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Nishimura A, Tanahashi R, Nakagami K, Morioka Y, Takagi H. The arginine transporter Can1 negatively regulates biofilm formation in yeasts. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1419530. [PMID: 38903792 PMCID: PMC11188447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1419530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The arginine transporter Can1 is a multifunctional protein of the conventional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Apart from facilitating arginine uptake, Can1 plays a pivotal role in regulating proline metabolism and maintaining cellular redox balance. Here, we report a novel function of Can1 in the control of yeast biofilm formation. First, the S. cerevisiae CAN1 gene knockout strain displayed a significant growth delay compared to the wild-type strain. Our genetic screening revealed that the slow growth of the CAN1 knockout strain is rescued by a functional deficiency of the FLO8 gene, which encodes the master transcription factor associated with biofilm formation, indicating that Can1 is involved in biofilm formation. Intriguingly, the CAN1 knockout strain promoted the Flo11-dependent aggregation, leading to higher biofilm formation. Furthermore, the CAN1 knockout strain of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata exhibited slower growth and higher biofilm formation, similar to S. cerevisiae. More importantly, the C. glabrata CAN1 gene knockout strain showed severe toxicity to macrophage-like cells and nematodes. The present results could help to elucidate both the molecular mechanism underlying yeast biofilm formation and the role it plays. Future investigations may offer insights that contribute to development of antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryoya Tanahashi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kazuki Nakagami
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuto Morioka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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Nishimura A, Tanahashi R, Nakagami K, Morioka Y, Takagi H. Identification of an arginine transporter in Candida glabrata. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2024; 69:229-233. [PMID: 37005249 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Arginine is a proteinogenic amino acid that organisms additionally exploit both for nitrogen storage and as a stress protectant. The location of arginine, whether intra- or extracellular, is important in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Here, we identified an arginine transporter ortholog of the emerging fungal pathogenic Candida glabrata. Blast searches revealed that the C. glabrata genome contains two potential orthologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arginine transporter gene CAN1 (CAGL0J08162g and CAGL0J08184g). We then found that CAGL0J08162g is stably located on the plasma membrane and performs cellular uptake of arginine. Moreover, CAGL0J08162-disrupted cells of C. glabrata showed a partial resistance to canavanine, a toxic analog of arginine. Our data suggest that CAGL0J08162g is a key arginine transporter in the pathogenic C. glabrata (CgCan1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ryoya Tanahashi
- Division for Research Strategy, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis
| | - Kazuki Nakagami
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yuto Morioka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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Nishimura A. Regulations and functions of proline utilization in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:131-137. [PMID: 37994668 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The quality of alcoholic beverages strongly depends on the metabolic characteristics of the yeast cells being used. To control the aroma and the taste of alcoholic beverages, as well as the production of ethanol in them, it is thus crucial to select yeast cells with the proper characteristics. Grape must contain a high concentration of proline, an amino acid that can potentially be a useful nitrogen source. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot utilize proline during the wine-making process, resulting in the elevated levels of proline in wine and consequent negative effects on wine quality. In this article, I review and discuss recent discoveries about the inhibitory mechanisms and roles of proline utilization in yeast. The information can help in developing novel yeast strains that can improve fermentation and enhance the quality and production efficiency of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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Nishimura A, Tanahashi R, Nakazawa H, Oi T, Mima M, Takagi H. PKA-Msn2/4-Shy1 cascade controls inhibition of proline utilization under wine fermentation models. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:438-442. [PMID: 37940488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Proline, which is a predominant amino acid in grape musts, is involved in the taste and flavor of foods and beverages. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae poorly utilizes proline in wine-making processes, leading to a nitrogen deficiency during fermentation and proline accumulation in wine. Previous studies have shown that the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is involved in inhibitory mechanisms of proline utilization. In this study, we screened the PKA pathway-related genes that regulate proline utilization. Using a yeast culture collection of disrupted strains associated with the downstream of the PKA cascade, we revealed that the stress-responsive transcription factor genes MSN2/4 regulate proline utilization. Moreover, we found that Msn2/4 up-regulate the SHY1 gene during the cell growth of the wine fermentation model, which may cause the inhibition of proline utilization. The SHY1-deleted strain of the commercial wine yeast clearly showed proline consumption and average ethanol production under the wine fermentation model. The present data indicate that the PKA-Msn2/4-Shy1 cascade controls the inhibition of proline utilization under wine-making processes. Our study could hold promise for the development of wine yeast strains that can efficiently reduce proline during wine fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ryoya Tanahashi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hayate Nakazawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Oi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misaki Mima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Tanahashi R, Nishimura A, Nguyen M, Sitepu I, Fox G, Boundy-Mills K, Takagi H. Isolation of Yeast Strains with Higher Proline Uptake and Their Applications to Beer Fermentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1137. [PMID: 38132738 PMCID: PMC10744042 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although proline is the most or second most abundant amino acid in wort and grape must, it is not fully consumed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation, unlike other amino acids. Our previous studies showed that arginine, the third most abundant amino acid in wort, inhibits the utilization of proline in most strains of S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, we found that some non-Saccharomyces yeasts utilized proline in a specific artificial medium with arginine and proline as the only nitrogen source, but these yeasts were not suitable for beer fermentation due to their low alcohol productivity. For yeasts to be useful for brewing, they need to utilize proline and produce alcohol during fermentation. In this study, 11 S. cerevisiae strains and 10 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains in the Phaff Yeast Culture Collection were identified that utilize proline effectively. Notably, two of these S. cerevisiae strains, UCDFST 40-144 and 68-44, utilize proline and produce sufficient alcohol in the beer fermentation model used. These strains have the potential to create distinctive beer products that are specifically alcoholic but with a reduction in proline in the finished beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Tanahashi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan;
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Minh Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Irnayuli Sitepu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Glen Fox
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan;
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