1
|
Kozell A, Solomonov A, Gaidarov R, Benyamin D, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Greenblatt HM, Levy Y, Amir A, Raviv U, Shimanovich U. Sound-mediated nucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils. bioRxiv 2024:2023.09.16.558053. [PMID: 37745331 PMCID: PMC10516038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.16.558053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical energy, specifically in the form of ultrasound, can induce pressure variations and temperature fluctuations when applied to an aqueous media. These conditions can both positively and negatively affect protein complexes, consequently altering their stability, folding patterns, and self-assembling behavior. Despite much scientific progress, our current understanding of the effects of ultrasound on the self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins remains limited. In the present study, we demonstrate that when the amplitude of the delivered ultrasonic energy is sufficiently low, it can induce refolding of specific motifs in protein monomers, which is sufficient for primary nucleation; this has been revealed by MD. These ultrasound-induced structural changes are initiated by pressure perturbations and are accelerated by a temperature factor. Furthermore, the prolonged action of low-amplitude ultrasound enables the elongation of amyloid protein nanofibrils directly from natively folded monomeric lysozyme protein, in a controlled manner, until it reaches a critical length. Using solution X-ray scattering, we determined that nanofibrillar assemblies, formed either under the action of sound or from natively fibrillated lysozyme, share identical structural characteristics. Thus, these results provide insights into the effects of ultrasound on fibrillar protein self-assembly and lay the foundation for the potential use of sound energy in protein chemistry. Significance Statement Understanding how and why proteins form amyloid fibrils is crucial for research into various diseases, including neurodegeneration. Ultrasound is routinely used in research settings as a tool for generating amyloid seeds (nucleation sites) from mature fibrils, which accelerate the rate of fibril growth. However, ultrasound can have various effects on aqueous media including temperature, extreme shear, and free radicals. Here we show that when the ultrasound parameters are precisely adjusted, they can be utilized as a tool for amyloid growth directly from the natively folded monomers. Thus, it is possible to induce minor changes in the folding of proteins, which trigger nucleation and accelerate amyloid growth. This knowledge lays the foundation for the potential use of sound in protein chemistry.
Collapse
|
2
|
Solomonov A, Kozell A, Shimanovich U. Designing Multifunctional Biomaterials via Protein Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318365. [PMID: 38206201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein self-assembly is a fundamental biological process where proteins spontaneously organize into complex and functional structures without external direction. This process is crucial for the formation of various biological functionalities. However, when protein self-assembly fails, it can trigger the development of multiple disorders, thus making understanding this phenomenon extremely important. Up until recently, protein self-assembly has been solely linked either to biological function or malfunction; however, in the past decade or two it has also been found to hold promising potential as an alternative route for fabricating materials for biomedical applications. It is therefore necessary and timely to summarize the key aspects of protein self-assembly: how the protein structure and self-assembly conditions (chemical environments, kinetics, and the physicochemical characteristics of protein complexes) can be utilized to design biomaterials. This minireview focuses on the basic concepts of forming supramolecular structures, and the existing routes for modifications. We then compare the applicability of different approaches, including compartmentalization and self-assembly monitoring. Finally, based on the cutting-edge progress made during the last years, we summarize the current knowledge about tailoring a final function by introducing changes in self-assembly and link it to biomaterials' performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Solomonov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl st., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Kozell
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl st., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl st., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rosenberg A, Solomonov A, Cohen H, Eliaz D, Kellersztein I, Brookstein O, Kozell A, Wang L, Wagner HD, Daraio C, Shimanovich U. From Basic Principles of Protein-Polysaccharide Association to the Rational Design of Thermally Sensitive Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:9210-9223. [PMID: 38330192 PMCID: PMC10895586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Biology resolves design requirements toward functional materials by creating nanostructured composites, where individual components are combined to maximize the macroscale material performance. A major challenge in utilizing such design principles is the trade-off between the preservation of individual component properties and emerging composite functionalities. Here, polysaccharide pectin and silk fibroin were investigated in their composite form with pectin as a thermal-responsive ion conductor and fibroin with exceptional mechanical strength. We show that segregative phase separation occurs upon mixing, and within a limited compositional range, domains ∼50 nm in size are formed and distributed homogeneously so that decent matrix collective properties are established. The composite is characterized by slight conformational changes in the silk domains, sequestering the hydrogen-bonded β-sheets as well as the emergence of randomized pectin orientations. However, most dominant in the composite's properties is the introduction of dense domain interfaces, leading to increased hydration, surface hydrophilicity, and increased strain of the composite material. Using controlled surface charging in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we further demonstrate Ca ions (Ca2+) diffusion in the pectin domains, with which the fingerprints of interactions at domain interfaces are revealed. Both the thermal response and the electrical conductance were found to be strongly dependent on the degree of composite hydration. Our results provide a fundamental understanding of the role of interfacial interactions and their potential applications in the design of material properties, polysaccharide-protein composites in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Aleksei Solomonov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dror Eliaz
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Israel Kellersztein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ori Brookstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anna Kozell
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Linghui Wang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hanoch Daniel Wagner
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Chiara Daraio
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kozell A, Solomonov A, Shimanovich U. Effects of sound energy on proteins and their complexes. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:3013-3037. [PMID: 37838939 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical energy in the form of ultrasound and protein complexes intuitively have been considered as two distinct unrelated topics. However, in the past few years, increasingly more attention has been paid to the ability of ultrasound to induce chemical modifications on protein molecules that further change protein-protein interaction and protein self-assembling behavior. Despite efforts to decipher the exact structure and the behavior-modifying effects of ultrasound on proteins, our current understanding of these aspects remains limited. The limitation arises from the complexity of both phenomena. Ultrasound produces multiple chemical, mechanical, and thermal effects in aqueous media. Proteins are dynamic molecules with diverse complexation mechanisms. This review provides an exhaustive analysis of the progress made in better understanding the role of ultrasound in protein complexation. It describes in detail how ultrasound affects an aqueous environment and the impact of each effect separately and when combined with the protein structure and fold, the protein-protein interaction, and finally the protein self-assembly. It specifically focuses on modifying role of ultrasound in amyloid self-assembly, where the latter is associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozell
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aleksei Solomonov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aggarwal N, Eliaz D, Cohen H, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Cohen SR, Kozell A, Mason TO, Shimanovich U. Protein nanofibril design via manipulation of hydrogen bonds. Commun Chem 2021; 4:62. [PMID: 36697777 PMCID: PMC9814780 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of amyloid nanofibril formation has broad implications including the generation of the strongest natural materials, namely silk fibers, and their major contribution to the progression of many degenerative diseases. The key question that remains unanswered is whether the amyloidogenic nature, which includes the characteristic H-bonded β-sheet structure and physical characteristics of protein assemblies, can be modified via controlled intervention of the molecular interactions. Here we show that tailored changes in molecular interactions, specifically in the H-bonded network, do not affect the nature of amyloidogenic fibrillation, and even have minimal effect on the initial nucleation events of self-assembly. However, they do trigger changes in networks at a higher hierarchical level, namely enhanced 2D packaging which is rationalized by the 3D hierarchy of β-sheet assembly, leading to variations in fibril morphology, structural composition and, remarkably, nanomechanical properties. These results pave the way to a better understanding of the role of molecular interactions in sculpting the structural and physical properties of protein supramolecular constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Aggarwal
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Eliaz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Rosenhek-Goldian
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sidney R. Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Kozell
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas O. Mason
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen WH, Vázquez-González M, Kozell A, Cecconello A, Willner I. Cu 2+ -Modified Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles: A Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanoenzyme. Small 2018; 14:1703149. [PMID: 29205812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of UiO-type metal-organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs) composed of Zr4+ ions bridged by 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid ligands and the postmodification of the NMOFs with Cu2+ ions are described. The resulting Cu2+ -modified NMOFs, Cu2+ -NMOFs, exhibit peroxidase-like catalytic activities reflected by the catalyzed oxidation of Amplex-Red to the fluorescent Resorufin by H2 O2 , the catalyzed oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome by H2 O2 , and the catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol/H2 O2 . Also, the Cu2+ -NMOFs mimic NADH peroxidase functions and catalyze the oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ , in the presence of H2 O2 . The Cu2+ -NMOFs-catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol/H2 O2 is used to develop a glucose sensor by monitoring the H2 O2 formed by the aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid in the presence of glucose oxidase. Furthermore, loading the Cu2+ -NMOFs with fluorescein and activating the catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol/H2 O2 yield an efficient chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) process to the fluorescein reflected by the activation of the fluorescence of the dye (λ = 520 nm, CRET efficiency 35%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hai Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Margarita Vázquez-González
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Anna Kozell
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alessandro Cecconello
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vázquez-González M, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Kozell A, Liao WC, Cecconello A, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM, Willner I. Mimicking Peroxidase Activities with Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Their Cyanometalate Structural Analogues. Nano Lett 2017; 17:4958-4963. [PMID: 28656770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of Prussian Blue, PB, and the cyanometalate structural analogues, CuFe, FeCoFe, and FeCo, are examined as inorganic clusters that mimic the functions of peroxidases. PB acts as a superior catalyst for the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome by H2O2. The oxidation of dopamine by H2O2 in the presence of PB is 6-fold faster than in the presence of CuFe. The cluster FeCo does not catalyze the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome. The most efficient catalyst for the generation of chemiluminescence by the oxidation of luminol by H2O2 is, however, FeCo, and PB lacks any catalytic activity toward the generation of chemiluminescence. The order of catalyzed chemiluminescence generation is FeCo ≫ CuFe > FeCoFe. The clusters PB, CuFe, FeCoFe, and FeCo mimic the functions of NADH peroxidase. The catalyzed oxidation of NADH by H2O2 to form NAD+ follows the order PB ≫ CuFe ∼ FeCoFe, FeCo. The efficient generation of chemiluminescence by the FeCo-catalyzed oxidation of luminol by H2O2 is used to develop a glucose sensor. The aerobic oxidation of glucose in the presence of glucose oxidase, GOx, yields gluconic acid and H2O2. The chemiluminescence intensities formed by the GOx-generated H2O2 relate to the concentration of glucose, thus providing a quantitative readout signal for the concentrations of glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Vázquez-González
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Anna Kozell
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Wei-Ching Liao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Alessandro Cecconello
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid E-28040, Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Cantoblanco University , Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuntze K, Kozell A, Richnow HH, Halicz L, Nijenhuis I, Gelman F. Dual Carbon-Bromine Stable Isotope Analysis Allows Distinguishing Transformation Pathways of Ethylene Dibromide. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:9855-9863. [PMID: 27526716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated dual carbon-bromine isotope fractionation of the common groundwater contaminant ethylene dibromide (EDB) during chemical and biological transformations, including aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, alkaline hydrolysis, Fenton-like degradation, debromination by Zn(0) and reduced corrinoids. Significantly different correlation of carbon and bromine isotope fractionation (ΛC/Br) was observed not only for the processes following different transformation pathways, but also for abiotic and biotic processes with, the presumed, same formal chemical degradation mechanism. The studied processes resulted in a wide range of ΛC/Br values: ΛC/Br = 30.1 was observed for hydrolysis of EDB in alkaline solution; ΛC/Br between 4.2 and 5.3 were determined for dibromoelimination pathway with reduced corrinoids and Zn(0) particles; EDB biodegradation by Ancylobacter aquaticus and Sulfurospirillum multivorans resulted in ΛC/Br = 10.7 and 2.4, respectively; Fenton-like degradation resulted in carbon isotope fractionation only, leading to ΛC/Br ∞. Calculated carbon apparent kinetic isotope effects ((13)C-AKIE) fell with 1.005 to 1.035 within expected ranges according to the theoretical KIE, however, biotic transformations resulted in weaker carbon isotope effects than respective abiotic transformations. Relatively large bromine isotope effects with (81)Br-AKIE of 1.0012-1.002 and 1.0021-1.004 were observed for nucleophilic substitution and dibromoelimination, respectively, and reveal so far underestimated strong bromine isotope effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kuntze
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Kozell
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw , 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kozell A, Yecheskel Y, Balaban N, Dror I, Halicz L, Ronen Z, Gelman F. Application of dual carbon-bromine isotope analysis for investigating abiotic transformations of tribromoneopentyl alcohol (TBNPA). Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:4433-4440. [PMID: 25723316 DOI: 10.1021/es504887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many of polybrominated organic compounds, used as flame retardant additives, belong to the group of persistent organic pollutants. Compound-specific isotope analysis is one of the potential analytical tools for investigating their fate in the environment. However, the isotope effects associated with transformations of brominated organic compounds are still poorly explored. In the present study, we investigated carbon and bromine isotope fractionation during degradation of tribromoneopentyl alcohol (TBNPA), one of the widely used flame retardant additives, in three different chemical processes: transformation in aqueous alkaline solution (pH 8); reductive dehalogenation by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) in anoxic conditions; oxidative degradation by H2O2 in the presence of CuO nanoparticles (nCuO). Two-dimensional carbon-bromine isotope plots (δ(13)C/Δ(81)Br) for each reaction gave different process-dependent isotope slopes (Λ(C/Br)): 25.2 ± 2.5 for alkaline hydrolysis (pH 8); 3.8 ± 0.5 for debromination in the presence of nZVI in anoxic conditions; ∞ in the case of catalytic oxidation by H2O2 with nCuO. The obtained isotope effects for both elements were generally in agreement with the values expected for the suggested reaction mechanisms. The results of the present study support further applications of dual carbon-bromine isotope analysis as a tool for identification of reaction pathway during transformations of brominated organic compounds in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozell
- †Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yinon Yecheskel
- §Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Balaban
- ∥Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Ishai Dror
- §Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- †Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
- ⊥Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Zeev Ronen
- ∥Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Faina Gelman
- †Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|