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Gao X, Xu J, Yao T, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhan C. Peptide-decorated nanocarriers penetrating the blood-brain barrier for imaging and therapy of brain diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114362. [PMID: 35654215 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is one of the most important physiological barriers strictly restricting the substance exchange between blood and brain tissues. While the BBB protects the brain from infections and toxins and maintains brain homeostasis, it is also recognized as the main obstacle to the penetration of therapeutics and imaging agents into the brain. Due to high specificity and affinity, peptides are frequently exploited to decorate nanocarriers across the BBB for diagnosis and/or therapy purposes. However, there are still some challenges that restrict their clinical application, such as stability, safety and immunocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the biological and pathophysiological characteristics of the BBB, strategies across the BBB, and recent progress on peptide decorated nanocarriers for brain diseases diagnosis and therapy. The challenges and opportunities for their translation are also discussed.
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2
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Li Y, Yang J, Gu G, Guo X, He C, Sun J, Zou H, Wang H, Liu S, Li X, Zhang S, Wang K, Yang L, Jiang Y, Wu L, Sun X. Pulmonary Delivery of Theranostic Nanoclusters for Lung Cancer Ferroptosis with Enhanced Chemodynamic/Radiation Synergistic Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:963-972. [PMID: 35073699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient tumor accumulation and penetration remain as the main challenges to therapy efficacy of lung cancer. Local delivery of smart nanoclusters can increase drug penetration and provide superior antitumor effects than systemic routes. Here, we report self-assembled pH-sensitive superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters (SPIONCs) that enhance in situ ferroptosis and apoptosis with radiotherapy and chemodynamic therapy. After pulmonary delivery in orthotopic lung cancer, SPIONCs disintegrate into smaller nanoparticles and release more iron ions in an acidic microenvironment. Under single-dose X-ray irradiation, endogenous superoxide dismutase converts superoxide radicals produced by mitochondria to hydrogen peroxide, which in turn generates hydroxyl radicals by the Fenton reaction from iron ions accumulated inside the tumor. Finally, irradiation and iron ions enhance tumor lipid peroxidation and induce cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Thus, rationally designed pulmonary delivered nanoclusters provide a promising strategy for noninvasive imaging of lung cancer and synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Jie Yang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Guangying Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Chunbo He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Jiemei Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Lili Yang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Lina Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
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3
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Veronesi MC, Graner BD, Cheng SH, Zamora M, Zarrinmayeh H, Chen CT, Das SK, Vannier MW. Aerosolized In Vivo 3D Localization of Nose-to-Brain Nanocarrier Delivery Using Multimodality Neuroimaging in a Rat Model-Protocol Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030391. [PMID: 33804222 PMCID: PMC8001876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of intranasal aerosolized radiolabeled polymeric micellar nanoparticles (LPNPs) was tracked with positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging in a rat model to measure nose-to-brain delivery. A quantitative temporal and spatial testing protocol for new radio-nanotheranostic agents was sought in vivo. LPNPs labeled with a zirconium 89 (89Zr) PET tracer were administered via intranasal or intravenous delivery, followed by serial PET/CT imaging. After 2 h of continuous imaging, the animals were sacrificed, and the brain substructures (olfactory bulb, forebrain, and brainstem) were isolated. The activity in each brain region was measured for comparison with the corresponding PET/CT region of interest via activity measurements. Serial imaging of the LPNPs (100 nm PLA–PEG–DSPE+89Zr) delivered intranasally via nasal tubing demonstrated increased activity in the brain after 1 and 2 h following intranasal drug delivery (INDD) compared to intravenous administration, which correlated with ex vivo gamma counting and autoradiography. Although assessment of delivery from nose to brain is a promising approach, the technology has several limitations that require further development. An experimental protocol for aerosolized intranasal delivery is presented herein, which may provide a platform for better targeting the olfactory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Veronesi
- The Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (B.D.G.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Brian D. Graner
- The Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (B.D.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- The Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.-T.C.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Marta Zamora
- The Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.-T.C.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Hamideh Zarrinmayeh
- The Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (B.D.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- The Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.-T.C.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Sudip K. Das
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA;
| | - Michael W. Vannier
- The Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.-T.C.); (M.W.V.)
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4
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Pellow C, Abenojar EC, Exner AA, Zheng G, Goertz DE. Concurrent visual and acoustic tracking of passive and active delivery of nanobubbles to tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11690-11706. [PMID: 33052241 PMCID: PMC7545999 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been growing interest in nanobubbles for their potential to extend bubble-mediated ultrasound approaches beyond that of their larger microbubble counterparts. In particular, the smaller scale of nanobubbles may enable them to access the tumor extravascular compartment for imaging and therapy in closer proximity to cancer cells. Compelling preliminary demonstrations of the imaging and therapeutic abilities of nanobubbles have thus emerged, with emphasis on their ability to extravasate. However, studies to date rely on indirect histologic evidence that cannot confirm whether the structures remain intact beyond the vasculature - leaving their extravascular potential largely untapped. Methods: Nanobubble acoustic scattering was assessed using a recently reported ultra-stable formulation at low concentration (106 mL-1) and frequency (1 MHz), over a range of pressures (100-1500 kPa) in a channel phantom. The pressure-dependent response was utilized as a basis for in vivo experiments where ultrasound transmitters and receivers were integrated into a window chamber for simultaneous intravital multiphoton microscopy and acoustic monitoring in tumor-affected microcirculation. Microscopy and acoustic data were utilized to assess passive and active delivery of nanobubbles and determine whether they remained intact beyond the vasculature. Results: Nanobubbles exhibit pressure-dependent nonlinear acoustic scattering. Nanobubbles are also found to have prolonged acoustic vascular pharmacokinetics, and passively extravasate intact into tumors. Ultrasound stimulation of nanobubbles is shown to actively enhance the delivery of both intact nanobubbles and shell material, increasing their spatial bioavailability deeper into the extravascular space. A range of acute vascular effects were also observed. Conclusion: This study presents the first direct evidence that nanobubbles passively and actively extravasate intact in tumor tissue, and is the first to directly capture acute vascular events from ultrasound-stimulation of nanobubbles. The insights gained here demonstrate an important step towards unlocking the potential of nanobubbles and extending ultrasound-based applications.
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5
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Pellow C, O'Reilly MA, Hynynen K, Zheng G, Goertz DE. Simultaneous Intravital Optical and Acoustic Monitoring of Ultrasound-Triggered Nanobubble Generation and Extravasation. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4512-4519. [PMID: 32374617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-activated nanobubbles are being widely investigated as contrast agents and therapeutic vehicles. Nanobubbles hold potential for accessing the tumor extravascular compartment, though this relies on clinically debated passive accumulation for which evidence to date is indirect. We recently reported ultrasound-triggered conversion of high payload porphyrin-encapsulated microbubbles to nanobubbles, with actively enhanced permeability for local delivery. This platform holds implications for optical/ultrasound-based imaging and therapeutics. While promising, it remains to be established how nanobubbles are generated and whether they extravasate intact. Here, insights into the conversion process are reported, complemented by novel simultaneous intravital and acoustic monitoring in tumor-affected functional circulation. The first direct acoustic evidence of extravascular intact nanobubbles are presented. These insights collectively advance this delivery platform and multimodal micro- and nanobubbles, extending their utility for imaging and therapeutics within and beyond the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Pellow
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Meaghan A O'Reilly
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - David E Goertz
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
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6
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Cruz W, Huang H, Barber B, Pasini E, Ding L, Zheng G, Chen J, Bhat M. Lipoprotein-Like Nanoparticle Carrying Small Interfering RNA Against Spalt-Like Transcription Factor 4 Effectively Targets Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Decreases Tumor Burden. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:769-782. [PMID: 32363325 PMCID: PMC7193129 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often unable to tolerate chemotherapy due to liver dysfunction in the setting of cirrhosis. We investigate high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mimicking peptide phospholipid scaffold (HPPS), which are nanoparticles that capitalize on normal lipoprotein metabolism and transport, as a solution for directed delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) cargo into HCC cells. Spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), a fetal oncoprotein expressed in aggressive HCCs, is specifically targeted as a case study to evaluate the efficacy of HPPS carrying siRNA cargo. HPPS containing different formulations of siRNA therapy against SALL4 were generated specifically for HCC cells. These were investigated both in vitro and in vivo using fluorescence imaging. HPPS-SALL4 effectively bound to scavenger receptor, class B type 1 (SR-BI) and delivered the siRNA cargo into HCC cells, as seen in vitro. HPPS-SALL4 effectively inhibited HCC tumor growth (P < 0.05) and induced a 3-fold increase in apoptosis of the cancer cells in vivo compared to HPPS-scramble. Additionally, there was no immunogenicity associated with HPPS-SALL4 as measured by cytokine production. Conclusion: We have developed unique HDL-like nanoparticles that directly deliver RNA interference (RNAi) therapy against SALL4 into the cytosol of HCC cells, effectively inhibiting HCC tumor growth without any systemic immunogenicity. This therapeutic modality avoids the need for hepatic metabolism in this cancer, which develops in the setting of cirrhosis and liver dysfunction. These natural lipoprotein-like nanoparticles with RNAi therapy are a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cruz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada.,DLVR Therapeutics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Huang Huang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada.,DLVR Therapeutics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Brian Barber
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada.,DLVR Therapeutics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Elisa Pasini
- Multi Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lili Ding
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Multi Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University Health Network and University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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7
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Atlihan-Gundogdu E, Ilem-Ozdemir D, Ekinci M, Ozgenc E, Demir ES, Sánchez-Dengra B, González-Alvárez I. Recent developments in cancer therapy and diagnosis. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Castle J, Kotopoulis S, Forsberg F. Sonoporation for Augmenting Chemotherapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2059:191-205. [PMID: 31435922 PMCID: PMC7418147 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9798-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the United States, with more than 53,000 new cases in 2017. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Nonetheless, there has been no significant improvement in survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients over the past 30+ years. For this reason, there is a considerable and urgent clinical need to develop innovative strategies for effective drug delivery and treatment monitoring, resulting in improved outcomes for patients with PDAC.This chapter describes the development of contrast-enhanced ultrasound image-guided drug delivery (CEUS-IGDD or sonoporation) to be that method and to translate it from the lab to the clinic. The initial clinical focus has been on a Phase I clinical trial for enhancing the effectiveness of standard chemotherapeutics for treatment of inoperable PDAC, which demonstrated a median survival increase from 8.9 months to 17.6 months in ten subjects augmented with sonoporation compared to 63 historical controls (p = 0.011). Recent efforts to optimize this platform and move forward to a larger Phase II clinical trial will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spiros Kotopoulis
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Image-Guided Drug Delivery. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Imaging plays a key role in the preclinical evaluation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems and it has provided important insights into their mechanism of action and therapeutic effect. Its role in supporting the clinical development of nanomedicine products, however, has been less explored. In this review, we summarize clinical studies in which imaging has provided valuable information on the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and target site accumulation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. Importantly, these studies provide convincing evidence on the uptake of nanomedicines in tumors, confirming that the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a real phenomenon in patients, albeit with fairly high levels of inter- and intraindividual variability. It is gradually becoming clear that imaging is critically important to help address this high heterogeneity. In support of this notion, a decent correlation between nanomedicine uptake in tumors and antitumor efficacy has recently been obtained in two independent studies in patients, exemplifying that image-guided drug delivery can help to pave the way towards individualized and improved nanomedicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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11
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Maji D, Lu J, Sarder P, Schmieder AH, Cui G, Yang X, Pan D, Lew MD, Achilefu S, Lanza GM. Cellular Trafficking of Sn-2 Phosphatidylcholine Prodrugs Studied with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Super-resolution Microscopy. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2018; 1:128-145. [PMID: 31249994 PMCID: PMC6597004 DOI: 10.33218/prnano1(2).180724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the in vivo efficacy of Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs incorporated into targeted, non-pegylated lipid-encapsulated nanoparticles was demonstrated in prior preclinical studies, the microscopic details of cell prodrug internalization and trafficking events are unknown. Classic fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and single-molecule super-resolution microscopy were used to investigate the cellular handling of doxorubicin-prodrug and AlexaFluor™-488-prodrug. Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs delivered by hemifusion of nanoparticle and cell phospholipid membranes functioned as phosphatidylcholine mimics, circumventing the challenges of endosome sequestration and release. Phosphatidylcholine prodrugs in the outer cell membrane leaflet translocated to the inner membrane leaflet by ATP-dependent and ATP-independent mechanisms and distributed broadly within the cytosolic membranes over the next 12 h. A portion of the phosphatidylcholine prodrug populated vesicle membranes trafficked to the perinuclear Golgi/ER region, where the drug was enzymatically liberated and activated. Native doxorubicin entered the cells, passed rapidly to the nucleus, and bound to dsDNA, whereas DOX was first enzymatically liberated from DOX-prodrug within the cytosol, particularly in the perinuclear region, before binding nuclear dsDNA. Much of DOX-prodrug was initially retained within intracellular membranes. In vitro anti-proliferation effectiveness of the two drug delivery approaches was equivalent at 48 h, suggesting that residual intracellular DOX-prodrug may constitute a slow-release drug reservoir that enhances effectiveness. We have demonstrated that Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs function as phosphatidylcholine mimics following reported pathways of phosphatidylcholine distribution and metabolism. Drug complexed to the Sn-2 fatty acid is enzymatically liberated and reactivated over many hours, which may enhance efficacy overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolonchampa Maji
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne H Schmieder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Matthew D Lew
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Centelles MN, Wright M, So PW, Amrahli M, Xu XY, Stebbing J, Miller AD, Gedroyc W, Thanou M. Image-guided thermosensitive liposomes for focused ultrasound drug delivery: Using NIRF-labelled lipids and topotecan to visualise the effects of hyperthermia in tumours. J Control Release 2018; 280:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Pellow C, Goertz DE, Zheng G. Breaking free from vascular confinement: status and prospects for submicron ultrasound contrast agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1502. [PMID: 29148219 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of encapsulated microbubbles (~1-6 μm) has expanded the utility of ultrasound from soft tissue anatomical imaging to not only functional intravascular imaging, but therapeutic interventions, with compelling studies of elicited biological effects. The large diameter of these bubbles has confined their utility to the vasculature, but converging interdisciplinary research pathways are giving rise to new submicron ultrasound contrast agents capable of extending their effects beyond the vascular compartment. This article reviews the status and prospects of exogenous agents including nanobubbles, echogenic liposomes, gas vesicles, cavitation seeds, and nanodroplets, and assesses outstanding criticisms preventing their advance. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Pellow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David E Goertz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Molecular imaging in drug development: Update and challenges for radiolabeled antibodies and nanotechnology. Methods 2017; 130:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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Wong PT, Tang S, Cannon J, Mukherjee J, Isham D, Gam K, Payne M, Yanik SA, Baker JR, Choi SK. A Thioacetal Photocage Designed for Dual Release: Application in the Quantitation of Therapeutic Release by Synchronous Reporter Decaging. Chembiochem 2017; 18:126-135. [PMID: 27902870 PMCID: PMC5213739 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the immense potential of existing photocaging technology, its application is limited by the paucity of advanced caging tools. Here, we report on the design of a novel thioacetal ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde (TNB) dual arm photocage that enabled control of the simultaneous release of two payloads linked to a single TNB unit. By using this cage, which was prepared in a single step from commercial 6-nitroverataldehyde, three drug-fluorophore conjugates were synthesized: Taxol-TNB-fluorescein, Taxol-TNB-coumarin, and doxorubicin-TNB-coumarin, and long-wavelength UVA light-triggered release experiments demonstrated that dual payload release occurred with rapid decay kinetics for each conjugate. In cell-based assays performed in vitro, dual release could also be controlled by UV exposure, resulting in increased cellular fluorescence and cytotoxicity with potency equal to that of unmodified drug towards the KB carcinoma cell line. The extent of such dual release was quantifiable by reporter fluorescence measured in situ and was found to correlate with the extent of cytotoxicity. Thus, this novel dual arm cage strategy provides a valuable tool that enables both active control and real-time monitoring of drug activation at the delivery site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela T Wong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jayme Cannon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jhindan Mukherjee
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Danielle Isham
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kristina Gam
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Payne
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sean A Yanik
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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16
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Goins B, Bao A, Phillips WT. Techniques for Loading Technetium-99m and Rhenium-186/188 Radionuclides into Preformed Liposomes for Diagnostic Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1522:155-178. [PMID: 27837538 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6591-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes can serve as carriers of radionuclides for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. Herein, procedures are outlined for radiolabeling liposomes with the gamma-emitting radionuclide, technetium-99m (99mTc), for noninvasive detection of disease and for monitoring the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomal drugs, and/or with therapeutic beta-emitting radionuclides, rhenium-186/188 (186/188Re), for radionuclide therapy. These efficient and practical liposome radiolabeling methods use a post-labeling mechanism to load 99mTc or 186/188Re into preformed liposomes prepared in advance of the labeling procedure. For all liposome radiolabeling methods described, a lipophilic chelator is used to transport 99mTc or 186/188Re across the lipid bilayer of the preformed liposomes. Once within the liposome interior, the pre-encapsulated glutathione or ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient provides for stable entrapment of the 99mTc and 186/188Re within the liposomes. In the first method, 99mTc is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and 99mTc-HMPAO becomes trapped by interaction with the pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the second method, 99mTc or 186/188Re is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), and 99mTc-BMEDA or 186/188Re-BMEDA becomes trapped by interaction with pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the third method, an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient loading technique is employed using liposomes with an extraliposomal pH of 7.4 and an interior pH of 5.1. BMEDA, which is lipophilic at pH 7.4, serves as a lipophilic chelator for 99mTc or 186/188Re to transport the radionuclides across the lipid bilayer. Once within the more acidic liposome interior, 99mTc/186/188Re-BMEDA complex becomes protonated and more hydrophilic, which results in stable entrapment of the 99mTc/186/188Re-BMEDA complex within the liposomes. Since many commercially available liposomal drugs use an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient for drug loading, these liposomal drugs can be directly radiolabeled with 99mTc-BMEDA for noninvasive monitoring of tissue distribution during treatment or with 186/188Re-BMEDA for combination chemo-radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Goins
- Department of Radiology, MSC 7800, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Ande Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - William T Phillips
- Department of Radiology, MSC 7800, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
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17
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Centelles MN, Wright M, Gedroyc W, Thanou M. Focused ultrasound induced hyperthermia accelerates and increases the uptake of anti-HER-2 antibodies in a xenograft model. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:144-151. [PMID: 27771465 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Image guided drug delivery has gained significant attention during the last few years. Labelling nanoparticles or macromolecules and monitoring their fate in the body provides information that can be used to modulate their biodistribution and improve their pharmacokinetics. In this study we label antibodies and monitor their distribution in the tumours post intravenous injection. Using Focused Ultrasound (FUS, a non-invasive method of hyperthermia) we increase the tumour temperature to 42°C for a short period of time (3-5min) and we observe an increased accumulation of labelled antibody. Repetition of focused ultrasound induced hyperthermic treatment increased still further the accumulation of the antibodies in the tumour. This treatment also augmented the accumulation of other macromolecules non-specific to the tumour, such as IgG and albumin. These effects may be used to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of antibodies and/or targeted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Wright
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Maya Thanou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK.
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18
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Appelbe OK, Zhang Q, Pelizzari CA, Weichselbaum RR, Kron SJ. Image-Guided Radiotherapy Targets Macromolecules through Altering the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3457-3467. [PMID: 27560921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to target tumors with nanomedicines rely on passive delivery via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, leveraging the disorganized tumor microvasculature to promote macromolecule extravasation and the reduced lymphatic and venous drainage that favor retention. Nonetheless, FDA approvals and clinical use of nanomedicines have lagged, reflecting failure to display superiority over conventional formulations. Here, we have exploited image-guided X-irradiation to augment nanoparticle accumulation in tumors. A single 5 Gy dose of radiation, below that required to significantly delay tumor growth, can markedly enhance delivery of macromolecules and nanoparticles. The radiation effect was independent of endothelial cell integrity, suggesting a primary role for damage to microvascular pericytes and/or interstitial extracellular matrix. Significantly, radiation-guided delivery potentiated the therapeutic effects of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin on experimental tumors. Applied to patients, these results suggest repurposing image-guided radiotherapy as a tool to guide cancer nanomedicine delivery, enhancing local control for primary tumors and metastatic disease while limiting systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Appelbe
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qingbei Zhang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Charles A Pelizzari
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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19
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Palekar RU, Jallouk AP, Lanza GM, Pan H, Wickline SA. Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis with nanoparticle-based fluorinated MRI contrast agents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1817-32. [PMID: 26080701 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As atherosclerosis remains one of the most prevalent causes of patient mortality, the ability to diagnose early signs of plaque rupture and thrombosis represents a significant clinical need. With recent advances in nanotechnology, it is now possible to image specific molecular processes noninvasively with MRI, using various types of nanoparticles as contrast agents. In the context of cardiovascular disease, it is possible to specifically deliver contrast agents to an epitope of interest for detecting vascular inflammatory processes, which serve as predecessors to atherosclerotic plaque development. Herein, we review various applications of nanotechnology in detecting atherosclerosis using MRI, with an emphasis on perfluorocarbon nanoparticles and fluorine imaging, along with theranostic prospects of nanotechnology in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Andrew P Jallouk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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20
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Chakravarty R, Hong H, Cai W. Image-Guided Drug Delivery with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography: A Review of Literature. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:592-609. [PMID: 25182469 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666140902125657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous resources are being invested all over the world for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of cancer. Successful cancer management depends on accurate diagnosis of the disease along with precise therapeutic protocol. The conventional systemic drug delivery approaches generally cannot completely remove the competent cancer cells without surpassing the toxicity limits to normal tissues. Therefore, development of efficient drug delivery systems holds prime importance in medicine and healthcare. Also, molecular imaging can play an increasingly important and revolutionizing role in disease management. Synergistic use of molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery approaches provides unique opportunities in a relatively new area called 'image-guided drug delivery' (IGDD). Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the most widely used nuclear imaging modality in clinical context and is increasingly being used to guide targeted therapeutics. The innovations in material science have fueled the development of efficient drug carriers based on, polymers, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, microparticles, nanoparticles, etc. Efficient utilization of these drug carriers along with SPECT imaging technology have the potential to transform patient care by personalizing therapy to the individual patient, lessening the invasiveness of conventional treatment procedures and rapidly monitoring the therapeutic efficacy. SPECT-IGDD is not only effective for the treatment of cancer but might also find utility in the management of several other diseases. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the latest advances in SPECT-IGDD procedures and discuss the challenges and opportunities for advancement of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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21
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Lee HJ, Yoon YI, Bae YJ. Theragnostic ultrasound using microbubbles in the treatment of prostate cancer. Ultrasonography 2016; 35:309-17. [PMID: 27197842 PMCID: PMC5040139 DOI: 10.14366/usg.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of gas-filled microbubbles in perfusion monitoring as intravascular ultrasound contrast agents has recently become more common. Additionally, microbubbles are employed as carriers of pharmaceutical substances or genes. Microbubbles have great potential to improve the delivery of therapeutic materials into cells and to modify vascular permeability, causing increased extravasation of drugs and drug carriers. Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in Europe and America, with an incidence twice to three times that of lung and colorectal cancer. Its incidence is still rising in Asian countries, including Japan and Korea. In this review, we present current strategies regarding the synthesis of microbubbles with targeted ligands on their surfaces, with a focus on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Chakravarty R, Goel S, Hong H, Chen F, Valdovinos HF, Hernandez R, Barnhart TE, Cai W. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tumor vasculature targeting and PET image-guided drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1233-46. [PMID: 25955122 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Development of multifunctional and well-dispersed hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) for tumor vasculature targeted drug delivery and PET imaging. MATERIALS & METHODS Amine functionalized HMSNs (150-250 nm) were conjugated with a macrocyclic chelator, (S)-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triaceticacid (NOTA), PEGylated and loaded with antiangiogenesis drug, Sunitinib. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) (cRGDyK) peptide was attached to the nanoconjugate and radiolabeled with (64)Cu for PET imaging. RESULTS (64)Cu-NOTA-HMSN-PEG-cRGDyK exhibited integrin-specific uptake both in vitro and in vivo. PET results indicated approximately 8% ID/g uptake of targeted nanoconjugates in U87MG tumors, which correlated well with ex vivo and histological analyses. Enhanced tumor-targeted delivery of sunitinib was also observed. CONCLUSION We successfully developed tumor vasculature targeted HMSNs for PET imaging and image-guided drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA
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23
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Eetezadi S, Ekdawi SN, Allen C. The challenges facing block copolymer micelles for cancer therapy: In vivo barriers and clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:7-22. [PMID: 25308250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of block copolymer micelles (BCMs) in oncology has benefitted from advances in polymer chemistry, drug formulation and delivery as well as in vitro and in vivo biological models. While great strides have been made in each of these individual areas, there remains some disappointment overall, citing, in particular, the absence of more BCM formulations in clinical evaluation and practice. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges presented by in vivo systems to the effective design and development of BCMs. In particular, the barriers posed by systemic administration and tumor properties are examined. The impact of critical features, such as the size, stability and functionalization of BCMs is discussed, while key pre-clinical endpoints and models are critiqued. Given clinical considerations, we present this work as a means to stimulate a renewed focus on the unique chemical versatility bestowed by BCMs and a measured grasp of representative in vitro and in vivo models.
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24
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Miller DL, Dou C, Lu X, Zhu YI, Fabiilli ML, Owens GE, Kripfgans OD. Use of Theranostic Strategies in Myocardial Cavitation-Enabled Therapy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:1865-75. [PMID: 25890888 PMCID: PMC4461496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of microlesions induced by ultrasound interaction with contrast microbubbles in the myocardium potentially represents a new method of tissue reduction therapy. Anesthetized rats were treated in a heated water bath with 1.5-MHz focused ultrasound pulses triggered once every four heartbeats from the electrocardiogram during infusion of microbubble contrast agent. Treatment was guided by an 8-MHz B-mode imaging transducer, which also was used to provide estimates of left ventricular echogenicity as a possible predictor of efficacy during treatment. Strategies to reduce prospective clinical treatment durations were tested, including pulse modulation to simulate a theranostic scanning strategy and an increased agent infusion rate over shorter durations. Sources of variability, including ultrasound path variation and venous catheter placement, also were investigated. Electrocardiographic premature complexes were monitored, and Evans-blue stained cardiomyocyte scores were obtained from frozen sections. Left ventricular echogenicity reflected variations in the infused microbubble concentration, but failed to predict efficacy. Comparison of suspensions of varied microbubble size revealed that left ventricular echogenicity was dominated by larger bubbles, whereas efficacy appeared to be dependent on smaller sizes. Simulated scanning was as effective as the normal fixed-beam treatment, and high agent infusion allowed reduced treatment duration. The success of these theranostic strategies may increase the prospects for realistic clinical translation of myocardial cavitation-enabled therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Miller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Chunyan Dou
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yiying I Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabe E Owens
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Rizzitelli S, Giustetto P, Cutrin JC, Delli Castelli D, Boffa C, Ruzza M, Menchise V, Molinari F, Aime S, Terreno E. Sonosensitive theranostic liposomes for preclinical in vivo MRI-guided visualization of doxorubicin release stimulated by pulsed low intensity non-focused ultrasound. J Control Release 2015; 202:21-30. [PMID: 25626083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess the theranostic performance of a nanomedicine able to generate MRI contrast as a response to the release from liposomes of the antitumor drug Doxorubicin triggered by the local exposure to pulsed low intensity non focused ultrasounds (pLINFU). In vitro experiments showed that Gadoteridol was an excellent imaging agent for probing the release of Doxorubicin following pLINFU stimulation. On this basis, the theranostic system was investigated in vivo on a syngeneic murine model of TS/A breast cancer. MRI offered an excellent guidance for monitoring the pLINFU-stimulated release of the drug. Moreover, it provided: i) an in vivo proof of the effective release of the liposomal content, and ii) a confirmation of the therapeutic benefits of the overall protocol. Ex vivo fluorescence microscopy indicated that the good therapeutic outcome was originated from a better diffusion of the drug in the tumor following the pLINFU stimulus. Very interestingly, the broad diffusion of the drug in the tumor stroma appeared to be mediated by the presence of the liposomes themselves. The results of this study highlighted either the great potential of US-based stimuli to safely trigger the release of a drug from its nanocarrier or the associated significant therapeutic improvement. Finally, MRI demonstrated to be a valuable technique to support chemotherapy and monitoring the outcome. Furthermore, in this specific case, the theranostic agent developed has a high clinical translatability because the MRI agent utilized is already approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rizzitelli
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - P Giustetto
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - J C Cutrin
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - D Delli Castelli
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - C Boffa
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - M Ruzza
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - V Menchise
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy
| | - F Molinari
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Aime
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - E Terreno
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy.
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26
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Abstract
The development of novel antitumor agents that have high efficacy in suppressing tumor growth, have low toxicity to nontumor tissues, and exhibit rapid localization in the targeted tumor sites is an ongoing avenue of research at the interface of chemistry, cancer biology, and pharmacology. Supramolecular metal-based coordination complexes (SCCs) have well-defined shapes and geometries, and upon their internalization, SCCs could affect multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in cells and tissues. We investigated the uptake, intracellular localization, and antitumor activity of two rhomboidal Pt(II)-based SCCs. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy in A549 and HeLa cells was used to determine the uptake and localization of the assemblies within cells and their effect on tumor growth was investigated in mouse s.c. tumor xenograft models. The SCCs are soluble in cell culture media within the entire range of studied concentrations (1 nM-5 µM), are nontoxic, and showed efficacy in reducing the rate of tumor growth in s.c. mouse tumor xenografts. These properties reveal the potential of Pt(II)-based SCCs for future biomedical applications as therapeutic agents.
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27
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Image-guided interventional therapy for cancer with radiotherapeutic nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:39-59. [PMID: 25016083 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the major limitations of current cancer therapy is the inability to deliver tumoricidal agents throughout the entire tumor mass using traditional intravenous administration. Nanoparticles carrying beta-emitting therapeutic radionuclides that are delivered using advanced image-guidance have significant potential to improve solid tumor therapy. The use of image-guidance in combination with nanoparticle carriers can improve the delivery of localized radiation to tumors. Nanoparticles labeled with certain beta-emitting radionuclides are intrinsically theranostic agents that can provide information regarding distribution and regional dosimetry within the tumor and the body. Image-guided thermal therapy results in increased uptake of intravenous nanoparticles within tumors, improving therapy. In addition, nanoparticles are ideal carriers for direct intratumoral infusion of beta-emitting radionuclides by convection enhanced delivery, permitting the delivery of localized therapeutic radiation without the requirement of the radionuclide exiting from the nanoparticle. With this approach, very high doses of radiation can be delivered to solid tumors while sparing normal organs. Recent technological developments in image-guidance, convection enhanced delivery and newly developed nanoparticles carrying beta-emitting radionuclides will be reviewed. Examples will be shown describing how this new approach has promise for the treatment of brain, head and neck, and other types of solid tumors.
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Bu L, Shen B, Cheng Z. Fluorescent imaging of cancerous tissues for targeted surgery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:21-38. [PMID: 25064553 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To maximize tumor excision and minimize collateral damage are the primary goals of cancer surgery. Emerging molecular imaging techniques have made "image-guided surgery" developed into "molecular imaging-guided surgery", which is termed as "targeted surgery" in this review. Consequently, the precision of surgery can be advanced from tissue-scale to molecule-scale, enabling "targeted surgery" to be a component of "targeted therapy". Evidence from numerous experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated significant benefits of fluorescent imaging in targeted surgery with preoperative molecular diagnostic screening. Fluorescent imaging can help to improve intraoperative staging and enable more radical cytoreduction, detect obscure tumor lesions in special organs, highlight tumor margins, better map lymph node metastases, and identify important normal structures intraoperatively. Though limited tissue penetration of fluorescent imaging and tumor heterogeneity are two major hurdles for current targeted surgery, multimodality imaging and multiplex imaging may provide potential solutions to overcome these issues, respectively. Moreover, though many fluorescent imaging techniques and probes have been investigated, targeted surgery remains at a proof-of-principle stage. The impact of fluorescent imaging on cancer surgery will likely be realized through persistent interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.
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Chakravarty R, Hong H, Cai W. Positron emission tomography image-guided drug delivery: current status and future perspectives. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3777-97. [PMID: 24865108 PMCID: PMC4218872 DOI: 10.1021/mp500173s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Positron
emission tomography (PET) is an important modality in
the field of molecular imaging, which is gradually impacting patient
care by providing safe, fast, and reliable techniques that help to
alter the course of patient care by revealing invasive, de facto procedures
to be unnecessary or rendering them obsolete. Also, PET provides a
key connection between the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology
of disease and the according targeted therapies. Recently, PET imaging
is also gaining ground in the field of drug delivery. Current drug
delivery research is focused on developing novel drug delivery systems
with emphasis on precise targeting, accurate dose delivery, and minimal
toxicity in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. At the
intersection between PET imaging and controlled drug delivery, interest
has grown in combining both these paradigms into clinically effective
formulations. PET image-guided drug delivery has great potential to
revolutionize patient care by in vivo assessment
of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site and real-time
monitoring of the therapeutic outcome. The expected end point of this
approach is to provide fundamental support for the optimization of
innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could contribute
to emerging concepts in the field of “personalized medicine”.
This review focuses on the recent developments in PET image-guided
drug delivery and discusses intriguing opportunities for future development.
The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it
is evident that such strategies in cancer management hold promise
for clinically translatable advances that can positively impact the
overall diagnostic and therapeutic processes and result in enhanced
quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrit Moonen
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging—Unit 59, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, Tel: 713-792-5182,
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