibited SLC41A1-mediated Mg(2+)E by up to 50.6% compared with INS-untreated cells (P < 0.001). Moreover, INS evoked the early onset of Mg(2+) release from intracellular stores. The application of 0.1 μM wortmannin or 10 μM zardaverine (both ISP inhibitors) restored SLC41A1 Mg(2+)E capacity in the presence of INS to the same levels in INS-untreated cells. The simultaneous application of 10 μM forskolin, an ADC activator, and INS resulted in a reduction of Mg(2+)E of up to 59% compared with untreated cells (P < 0.001), which was comparable to that in cells treated with INS alone. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with 10 μM SB 202190 (SB) in the absence of INS resulted in a decrease (P < 0.001) of SLC41A1-dependent Mg(2+)E (by up to 49%) compared with Mg(2+)E measured in untreated cells. Simultaneous exposure of cells to SB and INS had a stronger inhibitory effect on SLC41A1 activity than INS alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS INS affects intracellular Mg(2+) concentration in transgenic HEK293 cells by regulating SLC41A1 activity (via ISP) and by influencing the compartmentalization and cellular distribution of Mg(2+). In addition, p38 MAPK activates SLC41A1 independently of INS action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Uwe Tietjen
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Jürgen Vormann
- Institute for Prevention and Nutrition, Ismaning/Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; and
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16
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PARK7/DJ-1 dysregulation by oxidative stress leads to magnesium deficiency: implications in degenerative and chronic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:1143-50. [PMID: 26453619 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed magnesium (Mg(2+)) homoeostasis and increased levels of OS (oxidative stress) are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients suffering from neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Data from clinical and animal studies suggest that MD (Mg(2+) deficiency) is correlated with increased production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in cells, but a straightforward causal relationship (including molecular mechanisms) between the two conditions is lacking. The multifactorial protein PARK7/DJ-1 is a major antioxidant protein, playing a key role in cellular redox homoeostasis, and is a positive regulator of AR (androgen receptor)-dependent transcription. SLC41A1 (solute carrier family 41 member 1), the gene encoding a ubiquitous cellular Mg(2+)E (Mg(2+)efflux) system, has been shown to be regulated by activated AR. We hypothesize that overexpression/up-regulation of PARK7/DJ-1, attributable to OS and related activation of AR, is an important event regulating the expression of SLC41A1 and consequently, modulating the Mg(2+)E capacity. This would involve changes in the transcriptional activity of PARK7/DJ-1, AR and SLC41A1, which may serve as biomarkers of intracellular MD and may have clinical relevance. Imipramine, in use as an antidepressant, has been shown to reduce the Mg(2+)E activity of SLC41A1 and OS. We therefore hypothesize further that administration of imipramine or related drugs will be beneficial in MD- and OS-associated diseases, especially when combined with Mg(2+) supplementation. If proved true, the OS-responsive functional axis, PARK7/DJ-1-AR-SLC41A1, may be a putative mechanism underlying intracellular MD secondary to OS caused by pro-oxidative stimuli, including extracellular MD. Furthermore, it will advance our understanding of the link between OS and MD.
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17
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Venco P, Bonora M, Giorgi C, Papaleo E, Iuso A, Prokisch H, Pinton P, Tiranti V. Mutations of C19orf12, coding for a transmembrane glycine zipper containing mitochondrial protein, cause mis-localization of the protein, inability to respond to oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial Ca²⁺. Front Genet 2015; 6:185. [PMID: 26136767 PMCID: PMC4470416 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in C19orf12 have been identified in patients affected by Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), a clinical entity characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. By using western blot analysis with specific antibody and confocal studies, we showed that wild-type C19orf12 protein was not exclusively present in mitochondria, but also in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and MAM (Mitochondria Associated Membrane), while mutant C19orf12 variants presented a different localization. Moreover, after induction of oxidative stress, a GFP-tagged C19orf12 wild-type protein was able to relocate to the cytosol. On the contrary, mutant isoforms were not able to respond to oxidative stress. High mitochondrial calcium concentration and increased H2O2 induced apoptosis were found in fibroblasts derived from one patient as compared to controls. C19orf12 protein is a 17 kDa mitochondrial membrane-associated protein whose function is still unknown. Our in silico investigation suggests that, the glycine zipper motifs of C19orf12 form helical regions spanning the membrane. The N- and C-terminal regions with respect to the transmembrane portion, on the contrary, are predicted to rearrange in a structural domain, which is homologs to the N-terminal regulatory domain of the magnesium transporter MgtE, suggesting that C19orf12 may act as a regulatory protein for human MgtE transporters. The mutations here described affect respectively one glycine residue of the glycine zipper motifs, which are involved in dimerization of transmembrane helices and predicted to impair the correct localization of the protein into the membranes, and one residue present in the regulatory domain, which is important for protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venco
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics - Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the study of Mitochondrial Disorders in Children, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta" Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies Center, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies Center, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arcangela Iuso
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies Center, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics - Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the study of Mitochondrial Disorders in Children, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta" Milan, Italy
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18
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Schweigel-Röntgen M, Kolisek M. SLC41 transporters--molecular identification and functional role. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 73:383-410. [PMID: 24745990 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800223-0.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 41 (SLC41) encompasses three members A1, A2, and A3. Based on their distant homology to the bacterial Mg²⁺ channel MgtE, all have been linked to Mg²⁺ transport. There is only very limited knowledge on the molecular biology and exact functions of SLC41A2 and SLC41A3. SLC41A1 is ubiquitously expressed and data on its functional and molecular properties, regulation, complex-forming ability, and spectrum of binding partners are available. SLC41A1 was recently identified as being the Na⁺/Mg²⁺ exchanger (NME)-a predominant Mg²⁺ efflux system. Mg²⁺-dependent and hormonal regulation of NME activity is now known to depend on the intracellular N terminus of SLC41A1 that is involved in Mg²⁺ sensing and contains phosphorylation sites for protein kinase (PK) A and PKC. Data showing a link between SLC41A1 and human disorders such as Parkinson's disease, nephronophthisis (induced by the null mutation c.698G>T in renal SLC41A1), and preeclampsia make the protein a candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schweigel-Röntgen
- Institute for Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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