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Furukawa H, Nakamura S, Mizuta R, Sakamoto K, Inaba H, Sawada SI, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Matsuura K. Enveloped Viral Replica Equipped with Spike Protein Derived from SARS-CoV-2. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 38885191 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic viral nanostructures are useful as materials for analyzing the biological behavior of natural viruses and as vaccine materials. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped virus embedding a spike (S) protein involved in host cell infection. Although nanomaterials modified with an S protein without an envelope membrane have been developed, they are considered unsuitable for stability and functionality. We previously constructed an enveloped viral replica complexed with a cationic lipid bilayer and an anionic artificial viral capsid self-assembled from β-annulus peptides. In this study, we report the first example of an enveloped viral replica equipped with an S protein derived from SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, even the S protein equipped on the enveloped viral replica bound strongly to the free angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as well as ACE2 localized on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Sosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mizuta
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kentarou Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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2
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Solomonov A, Kozell A, Shimanovich U. Designing Multifunctional Biomaterials via Protein Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318365. [PMID: 38206201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein self-assembly is a fundamental biological process where proteins spontaneously organize into complex and functional structures without external direction. This process is crucial for the formation of various biological functionalities. However, when protein self-assembly fails, it can trigger the development of multiple disorders, thus making understanding this phenomenon extremely important. Up until recently, protein self-assembly has been solely linked either to biological function or malfunction; however, in the past decade or two it has also been found to hold promising potential as an alternative route for fabricating materials for biomedical applications. It is therefore necessary and timely to summarize the key aspects of protein self-assembly: how the protein structure and self-assembly conditions (chemical environments, kinetics, and the physicochemical characteristics of protein complexes) can be utilized to design biomaterials. This minireview focuses on the basic concepts of forming supramolecular structures, and the existing routes for modifications. We then compare the applicability of different approaches, including compartmentalization and self-assembly monitoring. Finally, based on the cutting-edge progress made during the last years, we summarize the current knowledge about tailoring a final function by introducing changes in self-assembly and link it to biomaterials' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Solomonov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl st., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Kozell
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl st., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl st., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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3
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Pacios LF, Sánchez F, Ponz F. Intrinsic disorder in the dynamic evolution of structure, stability, and flexibility of potyviral VLP assemblies: A computational study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127798. [PMID: 37924902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
An all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) study was applied to three viral nanoparticles (VLPs) of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a potyvirus: the particles genetically functionalized with two peptides, VIP (human vasoactive intestinal peptide) and VEGFR (peptide derived from the human receptor 3 of the vascular endothelial growth factor), and the non-functionalized VLP. Previous experimental results showed that VIP-VLP was the only construct of the three that was not viable. VLPs subjected to our MD study were modeled by four complete turns of the particle involving 35 subunits of the coat protein (CP). The MD simulations showed differences in structures and interaction energies associated to the crucial contribution of the disordered N-terminal arms of CP to the global stability of the particle. These differences suggested an overall stability greater in VEGFR-VLP and smaller in VIP-VLP as compared to the unfunctionalized VLP. Our novel MD study of potyviral VLPs revealed essential clues about structure and interactions of these assembled protein particles and suggests that the computational prediction of the viability of VLPs can be a valuable contribution in the field of viral nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Pacios
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Martínez A, Porras A, Pastor AR, Palomares LA, Ramírez OT. One-Step Purification Strategy for Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus-Like Particles Produced by the IC-BEVS. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2829:237-246. [PMID: 38951339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3961-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLP) of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), a plant virus, have been shown to be safe and noncytotoxic vehicles for delivering various cargos, including nucleic acids and peptides, and as scaffolds for presenting epitopes. Thus, CCMV-VLP have acquired increasing attention to be used in fields such as gene therapy, drug delivery, and vaccine development. Regardless of their production method, most reports purify CCMV-VLP through a series of ultracentrifugation steps using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, which is a complex and time-consuming process. Here, the use of anion exchange chromatography is described as a one-step protocol for purification of CCMV-VLP produced by the insect cell-baculovirus expression vector system (IC-BEVS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayeli Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alberto Porras
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Pastor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Octavio T Ramírez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Furukawa H, Kimura Y, Inaba H, Matsuura K. A supramolecular system mimicking the infection process of an enveloped virus through membrane fusion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19934. [PMID: 37968508 PMCID: PMC10651892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is an essential step for the entry of enveloped viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, into the host cell, often triggered by the binding of membrane proteins on the viral envelope to host cell membrane. Recently, external stimuli was shown to trigger membrane fusion in an artificial system. Direct observation of artificial membrane fusion using a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV), which is similar in size to a cell, is useful as a biological model system. However, there are no model systems for studying membrane fusion of enveloped viruses with host cells. Here, we report a supramolecular model system for viral entry into a GUV or cell through membrane fusion. The system was constructed by complexing a cationic lipid bilayer on an anionic artificial viral capsid, self-assembled from viral β-annulus peptides. We demonstrate that the cationic enveloped artificial viral capsid electrostatically interacts with the anionic GUV or cell, and the capsid enters the GUV or cell through membrane fusion. The model system established in this study will be important for analyzing membrane fusion during infection of a natural virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Yuuna Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan.
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan.
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McNeale D, Esquirol L, Okada S, Strampel S, Dashti N, Rehm B, Douglas T, Vickers C, Sainsbury F. Tunable In Vivo Colocalization of Enzymes within P22 Capsid-Based Nanoreactors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17705-17715. [PMID: 36995754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage P22 have been explored as biomimetic catalytic compartments. In vivo colocalization of enzymes within P22 VLPs uses sequential fusion to the scaffold protein, resulting in equimolar concentrations of enzyme monomers. However, control over enzyme stoichiometry, which has been shown to influence pathway flux, is key to realizing the full potential of P22 VLPs as artificial metabolons. We present a tunable strategy for stoichiometric control over in vivo co-encapsulation of P22 cargo proteins, verified for fluorescent protein cargo by Förster resonance energy transfer. This was then applied to a two-enzyme reaction cascade. l-homoalanine, an unnatural amino acid and chiral precursor to several drugs, can be synthesized from the readily available l-threonine by the sequential activity of threonine dehydratase and glutamate dehydrogenase. We found that the loading density of both enzymes influences their activity, with higher activity found at lower loading density implying an impact of molecular crowding on enzyme activity. Conversely, increasing overall loading density by increasing the amount of threonine dehydratase can increase activity from the rate-limiting glutamate dehydrogenase. This work demonstrates the in vivo colocalization of multiple heterologous cargo proteins in a P22-based nanoreactor and shows that controlled stoichiometry of individual enzymes in an enzymatic cascade is required for the optimal design of nanoscale biocatalytic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna McNeale
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shoko Okada
- CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shai Strampel
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Noor Dashti
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Claudia Vickers
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biological and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
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7
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Muhren HJ, van der Schoot P. Electrostatic Theory of the Acidity of the Solution in the Lumina of Viruses and Virus-Like Particles. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2160-2168. [PMID: 36881522 PMCID: PMC10026070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Maassen et al. measured an appreciable pH difference between the bulk solution and the solution in the lumen of virus-like particles, self-assembled in an aqueous buffer solution containing the coat proteins of a simple plant virus and polyanions (Maassen, S. J.; et al. Small 2018, 14, 1802081). They attribute this to the Donnan effect, caused by an imbalance between the number of negative charges on the encapsulated polyelectrolyte molecules and the number of positive charges on the RNA binding domains of the coat proteins that make up the virus shell or capsid. By applying Poisson-Boltzmann theory, we confirm this conclusion and show that simple Donnan theory is accurate even for the smallest of viruses and virus-like particles. This, in part, is due to the additional screening caused by the presence of a large number of immobile charges in the cavity of the shell. The presence of a net charge on the outer surface of the capsid we find in practice to not have a large effect on the pH shift. Hence, Donnan theory can indeed be applied to connect the local pH and the amount of encapsulated material. The large shifts up to a full pH unit that we predict must have consequences for applications of virus capsids as nanocontainers in bionanotechnology and artificial cell organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Muhren
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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