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Chen Z, Zhang J, Feng T, Wang X, Zhou S, Pan W, Chen Z, Yan Y, Dai J. DDX20 positively regulates the interferon pathway to inhibit viral infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105875. [PMID: 38552910 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The DEAD-box (DDX) family comprises RNA helicases characterized by the conserved sequence D(Asp)-E(Glu)-A(Ala)-D(Asp), participating in various RNA metabolism processes. Some DDX family members have been identified for their crucial roles in viral infections. In this study, RNAi library screening of the DDX family unveiled the antiviral activity of DDX20. Knockdown of DDX20 enhanced the replication of viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1), while overexpression of DDX20 significantly diminished the replication level of these viruses. Mechanistically, DDX20 elevated the phosphorylation level of IRF3 induced by external stimuli by facilitating the interaction between TBK1 and IRF3, thereby promoting the expression of IFN-β. The increased IFN-β production, in turn, upregulated the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including Cig5 and IFIT1, thereby exerting the antiviral effect. Finally, in an in vivo infection study, Ddx20 gene-deficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility to viral infection. This study provides new evidence that DDX20 positively modulates the interferon pathway and restricts viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Wen Pan
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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2
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He L, Yang J, Hao Y, Yang X, Shi X, Zhang D, Zhao D, Yan W, Bie X, Chen L, Chen G, Zhao S, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang K. DDX20: A Multifunctional Complex Protein. Molecules 2023; 28:7198. [PMID: 37894677 PMCID: PMC10608988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DEAD-box decapping enzyme 20 (DDX20) is a putative RNA-decapping enzyme that can be identified by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD). Cellular processes involve numerous RNA secondary structure alterations, including translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and assembly of ribosomes and spliceosomes. DDX20 reportedly plays an important role in cellular transcription and post-transcriptional modifications. On the one hand, DDX20 can interact with various transcription factors and repress the transcriptional process. On the other hand, DDX20 forms the survival motor neuron complex and participates in the assembly of snRNP, ultimately affecting the RNA splicing process. Finally, DDX20 can potentially rely on its RNA-unwinding enzyme function to participate in microRNA (miRNA) maturation and act as a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex. In addition, although DDX20 is not a key component in the innate immune system signaling pathway, it can affect the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p53 signaling pathways. In particular, DDX20 plays different roles in tumorigenesis development through the NF-κB signaling pathway. This process is regulated by various factors such as miRNA. DDX20 can influence processes such as viral replication in cells by interacting with two proteins in Epstein-Barr virus and can regulate the replication process of several viruses through the innate immune system, indicating that DDX20 plays an important role in the innate immune system. Herein, we review the effects of DDX20 on the innate immune system and its role in transcriptional and post-transcriptional modification processes, based on which we provide an outlook on the future of DDX20 research in innate immunity and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Dengshuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wenqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xintian Bie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Siyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Naineni SK, Robert F, Nagar B, Pelletier J. Targeting DEAD-box RNA helicases: The emergence of molecular staples. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1738. [PMID: 35581936 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA helicases constitute a large family of proteins that play critical roles in mediating RNA function. They have been implicated in all facets of gene expression pathways involving RNA, from transcription to processing, transport and translation, and storage and decay. There is significant interest in developing small molecule inhibitors to RNA helicases as some family members have been documented to be dysregulated in neurological and neurodevelopment disorders, as well as in cancers. Although different functional properties of RNA helicases offer multiple opportunities for small molecule development, molecular staples have recently come to the forefront. These bifunctional molecules interact with both protein and RNA components to lock them together, thereby imparting novel gain-of-function properties to their targets. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Naineni
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Robert
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Ma Z, Song J, Hua Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Wang H, Hou L. The role of DDX46 in breast cancer proliferation and invasiveness: A potential therapeutic target. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:283-291. [PMID: 36200534 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DDX46, a member of DEAD-box (DDX) proteins, is associated with various cancers, while its involvement in the pathogenesis of breast cancer hasn't been reported so far. The study demonstrated the overexpression of DDX46 in human breast cancer cells and tissue samples, and correlated with high histological grade and lymph node metastasis. Downregulation of DDX46 in the breast cancer cell lines inhibited their proliferation and invasiveness in vitro. Furthermore, the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts was suppressed in nude mice by DDX46 knockingdown. Taken together, our findings suggest that DDX46 is an oncogenic factor in human breast cancer, and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlian Song
- Department of Laboratory, Qingdao University Affiliated Qingdao Women and Childrens Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Hua
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Qingdao University Medical College
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5
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Amer NN, Khairat R, Hammad AM, Kamel MM. DDX43 mRNA expression and protein levels in relation to clinicopathological profile of breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284455. [PMID: 37200388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most often diagnosed cancer in women globally. Cancer cells appear to rely heavily on RNA helicases. DDX43 is one of DEAD- box RNA helicase family members. But, the relationship between clinicopathological, prognostic significance in different BC subtypes and DDX43 expression remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of DDX43 protein and mRNA expression in different BC subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 females newly diagnosed with BC and 20 control females that were age-matched were recruited for this study. DDX43 protein levels were measured by ELISA technique. We used a real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification (real-time PCR) to measure the levels of DDX43 mRNA expression. Levels of DDX43 protein and mRNA expression within BC patients had been compared to those of control subjects and correlated with clinicopathological data. RESULTS The mean normalized serum levels of DDX43 protein were slightly higher in control than in both benign and malignant groups, but this result was non-significant. The mean normalized level of DDX43 mRNA expression was higher in the control than in both benign and malignant cases, although the results were not statistically significant and marginally significant, respectively. Moreover, the mean normalized level of DDX43 mRNA expression was significantly higher in benign than in malignant cases. In malignant cases, low DDX43 protein expression was linked to higher nuclear grade and invasive duct carcinoma (IDC), whereas high mRNA expression was linked to the aggressive types of breast cancer such as TNBC, higher tumor and nuclear grades. CONCLUSION This study explored the potential of using blood DDX43 mRNA expression or protein levels, or both in clinical settings as a marker of disease progression in human breast cancer. DDX43 mRNA expression proposes a less invasive method for discriminating benign from malignant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha N Amer
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab Khairat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genomic Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Hammad
- Faculty of medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
- Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
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Hobani YH, Almars AI, Alelwani W, Toraih EA, Nemr NA, Shaalan AAM, Fawzy MS, Attallah SM. Genetic Variation in DEAD-Box Helicase 20 as a Putative Marker of Recurrence in Propensity-Matched Colon Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081404. [PMID: 36011315 PMCID: PMC9407271 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the DEAD-Box Helicase 20 (DDX20), one of the microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery genes, can modulate miRNA/target gene expressions and, hence, influence cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Here, we aimed to unravel the association of DDX20 rs197412 T/C variant with colon cancer risk and/or prognosis in paired samples of 122 colon cancer and non-cancer tissue specimens by TaqMan allelic discrimination analysis. Structural/functional bioinformatic analyses were carried out, followed by a meta-analysis. We found that the T allele was more frequent in cancer tissues compared to control tissues (60.2% vs. 35.7%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the T variant was highly frequent in primary tumors with evidence of recurrence (73% vs. 47.5%, p < 0.001). Genetic association models, adjusted by age and sex, revealed that the T allele was associated with a higher risk of developing colon cancer under heterozygote (T/C vs. C/C: OR = 2.35, 95%CI = 1.25−4.44, p < 0.001), homozygote (T/T vs. C/C: OR = 7.6, 95%CI = 3.5−16.8, p < 0.001), dominant (T/C-T/T vs. C/C: OR = 3.4, 95%CI = 1.87−8.5, p < 0.001), and recessive (T/T vs. C/C-T/C: OR = 4.42, 95%CI = 2.29−8.54, p = 0.001) models. Kaplan−Meier survival curves showed the shift in the C > T allele to be associated with poor disease-free survival. After adjusting covariates using a multivariate cox regression model, patients harboring C > T somatic mutation were 3.5 times more likely to develop a recurrence (p < 0.001). A meta-analysis of nine studies (including ours) showed a higher risk of CRC (81%) in subjects harboring the T/T genotype than in T/C + C/C genotypes, supporting the potential clinical utility of the specified study variant as a biomarker for risk stratification in CRC cases. However, results were not significant in non-colorectal cancers. In conclusion, the DDX20 rs197412 variant is associated with increased colon cancer risk and a higher likelihood of recurrence in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya H. Hobani
- Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany I. Almars
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); or (M.S.F.); Tel.: +1-346-907-4237 (E.A.T.); +966-58-3241944 (M.S.F.)
| | - Nader A. Nemr
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Aly A. M. Shaalan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); or (M.S.F.); Tel.: +1-346-907-4237 (E.A.T.); +966-58-3241944 (M.S.F.)
| | - Samy M. Attallah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Clinical Pathology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Z, Ye Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen H, Shen M, Wang Z, Huang S, Han L, Chen Z, He X. RNA Helicase DHX37 Facilitates Liver Cancer Progression by Cooperating with PLRG1 to Drive Superenhancer-Mediated Transcription of Cyclin D1. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1937-1952. [PMID: 35290436 PMCID: PMC9359749 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicases are dysregulated in tumors. Here, we identified DHX37 as one of the top RNA helicase genes with upregulated expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DHX37 promoted proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Epigenomic profiling of DHX37-knockdown and control HCC cells revealed that DHX37 is associated with superenhancer activity. Mechanistically, DHX37 interacted with pleiotropic regulator 1 (PLRG1) to transcriptionally activate cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression via co-occupation of its promoter and superenhancer elements. DHX37 and PLRG1 promoted liver cancer cell proliferation and contributed to the poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Importantly, CCND1 inhibitors were effective as antiproliferative agents for liver cancer. These results together demonstrate a cooperative mechanistic interaction between DHX37 and PLRG1 that regulates CCND1 expression and promotes liver cancer progression, advancing our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional dysregulations mediated by RNA helicases and superenhancers in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE This work characterizes a novel mechanism of superenhancer-driven cyclin D1 upregulation by DHX37 and PLRG1, implicating this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yizhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Shen
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Leng Han
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Corresponding Authors: Xianghuo He, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Bldg. 7, Room 302, 270 Dong An Rd., Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Phone: 8621-3477-7329; Fax: 8621-6417-2585; E-mail: ; and Zhiao Chen,
| | - Xianghuo He
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Corresponding Authors: Xianghuo He, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Bldg. 7, Room 302, 270 Dong An Rd., Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Phone: 8621-3477-7329; Fax: 8621-6417-2585; E-mail: ; and Zhiao Chen,
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8
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Suthapot P, Xiao T, Felsenfeld G, Hongeng S, Wongtrakoongate P. The RNA helicases DDX5 and DDX17 facilitate neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells NTERA2. Life Sci 2022; 291:120298. [PMID: 35007564 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Understanding human neurogenesis is critical toward regenerative medicine for neurodegeneration. However, little is known how neural differentiation is regulated by DEAD box-containing RNA helicases, which comprise a diverse class of RNA remodeling enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS ChIP-seq was utilized to identify binding sites of DDX5 and DDX17 in both human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line NTERA2 and their retinoic acid-induced neural derivatives. RNA-seq was used to elucidate genes differentially expressed upon depletion of DDX5 and DDX17. Neurosphere assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to test the effect of depletion of the two RNA helicases in neural differentiation. KEY FINDINGS We show here that expression of DDX5 and DDX17 is abundant throughout neural differentiation of NTERA2, and is mostly localized within the nucleus. The two RNA helicases occupy chromatin genome-wide at regions associated with neurogenesis-related genes in both hPSCs and their neural derivatives. Further, both DDX5 and DDX17 are mutually required for controlling transcriptional expression of these genes, but are not important for maintenance of stem cell state of hPSCs. In contrast, they facilitate early neural differentiation of hPSCs, generation of neurospheres from the stem cells, and transcriptional expression of key neurogenic transcription factors such as SOX1 and PAX6 during neural differentiation. Importantly, DDX5 and DDX17 are critical for differentiation of hPSCs toward NESTIN- and TUBB3-positive cells, which represent neural progenitors and mature neurons, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our findings suggest the role of DDX5 and DDX17 in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis, and hence in neural differentiation of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praewa Suthapot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tiaojiang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892-0540, MD, USA
| | - Gary Felsenfeld
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892-0540, MD, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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9
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Ribera J, Portolés I, Córdoba-Jover B, Rodríguez-Vita J, Casals G, González-de la Presa B, Graupera M, Solsona-Vilarrasa E, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC, Soria G, Tudela R, Esteve-Codina A, Espadas G, Sabidó E, Jiménez W, Sessa WC, Morales-Ruiz M. The loss of DHX15 impairs endothelial energy metabolism, lymphatic drainage and tumor metastasis in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1192. [PMID: 34654883 PMCID: PMC8519955 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DHX15 is a downstream substrate for Akt1, which is involved in key cellular processes affecting vascular biology. Here, we explored the vascular regulatory function of DHX15. Homozygous DHX15 gene deficiency was lethal in mouse and zebrafish embryos. DHX15-/- zebrafish also showed downregulation of VEGF-C and reduced formation of lymphatic structures during development. DHX15+/- mice depicted lower vascular density and impaired lymphatic function postnatally. RNAseq and proteome analysis of DHX15 silenced endothelial cells revealed differential expression of genes involved in the metabolism of ATP biosynthesis. The validation of these results demonstrated a lower activity of the Complex I in the mitochondrial membrane of endothelial cells, resulting in lower intracellular ATP production and lower oxygen consumption. After injection of syngeneic LLC1 tumor cells, DHX15+/- mice showed partially inhibited primary tumor growth and reduced lung metastasis. Our results revealed an important role of DHX15 in vascular physiology and pave a new way to explore its potential use as a therapeutical target for metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Portolés
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Córdoba-Jover
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Vita
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardino González-de la Presa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). CIBERonc, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estel Solsona-Vilarrasa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- USC Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- USC Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Experimental 7T-MRI Unit, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERbbn, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Tudela
- Experimental 7T-MRI Unit, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERbbn, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Espadas
- Proteomics Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William C Sessa
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Cardiology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Fortuna TR, Kour S, Anderson EN, Ward C, Rajasundaram D, Donnelly CJ, Hermann A, Wyne H, Shewmaker F, Pandey UB. DDX17 is involved in DNA damage repair and modifies FUS toxicity in an RGG-domain dependent manner. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:515-536. [PMID: 34061233 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA binding protein, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most frequent form of motor neuron disease. Cytoplasmic aggregation and defective DNA repair machinery are etiologically linked to mutant FUS-associated ALS. Although FUS is involved in numerous aspects of RNA processing, little is understood about the pathophysiological mechanisms of mutant FUS. Here, we employed RNA-sequencing technology in Drosophila brains expressing FUS to identify significantly altered genes and pathways involved in FUS-mediated neurodegeneration. We observed the expression levels of DEAD-Box Helicase 17 (DDX17) to be significantly downregulated in response to mutant FUS in Drosophila and human cell lines. Mutant FUS recruits nuclear DDX17 into cytoplasmic stress granules and physically interacts with DDX17 through the RGG1 domain of FUS. Ectopic expression of DDX17 reduces cytoplasmic mislocalization and sequestration of mutant FUS into cytoplasmic stress granules. We identified DDX17 as a novel regulator of the DNA damage response pathway whose upregulation repairs defective DNA damage repair machinery caused by mutant neuronal FUS ALS. In addition, we show DDX17 is a novel modifier of FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate DDX17 is downregulated in response to mutant FUS, and restoration of DDX17 levels suppresses FUS-mediated neuropathogenesis and toxicity in vivo.
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11
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Wei Q, Geng J, Chen Y, Lin H, Wang J, Fang Z, Wang F, Zhang Z. Structure and function of DEAH-box helicase 32 and its role in cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:382. [PMID: 33777205 PMCID: PMC7988694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAH-box helicase 32 (DHX32) is an RNA helicase with unique structural characteristics that is involved in numerous biological processes associated with RNA, including ribosome biosynthesis, transcription, mRNA splicing and translation. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal DHX32 expression contributes to cancer initiation and development, due to dysregulated cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other processes. In the current review, the discovery, structure and function of DHX32, as well as the association between abnormal DHX32 expression and tumors are discussed. DHX32 expression is downregulated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but upregulated in solid tumors, including colorectal and breast cancer. Furthermore, DHX32 expression levels are associated with the pathological and clinical features of the cancer. Therefore, DHX32 may serve as a novel liquid biopsy marker for auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis screening, as well as a possible target for cancer therapy. The molecular mechanism underlying the contribution of DHX32 towards the initiation and development of cancer requires further investigation for the development of anticancer treatments based on manipulating DHX32 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Jinting Geng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Biomarker Translational Medicine, Center of Medical Laboratory of Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361009, P.R. China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Biomarker Translational Medicine, Center of Medical Laboratory of Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361009, P.R. China
| | - Huayue Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, P.R. China
| | - Zanxi Fang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, P.R. China
| | - Fen Wang
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Biomarker Translational Medicine, Center of Medical Laboratory of Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361009, P.R. China
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12
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The DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases: sentinels for a myriad of cellular functions with emerging roles in tumorigenesis. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:795-825. [PMID: 33656655 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DEAD-box RNA helicases comprise a family within helicase superfamily 2 and make up the largest group of RNA helicases. They are a profoundly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, carrying a generic Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (D-E-A-D) motif that gives the family its name. Members of the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases are engaged in all facets of RNA metabolism from biogenesis to decay. DEAD-box proteins ordinarily function as constituents of enormous multi-protein complexes and it is believed that interactions with other components in the complexes might be answerable for the various capacities ascribed to these proteins. Therefore, their exact function is probably impacted by their interacting partners and to be profoundly context dependent. This may give a clarification to the occasionally inconsistent reports proposing that DEAD-box proteins have both pro- and anti-proliferative functions in cancer. There is emerging evidence that DEAD-box family of RNA helicases play pivotal functions in various cellular processes and in numerous cases have been embroiled in cellular proliferation and/or neoplastic transformation. In various malignancy types, DEAD-box RNA helicases have been reported to possess pro-proliferation or even oncogenic roles as well as anti-proliferative or tumor suppressor functions. Clarifying the exact function of DEAD-box helicases in cancer is probably intricate, and relies upon the cellular milieu and interacting factors. This review aims to summarize the current data on the numerous capacities that have been ascribed to DEAD-box RNA helicases. It also highlights their diverse actions upon malignant transformation in the various tumor types.
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13
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Qin K, Jian D, Xue Y, Cheng Y, Zhang P, Wei Y, Zhang J, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Yuan X. DDX41 regulates the expression and alternative splicing of genes involved in tumorigenesis and immune response. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:1213-1225. [PMID: 33650667 PMCID: PMC7859996 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD‑box helicase 41 (DDX41) is an RNA helicase and accumulating evidence has suggested that DDX41 is involved in pre‑mRNA splicing during tumor development. However, the role of DDX41 in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In order to determine the function of DDX41, the human DDX41 gene was cloned and overexpressed in HeLa cells. The present study demonstrated that DDX41 overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HeLa cells. RNA‑sequencing analysis of the transcriptomes in overexpressed and normal control samples. DDX41 regulated 959 differentially expressed genes compared with control cells. Expression levels of certain oncogenes were also regulated by DDX41. DDX41 selectively regulated the alternative splicing of genes in cancer‑associated pathways including the EGFR and FGFR signaling pathways. DDX41 selectively upregulated the expression levels of five antigen processing and presentation genes (HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA6, HLA‑DMB and HLA‑G) and downregulated other immune‑response genes in HeLa cells. Additionally, DDX41‑regulated oncogenes and antigen processing and presentation genes were associated with patient survival rates. Moreover, DDX41 expression was associated with immune infiltration in cervical and endocervical squamous cancer. The present findings showed that DDX41 regulated the cancer cell transcriptome at both the transcriptional and alternative splicing levels. The DDX41 regulatory network predicted the biological function of DDX41 in suppressing tumor cell growth and regulating cancer immunity, which may be important for developing anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Danni Jian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Xue
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yaxun Wei
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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14
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Wang Y, Li G, Deng M, Liu X, Huang W, Zhang Y, Liu M, Chen Y. The multifaceted functions of RNA helicases in the adaptive cellular response to hypoxia: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107783. [PMID: 33307143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a master player for sensing and adapting to hypoxia, profoundly influences genome instability, tumor progression and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and resistance to chemotherapies and radiotherapies. High levels and activity of HIF result in poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Thus, HIFs provide ideal therapeutic targets for cancers. However, HIF biology is sophisticated, and currently available HIF inhibitors have limited clinical utility owing to their low efficacy or side effects. RNA helicases, which are master players in cellular RNA metabolism, are usually highly expressed in tumors to meet the increased oncoprotein biosynthesis demand. Intriguingly, recent findings provide convincing evidence that RNA helicases are crucial for the adaptive cellular response to hypoxia via a mutual regulation with HIFs. More importantly, some RNA helicase inhibitors may suppress HIF signaling by blocking the translation of HIF-responsive genes. Therefore, RNA helicase inhibitors may work synergistically with HIF inhibitors in cancer to improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of how cells sense and adapt to hypoxia through HIFs. However, our primary focus is on the multiple functions of RNA helicases in the adaptive response to hypoxia. We also highlight how these hypoxia-related RNA helicases can be exploited for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guangqiang Li
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Mingxia Deng
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Weixiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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15
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Morimachi M, Hirabayashi K, Takanashi Y, Kawanishi A, Saika T, Ueyama Y, Nakagohri T, Nakamura N, Suzuki H, Kagawa T. Low expression of DDX5 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:741-745. [PMID: 33097588 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies. Hence, there is a need for new markers and treatment strategies. P68/DEAD box protein 5 (DDX5) is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD box protein family. It is a prognostic marker for several cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and clinical relevance of DDX5 in PDAC. METHODS DDX5 expression in tissue microarray blocks containing 230 PDAC samples was examined using immunohistochemical analysis. DDX5 expression was considered high when more than 50% of the cells were stained and low when less than 50% of the cells were stained. We investigated the association between DDX5 expression and clinicopathological parameters, including patient survival. RESULTS The nuclei of normal pancreatic ducts, normal acinar cells and PDAC cells were stained positive for DDX5 although the intensity and distribution of DDX5 expression varied. Islet cells showed strong and diffuse staining of DDX5. DDX5 expression was low and high in 148 (64.3%) and 82 cases (35.7%), respectively. Low DDX5 expression was significantly associated with an advanced pT factor (pT2-pT3: tumour size,>20 mm), lymphatic involvement, advanced tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (stages IIB, III, and IV), and venous involvement. In addition, the multivariate analysis revealed that DDX5 expression is an independent prognostic factor for PDAC. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DDX5 plays an important role in tumour invasiveness and PDAC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Morimachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Takanashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aya Kawanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Saika
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ueyama
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakagohri
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Ngo TD, Partin AC, Nam Y. RNA Specificity and Autoregulation of DDX17, a Modulator of MicroRNA Biogenesis. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4024-4035.e5. [PMID: 31851931 PMCID: PMC6953907 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX17, a DEAD-box ATPase, is a multifunctional helicase important for various RNA functions, including microRNA maturation. Key questions for DDX17 include how it recognizes target RNAs and influences their structures, as well as how its ATPase activity may be regulated. Through crystal structures and biochemical assays, we show the ability of the core catalytic domains of DDX17 to recognize specific sequences in target RNAs. The RNA sequence preference of the catalytic core is critical for DDX17 to directly bind and remodel a specific region of primary microRNAs 3' to the mature sequence, and consequently enhance processing by Drosha. Furthermore, we identify an intramolecular interaction between the N-terminal tail and the DEAD domain of DDX17 to have an autoregulatory role in controlling the ATPase activity. Thus, we provide the molecular basis for how cognate RNA recognition and functional outcomes are linked for DDX17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri D Ngo
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alexander C Partin
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yunsun Nam
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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17
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Xu Y, Song Q, Pascal LE, Zhong M, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Deng F, Huang J, Wang Z. DHX15 is up-regulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer and required for androgen receptor sensitivity to low DHT concentrations. Prostate 2019; 79:657-666. [PMID: 30714180 PMCID: PMC6823643 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHX15 is a member of the DEAH-box (DHX) RNA helicase family. Our previous study identified it as an AR coactivator which contributes to prostate cancer progression. METHODS We investigated DHX15 expression in castration resistant prostate cancer specimens and the influence of DHX15 on the responsiveness of prostate cancer cells to DHT stimulation. We also explored the role DHX15 played in enzalutamide resistance and the interacting domain in DHX15 with AR. DHX15 expression level in human CRPC specimens and prostate cancer specimens was detected by tissue microarray (TMA) immunostaining analysis. Colony formation assay was performed to determine the proliferation of cells treated with enzalutamide or DHT. siRNAs were used to knockdown DHX15. The interactions between DHX15 and AR were detected using co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS The expression level of DHX15 was upregulated in human CRPC specimens compared with hormone naïve prostate cancer specimens. DHX15 knockdown reduced AR sensitivity to low DHT concentrations in C4-2 cells. Inactivation of DHX15 sensitizes the enzalutamide treatment in C4-2 cells. Deletion mutagenesis indicated that DHX1 5 interacts with AR through its N terminal domain. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DHX15 contributes to prostate cancer progression. DHX15 is required for androgen receptor sensitivity to low DHT concentrations and contributes to enzalutamide resistance in C4-2 cells. Targeting DHX15 may improve the ADT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiong Song
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingming Zhong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fang‐Ming Deng
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Roles of DDX5 in the tumorigenesis, proliferation, differentiation, metastasis and pathway regulation of human malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:85-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Murat P, Marsico G, Herdy B, Ghanbarian AT, Portella G, Balasubramanian S. RNA G-quadruplexes at upstream open reading frames cause DHX36- and DHX9-dependent translation of human mRNAs. Genome Biol 2018; 19:229. [PMID: 30591072 PMCID: PMC6307142 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA secondary structures in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of mRNAs are key to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. While it is evident that non-canonical Hoogsteen-paired G-quadruplex (rG4) structures somehow contribute to the regulation of translation initiation, the nature and extent of human mRNAs that are regulated by rG4s is not known. Here, we provide new insights into a mechanism by which rG4 formation modulates translation. RESULTS Using transcriptome-wide ribosome profiling, we identify rG4-driven mRNAs in HeLa cells and reveal that rG4s in the 5'-UTRs of inefficiently translated mRNAs associate with high ribosome density and the translation of repressive upstream open reading frames (uORF). We demonstrate that depletion of the rG4-unwinding helicases DHX36 and DHX9 promotes translation of rG4-associated uORFs while reducing the translation of coding regions for transcripts that comprise proto-oncogenes, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Transcriptome-wide identification of DHX9 binding sites shows that reduced translation is mediated through direct physical interaction between the helicase and its rG4 substrate. CONCLUSION This study identifies human mRNAs whose translation efficiency is modulated by the DHX36- and DHX9-dependent folding/unfolding of rG4s within their 5'-UTRs. We reveal a previously unknown mechanism for translation regulation in which unresolved rG4s within 5'-UTRs promote 80S ribosome formation on upstream start codons, causing inhibition of translation of the downstream main open reading frames. Our findings suggest that the interaction of helicases with rG4s could be targeted for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Murat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Giovanni Marsico
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Barbara Herdy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Avazeh T Ghanbarian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Guillem Portella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
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20
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UPF1-like helicase grip on nucleic acids dictates processivity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3752. [PMID: 30218034 PMCID: PMC6138625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicases are molecular engines which translocate along nucleic acids (NA) to unwind double-strands or remodel NA–protein complexes. While they have an essential role in genome structure and expression, the rules dictating their processivity remain elusive. Here, we developed single-molecule methods to investigate helicase binding lifetime on DNA. We found that UPF1, a highly processive helicase central to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), tightly holds onto NA, allowing long lasting action. Conversely, the structurally similar IGHMBP2 helicase has a short residence time. UPF1 mutants with variable grip on DNA show that grip tightness dictates helicase residence time and processivity. In addition, we discovered via functional studies that a decrease in UPF1 grip impairs NMD efficiency in vivo. Finally, we propose a three-state model with bound, sliding and unbound molecular clips, that can accurately predict the modulation of helicase processivity. UPF1 is a highly processive helicase that plays an essential role in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Here the authors use single molecule binding assays to establish a functionally important relationship between helicase grip to nucleic acids, binding lifetime and the duration of translocation.
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21
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McRae EKS, Davidson DE, Dupas SJ, McKenna SA. Insights into the RNA quadruplex binding specificity of DDX21. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1973-1979. [PMID: 29906500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Guanine quadruplexes can form in both DNA and RNA and influence many biological processes through various protein interactions. The DEAD-box RNA helicase protein DDX21 has been shown to bind and remodel RNA quadruplexes but little is known about its specificity for different quadruplex species. Previous reports have suggested DDX21 may interact with telomeric repeat containing RNA quadruplex (TERRA), an integral component of the telomere that contributes to telomeric heterochromatin formation and telomere length regulation. Here we report that the C-terminus of DDX21 directly interacts with TERRA. We use, for the first time, 2D saturation transfer difference NMR to map the protein binding site on a ribonucleic acid species and show that the quadruplex binding domain of DDX21 interacts primarily with the phosphoribose backbone of quadruplexes. Furthermore, by mutating the 2'OH of loop nucleotides we can drastically reduce DDX21's affinity for quadruplex, indicating that the recognition of quadruplex and specificity for TERRA is mediated by interactions with the 2'OH of loop nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan K S McRae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David E Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Steven J Dupas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sean A McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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22
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Borsari C, Quotadamo A, Ferrari S, Venturelli A, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Santarem N, Costi MP. Scaffolds and Biological Targets Avenue to Fight Against Drug Resistance in Leishmaniasis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Harigua-Souiai E, Abdelkrim YZ, Bassoumi-Jamoussi I, Zakraoui O, Bouvier G, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Banroques J, Desdouits N, Munier-Lehmann H, Barhoumi M, Tanner NK, Nilges M, Blondel A, Guizani I. Identification of novel leishmanicidal molecules by virtual and biochemical screenings targeting Leishmania eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006160. [PMID: 29346371 PMCID: PMC5790279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected parasitic diseases in spite of the major burden they inflict on public health. The identification of novel drugs and targets constitutes a research priority. For that purpose we used Leishmania infantum initiation factor 4A (LieIF), an essential translation initiation factor that belongs to the DEAD-box proteins family, as a potential drug target. We modeled its structure and identified two potential binding sites. A virtual screening of a diverse chemical library was performed for both sites. The results were analyzed with an in-house version of the Self-Organizing Maps algorithm combined with multiple filters, which led to the selection of 305 molecules. Effects of these molecules on the ATPase activity of LieIF permitted the identification of a promising hit (208) having a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 150 ± 15 μM for 1 μM of protein. Ten chemical analogues of compound 208 were identified and two additional inhibitors were selected (20 and 48). These compounds inhibited the mammalian eIF4I with IC50 values within the same range. All three hits affected the viability of the extra-cellular form of L. infantum parasites with IC50 values at low micromolar concentrations. These molecules showed non-significant toxicity toward THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, their anti-leishmanial activity was validated with experimental assays on L. infantum intramacrophage amastigotes showing IC50 values lower than 4.2 μM. Selected compounds exhibited selectivity indexes between 19 to 38, which reflects their potential as promising anti-Leishmania molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Yosser Zina Abdelkrim
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Bassoumi-Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Guillaume Bouvier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Josette Banroques
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Desdouits
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Mourad Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N. Kyle Tanner
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ito S, Koso H, Sakamoto K, Watanabe S. RNA helicase DHX15 acts as a tumour suppressor in glioma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1349-1359. [PMID: 28829764 PMCID: PMC5672939 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common form of malignant brain cancer and has a poor prognosis in adults. We identified Dhx15 as a candidate tumour suppressor gene in glioma by transposon-based mutagenesis. Dhx15 is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent RNA helicase belonging to the DEAH-box (DHX) helicase family, but its role in cancer remains elusive. METHODS DHX15 expression levels were examined in glioma cell lines. DHX15 functions were examined by gain- and loss-of-function analyses. Protein motifs required for the function of DHX15 were investigated by the analysis of mutant proteins. RESULTS DHX15 expression was lower in human glioma cell lines than in normal neural stem cells. Dhx15 knockdown resulted in enhanced proliferation of primary immortalised mouse astrocytes, supporting the notion that DHX15 is a tumour suppressor. Retroviral-mediated transduction of DHX15 into glioma cell lines suppressed proliferation and foci formation in vitro. Moreover, DHX15 suppressed tumour formation in a xenograft mouse model. ATPase activity was not required for the growth-inhibitory function of DHX15; however, the Ia, Ib, IV, and V motifs, which act as RNA-binding domains in DHX15, were essential. qPCR analysis revealed that DHX15 suppressed expression of NF-κB downstream target genes as well as the genes involved in splicing. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that DHX15 acts as a tumour suppressor gene in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ito
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Hideto Koso
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
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26
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Identification of novel cancer therapeutic targets using a designed and pooled shRNA library screen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43023. [PMID: 28223711 PMCID: PMC5320502 DOI: 10.1038/srep43023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapeutics aim to exploit tumor-specific, genetic vulnerabilities specifically affecting neoplastic cells without similarly affecting normal cells. Here we performed sequencing-based screening of an shRNA library on a panel of cancer cells of different origins as well as normal cells. The shRNA library was designed to target a subset of genes previously identified using a whole genome screening approach. This focused shRNA library was infected into cells followed by analysis of enrichment and depletion of the shRNAs over the course of cell proliferation. We developed a bootstrap likelihood ratio test for the interpretation of the effects of multiple shRNAs over multiple cell line passages. Our analysis identified 44 genes whose depletion preferentially inhibited the growth of cancer cells. Among these genes ribosomal protein RPL35A, putative RNA helicase DDX24, and coatomer complex I (COPI) subunit ARCN1 most significantly inhibited growth of multiple cancer cell lines without affecting normal cell growth and survival. Further investigation revealed that the growth inhibition caused by DDX24 depletion is independent of p53 status underlining its value as a drug target. Overall, our study establishes a new approach for the analysis of proliferation-based shRNA selection strategies and identifies new targets for the development of cancer therapeutics.
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27
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Cai W, Xiong Chen Z, Rane G, Satendra Singh S, Choo Z, Wang C, Yuan Y, Zea Tan T, Arfuso F, Yap CT, Pongor LS, Yang H, Lee MB, Cher Goh B, Sethi G, Benoukraf T, Tergaonkar V, Prem Kumar A. Wanted DEAD/H or Alive: Helicases Winding Up in Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2957323. [PMID: 28122908 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most studied areas of human biology over the past century. Despite having attracted much attention, hype, and investments, the search to find a cure for cancer remains an uphill battle. Recent discoveries that challenged the central dogma of molecular biology not only further increase the complexity but also demonstrate how various types of noncoding RNAs such as microRNA and long noncoding RNA, as well as their related processes such as RNA editing, are important in regulating gene expression. Parallel to this aspect, an increasing number of reports have focused on a family of proteins known as DEAD/H-box helicases involved in RNA metabolism, regulation of long and short noncoding RNAs, and novel roles as "editing helicases" and their association with cancers. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of RNA helicases in various cancers, which are broadly classified into adult solid tumors, childhood solid tumors, leukemia, and cancer stem cells. The potential small molecule inhibitors of helicases and their therapeutic value are also discussed. In addition, analyzing next-generation sequencing data obtained from public portals and reviewing existing literature, we provide new insights on the potential of DEAD/H-box helicases to act as pharmacological drug targets in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpei Cai
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Grishma Rane
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Shikha Satendra Singh
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Zhang'e Choo
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Chao Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Yi Yuan
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Lorinc S Pongor
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Henry Yang
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Martin B Lee
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
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Wang M, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ma R, Zhang L, Lv H, Fang F, Kang X. DHX32 expression is an indicator of poor breast cancer prognosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:942-948. [PMID: 28356982 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that DEAH-box polypeptide 32 (DHX32) serves an important role in the progression and metastasis of cancer. However, the role of DHX32 in breast cancer remains to be completely elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and clinical significance of DHX32 in breast cancer. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze DHX32 messenger (m)RNA expression, and western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine DHX32 protein expression in breast cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The association in breast cancer between DHX32 expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed using 193 breast cancer tissue samples. The results of the present study demonstrated that breast cancer tissues exhibited increased DHX32 mRNA and protein expression compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.001). In addition, DHX32 expression was significantly associated with breast cancer clinical stage (P=0.006), histological grade (P=0.029), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 (P=0.004). Kaplan-Meier estimator analysis indicated that increased DHX32 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the Cox proportional hazards model indicated that DHX32 expression is an independent prognostic factor for decreased overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that DHX32 overexpression is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer and a potential therapeutic target of future breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lv
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xixiong Kang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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29
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Curran JA, Weiss B. What Is the Impact of mRNA 5' TL Heterogeneity on Translational Start Site Selection and the Mammalian Cellular Phenotype? Front Genet 2016; 7:156. [PMID: 27630668 PMCID: PMC5005323 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A major determinant in the efficiency of ribosome loading onto mRNAs is the 5′ TL (transcript leader or 5′ UTR). In addition, elements within this region also impact on start site selection demonstrating that it can modulate the protein readout at both quantitative and qualitative levels. With the increasing wealth of data generated by the mining of the mammalian transcriptome, it has become evident that a genes 5′ TL is not homogeneous but actually exhibits significant heterogeneity. This arises due to the utilization of alternative promoters, and is further compounded by significant variability with regards to the precise transcriptional start sites of each (not to mention alternative splicing). Consequently, the transcript for a protein coding gene is not a unique mRNA, but in-fact a complexed quasi-species of variants whose composition may respond to the changing physiological environment of the cell. Here we examine the potential impact of these events with regards to the protein readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Curran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical School, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical School, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
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Dieudonné FX, O'Connor PBF, Gubler-Jaquier P, Yasrebi H, Conne B, Nikolaev S, Antonarakis S, Baranov PV, Curran J. The effect of heterogeneous Transcription Start Sites (TSS) on the translatome: implications for the mammalian cellular phenotype. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:986. [PMID: 26589636 PMCID: PMC4654819 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic program, as manifested as the cellular phenotype, is in large part dictated by the cell's protein composition. Since characterisation of the proteome remains technically laborious it is attractive to define the genetic expression profile using the transcriptome. However, the transcriptional landscape is complex and it is unclear as to what extent it reflects the ribosome associated mRNA population (the translatome). This is particularly pertinent for genes using multiple transcriptional start sites (TSS) generating mRNAs with heterogeneous 5' transcript leaders (5'TL). Furthermore, the relative abundance of the TSS gene variants is frequently cell-type specific. Indeed, promoter switches have been reported in pathologies such as cancer. The consequences of this 5'TL heterogeneity within the transcriptome for the translatome remain unresolved. This is not a moot point because the 5'TL plays a key role in regulating mRNA recruitment onto polysomes. RESULTS In this article, we have characterised both the transcriptome and translatome of the MCF7 (tumoural) and MCF10A (non-tumoural) cell lines. We identified ~550 genes exhibiting differential translation efficiency (TE). In itself, this is maybe not surprising. However, by focusing on genes exhibiting TSS heterogeneity we observed distinct differential promoter usage patterns in both the transcriptome and translatome. Only a minor fraction of these genes belonged to those exhibiting differential TE. Nonetheless, reporter assays demonstrated that the TSS variants impacted on the translational readout both quantitatively (the overall amount of protein expressed) and qualitatively (the nature of the proteins expressed). CONCLUSIONS The results point to considerable and distinct cell-specific 5'TL heterogeneity within both the transcriptome and translatome of the two cell lines analysed. This observation is in-line with the ribosome filter hypothesis which posits that the ribosomal machine can selectively filter information from within the transcriptome. As such it cautions against the simple extrapolation transcriptome → proteome. Furthermore, polysomal occupancy of specific gene 5'TL variants may also serve as novel disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Dieudonné
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascale Gubler-Jaquier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Haleh Yasrebi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Conne
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stylianos Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,The Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pavel V Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joseph Curran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. .,The Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ding H, Guo M, Vidhyasagar V, Talwar T, Wu Y. The Q Motif Is Involved in DNA Binding but Not ATP Binding in ChlR1 Helicase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140755. [PMID: 26474416 PMCID: PMC4608764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicases are molecular motors that couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to the unwinding of structured DNA or RNA and chromatin remodeling. The conversion of energy derived from ATP hydrolysis into unwinding and remodeling is coordinated by seven sequence motifs (I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, and VI). The Q motif, consisting of nine amino acids (GFXXPXPIQ) with an invariant glutamine (Q) residue, has been identified in some, but not all helicases. Compared to the seven well-recognized conserved helicase motifs, the role of the Q motif is less acknowledged. Mutations in the human ChlR1 (DDX11) gene are associated with a unique genetic disorder known as Warsaw Breakage Syndrome, which is characterized by cellular defects in genome maintenance. To examine the roles of the Q motif in ChlR1 helicase, we performed site directed mutagenesis of glutamine to alanine at residue 23 in the Q motif of ChlR1. ChlR1 recombinant protein was overexpressed and purified from HEK293T cells. ChlR1-Q23A mutant abolished the helicase activity of ChlR1 and displayed reduced DNA binding ability. The mutant showed impaired ATPase activity but normal ATP binding. A thermal shift assay revealed that ChlR1-Q23A has a melting point value similar to ChlR1-WT. Partial proteolysis mapping demonstrated that ChlR1-WT and Q23A have a similar globular structure, although some subtle conformational differences in these two proteins are evident. Finally, we found ChlR1 exists and functions as a monomer in solution, which is different from FANCJ, in which the Q motif is involved in protein dimerization. Taken together, our results suggest that the Q motif is involved in DNA binding but not ATP binding in ChlR1 helicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Manhong Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Venkatasubramanian Vidhyasagar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Ozgur S, Basquin J, Kamenska A, Filipowicz W, Standart N, Conti E. Structure of a Human 4E-T/DDX6/CNOT1 Complex Reveals the Different Interplay of DDX6-Binding Proteins with the CCR4-NOT Complex. Cell Rep 2015; 13:703-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Overexpression of DHX32 contributes to the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9247. [PMID: 25782664 PMCID: PMC4363870 DOI: 10.1038/srep09247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrates that DHX32 is upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to its adjacent normal tissues. However, how overexpressed DHX32 contributes to CRC remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that DHX32 was overexpressed in human colon cancer cells. Overexpressed DHX32 promoted SW480 cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as decreased the susceptibility to chemotherapy agent 5-Fluorouracil. Furthermore, PCR array analyses revealed that depleting DHX32 in SW480 colon cancer cells suppressed expression of WISP1, MMP7 and VEGFA in the Wnt pathway, and anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and CA9, however, elevated expression of pro-apoptotic gene ACSL5. The findings suggested that overexpressed DHX32 played an important role in CRC progression and metastasis and that DHX32 has the potential to serve as a biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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Ratnoglik SL, Jiang DP, Aoki C, Sudarmono P, Shoji I, Deng L, Hotta H. Induction of cell-mediated immune responses in mice by DNA vaccines that express hepatitis C virus NS3 mutants lacking serine protease and NTPase/RNA helicase activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98877. [PMID: 24901478 PMCID: PMC4046998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective therapeutic vaccines against virus infection must induce sufficient levels of cell-mediated immune responses against the target viral epitopes and also must avoid concomitant risk factors, such as potential carcinogenic properties. The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) carries a variety of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell epitopes, and induces strong HCV-specific T cell responses, which are correlated with viral clearance and resolution of acute HCV infection. On the other hand, NS3 possesses serine protease and nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase)/RNA helicase activities, which not only play important roles in viral life cycle but also concomitantly interfere with host defense mechanisms by deregulating normal cellular functions. In this study, we constructed a series of DNA vaccines that express NS3 of HCV. To avoid the potential harm of NS3, we introduced mutations to the catalytic triad of the serine protease (H57A, D81A and S139A) and the NTPase/RNA helicase domain (K210N, F444A, R461Q and W501A) to eliminate the enzymatic activities. Immunization of BALB/c mice with each of the DNA vaccine candidates (pNS3[S139A/K210N], pNS3[S139A/F444A], pNS3[S139A/R461Q] and pNS3[S139A/W501A]) that expresses an NS3 mutant lacking both serine protease and NTPase/helicase activities induced T cell immune responses to the degree comparable to that induced by the wild type NS3 and the NS3/4A complex, as demonstrated by interferon-γ production and cytotoxic T lymphocytes activities against NS3. The present study has demonstrated that plasmids expressing NS3 mutants, NS3(S139A/K210N), NS3(S139A/F444A), NS3(S139A/R461Q) and NS3(S139A/W501A), which lack both serine protease and NTPase/RNA helicase activities, would be good candidates for safe and efficient therapeutic DNA vaccines against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suratno Lulut Ratnoglik
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Da-Peng Jiang
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chie Aoki
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- JST/JICA SATREPS Laboratory of Kobe University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lin Deng
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Overexpression of DDX43 Mediates MEK Inhibitor Resistance through RAS Upregulation in Uveal Melanoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2073-80. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ostareck DH, Naarmann-de Vries IS, Ostareck-Lederer A. DDX6 and its orthologs as modulators of cellular and viral RNA expression. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 5:659-78. [PMID: 24788243 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DDX6 (Rck/p54), a member of the DEAD-box family of helicases, is highly conserved from unicellular eukaryotes to vertebrates. Functions of DDX6 and its orthologs in dynamic ribonucleoproteins contribute to global and transcript-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) storage, translational repression, and decay during development and differentiation in the germline and somatic cells. Its role in pathways that promote mRNA-specific alternative translation initiation has been shown to be linked to cellular homeostasis, deregulated tissue development, and the control of gene expression in RNA viruses. Recently, DDX6 was found to participate in mRNA regulation mediated by miRNA-mediated silencing. DDX6 and its orthologs have versatile functions in mRNA metabolism, which characterize them as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H Ostareck
- Experimental Research Unit, Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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