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Wang Z, Hou X, Shang G, Deng G, Luo K, Peng M. Exploring Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Pathways in Bacteria: From General Mechanisms to DSF Signaling and Pathogenicity in Xanthomonas. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:336. [PMID: 39223428 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) participate in extensive physiological activities such as energy metabolism, transcriptional control, and cell signaling. In bacteria, FAs are degraded and utilized through various metabolic pathways, including β-oxidation. Over the past ten years, significant progress has been made in studying FA oxidation in bacteria, particularly in E. coli, where the processes and roles of FA β-oxidation have been comprehensively elucidated. Here, we provide an update on the new research achievements in FAs β-oxidation in bacteria. Using Xanthomonas as an example, we introduce the oxidation process and regulation mechanism of the DSF-family quorum sensing signal. Based on current findings, we propose the specific enzymes required for β-oxidation of several specific FAs. Finally, we discuss the future outlook on scientific issues that remain to be addressed. This paper supplies theoretical guidance for further study of the FA β-oxidation pathway with particular emphasis on its connection to the pathogenicity mechanisms of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Selenium Food Nutrition and Health Intelligent Technology College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Selenium Food Nutrition and Health Intelligent Technology College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Guohui Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangai Deng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Selenium Food Nutrition and Health Intelligent Technology College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Selenium Food Nutrition and Health Intelligent Technology College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Mu Peng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Selenium Food Nutrition and Health Intelligent Technology College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
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Green MH, Lopez-Teros V, Avila-Prado J, Green JB. Use of Theoretical Women and Model-Based Compartmental Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Vitamin A Intake with or without a Daily Vitamin A Supplement on Vitamin A Total Body Stores and Balance During Lactation. J Nutr 2024; 154:2374-2380. [PMID: 38857673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate vitamin A (VA) intake is common among lactating women in many communities worldwide, but high-dose VA supplementation for postpartum women is not recommended by the World Health Organization as an effective intervention. OBJECTIVES To simulate the impact of VA intake via diet and daily VA supplements on VA total body stores (TBS) and balance in theoretical lactating women with low/moderate TBS. METHODS We studied 6 theoretical subjects with assigned values for TBS from 219-624 μmol. Using Simulation, Analysis, and Modeling software and a previously published compartmental model for whole-body VA metabolism, we simulated TBS over 6 mo of established lactation for each subject under 4 conditions: 1) prelactation VA intake was increased to maintain VA balance (LSS); 2) prelactation VA intake was maintained (NLSS); 3) VA intake was the same as 2) but a daily VA supplement (2.8 μmol/d) was added (NLSS+S); and 4) VA intake was as 1) and the daily VA supplement was included (LSS+S). RESULTS To compensate for the loss of VA via milk while VA balance was maintained (LSS) over 6 mo of lactation, VA intake had to increase by 0.8-1.87 μmol/d (n = 6) compared with NLSS. Over 6 mo of NLSS treatment, VA balance was negative (geometric mean, -0.77 μmol/d) compared with LSS, whereas balance was positive under NLSS+S and LSS+S conditions (0.75 and 1.5 μmol/d, respectively). For LSS, the proportion of total VA disposal was 37% via breastmilk, 32% from VA stores, and 32% from nonstorage tissues. CONCLUSIONS Adding a daily VA supplement (2.8 μmol/d) to the diet of lactating women with suboptimal VA intake may effectively counterbalance the negative VA balance resulting from the output of VA via breastmilk and thus benefit both mother and infant by maintaining or increasing VA stores and breastmilk VA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jessica Avila-Prado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Joanne Balmer Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Yang Z, Zhang L, Liu J, Chan ASC, Li D. Saponins of Tomato Extract Improve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Lipid Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1848. [PMID: 37891927 PMCID: PMC10604231 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of saponins of tomato extract (STE) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The findings demonstrated that introducing STE in NAFLD mice revealed promising results in ameliorating symptoms of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, visceral fat deposition and fatty liver disease. Moreover, the mechanistic studies have demonstrated that STE delivers its effects by activating adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby suppressing downstream protein expression associated with fatty acid synthesis. In such conditions, lipid metabolism can be improved. Simultaneously, STE enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and entry into the nucleus and initiated the transcription of downstream antioxidant factors, thereby relieving oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet and lowering oxidative damage to the liver. Such results imply that the administration of STE can be regarded as a viable treatment option for NAFLD, providing a mechanism that can regulate the AMPK and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Jinlei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dianpeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.L.)
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Yoon DS, Byeon E, Kim DH, Lee MC, Shin KH, Hagiwara A, Park HG, Lee JS. Effects of temperature and combinational exposures on lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109449. [PMID: 36055628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of changes in fatty acids in response to environmental temperature changes have been conducted in many species, particularly mammals. However, few studies have considered aquatic invertebrates, even though they are particularly vulnerable to changes in environmental temperature. In this review, we summarize the process by which animals synthesize common fatty acids and point out differences between the fatty acid profiles of vertebrates and those of aquatic invertebrates. Unlike vertebrates, some aquatic invertebrates can directly synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which can be used to respond to temperature changes. Various studies have shown that aquatic invertebrates increase the degree of saturation in their fatty acids through an increase in saturated fatty acid production or a decrease in PUFAs as the temperature increases. In addition, we summarize recent studies that have examined the complex effects of temperature and combinational stressors to determine whether the degree of saturation in aquatic invertebrates is influenced by other factors. The combined effects of carbon dioxide partial pressure, food quality, starvation, salinity, and chemical exposures have been confirmed, and fatty acid profile changes in response to high temperature were greater than those from combinational stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Qi J, Xiao X, Ouyang L, Yang C, Zhuang Y, Zhang L. Enhancement of fatty acid degradation pathway promoted glucoamylase synthesis in Aspergillus niger. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:238. [PMID: 36376878 PMCID: PMC9664828 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our recent multi-omics analyses of glucoamylase biosynthesis in Aspergillus niger (A. niger) suggested that lipid catabolism was significantly up-regulated during high-yield period under oxygen limitation. Since the catabolism of fatty acids can provide energy compounds such as ATP and important precursors such as acetyl-CoA, we speculated that enhancement of this pathway might be beneficial to glucoamylase overproduction. Results Based on previous transcriptome data, we selected and individually overexpressed five candidate genes involved in fatty acid degradation under the control of the Tet-on gene switch in A. niger. Overexpression of the fadE, fadA and cyp genes increased the final specific enzyme activity and total secreted protein on shake flask by 21.3 ~ 31.3% and 16.0 ~ 24.2%, respectively. And a better inducible effect by doxycycline was obtained from early logarithmic growth phase (18 h) than stationary phase (42 h). Similar with flask-level results, the glucoamylase content and total extracellular protein in engineered strains OE-fadE (overexpressing fadE) and OE-fadA (overexpressing fadA) on maltose-limited chemostat cultivation were improved by 31.2 ~ 34.1% and 35.1 ~ 38.8% compared to parental strain B36. Meanwhile, intracellular free fatty acids were correspondingly decreased by 41.6 ~ 44.6%. The metabolomic analysis demonstrated intracellular amino acids pools increased 24.86% and 18.49% in two engineered strains OE-fadE and OE-fadA compared to B36. Flux simulation revealed that increased ATP, acetyl-CoA and NADH was supplied into TCA cycle to improve amino acids synthesis for glucoamylase overproduction. Conclusion This study suggested for the first time that glucoamylase production was significantly improved in A. niger by overexpression of genes fadE and fadA involved in fatty acids degradation pathway. Harnessing the intracellular fatty acids could be a strategy to improve enzyme production in Aspergillus niger cell factory. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01966-3.
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Lipid droplet - mitochondria coupling: A novel lipid metabolism regulatory hub in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1017387. [PMID: 36387849 PMCID: PMC9640443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1017387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves serious lipid metabolism disorder, and renal ectopic lipid deposition aggravates DN progression. However, the molecular mechanism of renal lipid deposition in DN remains unclear. Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid pools in cells that change dynamically in response to the cellular energy needs. The LDs and mitochondria are connected through a part of the mitochondria known as the peridroplet mitochondria (PDM). In this review, we summarize the definition, detection methods, and function of the PDM. Finally, we discuss the research status of PDM in DN and the possibility of its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang,
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Perez-Garcia O, Mankelow C, Chandran K, Villas-Boas SG, Singhal N. Modulation of Nitrous Oxide (N 2O) Accumulation by Primary Metabolites in Denitrifying Cultures Adapting to Changes in Environmental C and N. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13678-13688. [PMID: 29083886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics provides insights into the actual physiology of cells rather than their mere "potential", as provided by genomic and transcriptomic analysis. We investigate the modulation of nitrous oxide (N2O) accumulation by intracellular metabolites in denitrifying bacteria using metabolomics and genome-based metabolic network modeling. Profiles of metabolites and their rates of production/consumption were obtained for denitrifying batch cultures under four conditions: initial COD:N ratios of 11:1 and 4:1 with and without nitrite spiking (28 mg-N L-1). Only the nitrite-spiked cultures accumulated N2O. The NO2- spiked cultures with an initial COD:N = 11:1 accumulated 3.3 ± 0.57% of the total nitrogen added as N2O and large pools of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids. In comparison, the NO2- spiked cultures with COD:N = 4:1 showed significantly higher (p = 0.028) N2O accumulation (8.5.3 ± 0.9% of the total nitrogen added), which was linked to the depletion of C11-C20 fatty acids. Metabolic modeling analysis shows that at COD:N of 4:1 the denitrifying cells slowly generate electron equivalents as FADH2 through β-oxidation of saturated fatty acids, while COD:N of 11:1 do it through the TCA cycle. When combined with NO2- shock, this prolonged the duration over which insufficient electron equivalents were available to completely reduce NOx to N2, resulting in increased N2O accumulation. Results extend the understanding of how organic carbon and nitrite loads modulate N2O accumulation in denitrification, which may contribute to further design strategies to control greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils or wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Perez-Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cody Mankelow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Silas G Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Naresh Singhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Combinatorial Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica as a Promising Cell Biorefinery Platform for the de novo Production of Multi-Purpose Long Chain Dicarboxylic Acids. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kim S, Cheong S, Chou A, Gonzalez R. Engineered fatty acid catabolism for fuel and chemical production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 42:206-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hunter P. The evolution of big ideas. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1261-3. [DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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