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Yoshitomi H. Peripheral helper T cells, mavericks of peripheral immune responses. Int Immunol 2024; 36:9-16. [PMID: 37788648 PMCID: PMC10823579 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral helper T (Tph) cells have been established, through intensive efforts to elucidate local immune responses in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a CD4 subset intimately involved in acquired immunity in peripheral tissues. Initially, Tph cells were noted as a CD4 population that produces high levels of CXCL13 in RA synovial tissues, followed by a demonstration of their ability to help B cells. In contrast to follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, Tph cells do not express the transcription factor BCL6 but express molecules such as CXCL13, interleukin (IL)-21, and inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) to help B cells in peripheral tissues. Subsequent studies showed that Tph cells are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies, and with the development of early life immunity. This review summarizes the phenotype and function of Tph cells in RA and discusses their differentiation and diversity in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Inami E, Nishioka K, Kanasaki J. Atomic-scale view of the photoinduced structural transition to form sp 3-like bonded order phase in graphite. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21439. [PMID: 38102145 PMCID: PMC10724284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation of solids often induces structural phase transitions between different ordered phases, some of which are unprecedented and thermodynamically inaccessible. The phenomenon, known as photoinduced structural phase transition (PSPT), is of significant interest to the technological progress of advanced materials processing and the fundamental understanding of material physics. Here, we applied scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to directly characterise the primary processes of the PSPT in graphite to form a sp3-like carbon nano-phase called diaphite. The primary challenge was to provide microscopic views of the graphite-to-diaphite transition. On an atomic scale, STM imaging of the photoexcited surface revealed the nucleation and proliferation processes of the diaphite phase; these were governed by the formation of sp3-like interlayer bonds. The growth mode of the diaphite phase depends strongly on the photon energy of excitation laser light. Different dynamical pathways were proposed to explain the formation of a sp3-like interlayer bonding. Potential mechanisms for photon-energy-dependent growth were examined based on the experimental and calculated results. The present results provide insight towards realising optical control of sp2-to-sp3 conversions and the organisation of nanoscale structures in graphene-related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Inami
- School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.
| | - Keita Nishioka
- Math. and Science Education Research Center, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kanasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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3
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Tanahashi R, Nishimura A, Nguyen M, Sitepu I, Fox G, Boundy-Mills K, Takagi H. Isolation of Yeast Strains with Higher Proline Uptake and Their Applications to Beer Fermentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1137. [PMID: 38132738 PMCID: PMC10744042 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although proline is the most or second most abundant amino acid in wort and grape must, it is not fully consumed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation, unlike other amino acids. Our previous studies showed that arginine, the third most abundant amino acid in wort, inhibits the utilization of proline in most strains of S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, we found that some non-Saccharomyces yeasts utilized proline in a specific artificial medium with arginine and proline as the only nitrogen source, but these yeasts were not suitable for beer fermentation due to their low alcohol productivity. For yeasts to be useful for brewing, they need to utilize proline and produce alcohol during fermentation. In this study, 11 S. cerevisiae strains and 10 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains in the Phaff Yeast Culture Collection were identified that utilize proline effectively. Notably, two of these S. cerevisiae strains, UCDFST 40-144 and 68-44, utilize proline and produce sufficient alcohol in the beer fermentation model used. These strains have the potential to create distinctive beer products that are specifically alcoholic but with a reduction in proline in the finished beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Tanahashi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan;
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Minh Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Irnayuli Sitepu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Glen Fox
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.); (I.S.); (G.F.); (K.B.-M.)
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan;
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4
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Mizutani S, Zhou Y, Tian YS, Takagi T, Ohkubo T, Hattori S. DTAmetasa: An R shiny application for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy and sensitivity analysis of publication bias. Res Synth Methods 2023; 14:916-925. [PMID: 37640914 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) is a powerful statistical method for synthesizing and evaluating the diagnostic capacity of medical tests and has been extensively used by clinical physicians and healthcare decision-makers. However, publication bias (PB) threatens the validity of meta-analysis of DTA. Some statistical methods have been developed to deal with PB in meta-analysis of DTA, but implementing these methods requires high-level statistical knowledge and programming skill. To assist non-technical users in running most routines in meta-analysis of DTA and handling with PB, we developed an interactive application, DTAmetasa. DTAmetasa is developed as a web-based graphical user interface based on the R shiny framework. It allows users to upload data and conduct meta-analysis of DTA by "point and click" operations. Moreover, DTAmetasa provides the sensitivity analysis of PB and presents the graphical results to evaluate the magnitude of the PB under various publication mechanisms. In this study, we introduce the functionalities of DTAmetasa and use the real-world meta-analysis to show its capacity for dealing with PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Mizutani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu-Shi Tian
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Wang D, Charoensombut N, Kawabata K, Kimura T, Kishida A, Ushida T, Furukawa KS. Effect of Pressure Conditions in Uterine Decellularization Using Hydrostatic Pressure on Structural Protein Preservation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:814. [PMID: 37508841 PMCID: PMC10376797 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine regeneration using decellularization scaffolds provides a novel treatment for uterine factor infertility. Decellularized scaffolds require maximal removal of cellular components and minimal damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Among many decellularization methods, the hydrostatic pressure (HP) method stands out due to its low cytotoxicity and superior ECM preservation compared to the traditional detergent methods. Conventionally, 980 MPa was utilized in HP decellularization, including the first successful implementation of uterine decellularization previously reported by our team. However, structural protein denaturation caused by exceeding pressure led to a limited regeneration outcome in our previous research. This factor urged the study on the effects of pressure conditions in HP methods on decellularized scaffolds. The authors, therefore, fabricated a decellularized uterine scaffold at varying pressure conditions and evaluated the scaffold qualities from the perspective of cell removal and ECM preservation. The results show that by using lower decellularization pressure conditions of 250 MPa, uterine tissue can be decellularized with more preserved structural protein and mechanical properties, which is considered to be promising for decellularized uterine scaffold fabrication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Narintadeach Charoensombut
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kinyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Akio Kishida
- Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Katsuko S Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Yagi K, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Hatano M, Asano D, Ishikawa Y, Ueda H, Watanabe S, Akahoshi K, Ono H, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Loss of SFXN1 mitigates lipotoxicity and predicts poor outcome in non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9449. [PMID: 37296228 PMCID: PMC10256799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes a huge global burden, arising from various etiological factors such as hepatitis virus infection and metabolic syndrome. While prophylactic vaccination and antiviral treatment have decreased the incidence of viral HCC, the growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome has led to an increase in non-viral HCC. To identify genes downregulated and specifically associated with unfavorable outcome in non-viral HCC cases, screening analysis was conducted using publically available transcriptome data. Among top 500 genes meeting the criteria, which were involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function, a serine transporter located on inner mitochondrial membrane SFXN1 was highlighted. SFXN1 protein expression was significantly reduced in 33 of 105 HCC tissue samples, and correlated to recurrence-free and overall survival only in non-viral HCC. Human HCC cells with SFXN1 knockout (KO) displayed higher cell viability, lower fat intake and diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to palmitate administration. In a subcutaneous transplantation mouse model, high-fat diet feeding attenuated tumorigenic potential in the control cells, but not in the SFXN1-KO cells. In summary, loss of SFXN1 expression suppresses lipid accumulation and ROS generation, preventing toxic effects from fat overload in non-viral HCC, and predicts clinical outcome of non-viral HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yagi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumi Hatano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ishikawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Watanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pan XF, Yang JJ, Shu XO, Moore SC, Palmer ND, Guasch-Ferré M, Herrington DM, Harada S, Eliassen H, Wang TJ, Gerszten RE, Albanes D, Tzoulaki I, Karaman I, Elliott P, Zhu H, Wagenknecht LE, Zheng W, Cai H, Cai Q, Matthews CE, Menni C, Meyer KA, Lipworth LP, Ose J, Fornage M, Ulrich CM, Yu D. Associations of circulating choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:893-906. [PMID: 34020444 PMCID: PMC8408854 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient; however, the associations of choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic risk remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of circulating choline, betaine, carnitine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) with cardiometabolic biomarkers and their potential dietary and nondietary determinants. METHODS The cross-sectional analyses included 32,853 participants from 17 studies, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. In each study, metabolites and biomarkers were log-transformed and standardized by means and SDs, and linear regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were estimated with adjustments for potential confounders. Study-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analyses. A false discovery rate <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS We observed moderate positive associations of circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG with creatinine [β (95% CI): 0.136 (0.084, 0.188), 0.106 (0.045, 0.168), and 0.128 (0.087, 0.169), respectively, for each SD increase in biomarkers on the log scale], carnitine with triglycerides (β = 0.076; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.109), homocysteine (β = 0.064; 95% CI: 0.033, 0.095), and LDL cholesterol (β = 0.055; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.096), DMG with homocysteine (β = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.114), insulin (β = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.043, 0.093), and IL-6 (β = 0.060; 95% CI: 0.027, 0.094), but moderate inverse associations of betaine with triglycerides (β = -0.146; 95% CI: -0.188, -0.104), insulin (β = -0.106; 95% CI: -0.130, -0.082), homocysteine (β = -0.097; 95% CI: -0.149, -0.045), and total cholesterol (β = -0.074; 95% CI: -0.102, -0.047). In the whole pooled population, no dietary factor was associated with circulating choline; red meat intake was associated with circulating carnitine [β = 0.092 (0.042, 0.142) for a 1 serving/d increase], whereas plant protein was associated with circulating betaine [β = 0.249 (0.110, 0.388) for a 5% energy increase]. Demographics, lifestyle, and metabolic disease history showed differential associations with these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles, whereas circulating betaine was associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile. Future prospective studies are needed to examine the associations of these metabolites with incident cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heather Eliassen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Loren P Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Fukuyama K, Kagi H, Inoue T, Kakizawa S, Shinmei T, Hishita S, Takahata N, Sano Y. High nitrogen solubility in stishovite (SiO 2) under lower mantle conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10897. [PMID: 32616729 PMCID: PMC7331719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a crucial volatile element in the early Earth's evolution and the origin of life. Despite its importance, nitrogen's behavior in the Earth's interior remains poorly understood. Compared to other volatile elements, nitrogen is depleted in the Earth's atmosphere (the so-called "missing nitrogen"), calling for a hidden deep reservoir. To investigate nitrogen's behavior in the deep Earth including how the reservoir formed, high-pressure and high-temperature experiments were conducted at 28 GPa and 1,400-1,700 °C. To reproduce the conditions in the lower mantle, the redox was controlled using a Fe-FeO buffer. We observed that depending on the temperature conditions, stishovite can incorporate up to 90-404 ppm nitrogen, experimentally demonstrating that stishovite has the highest nitrogen solubility among the deep mantle minerals. Stishovite is the main mineral component of subducted nitrogen-rich sedimentary rocks and eroded continental crust that are eventually transported down to the lower mantle. Our results suggest that nitrogen could have been continuously transported into the lower mantle via subduction, ever since plate tectonics began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fukuyama
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kagi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Toru Inoue
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Sho Kakizawa
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Toru Shinmei
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hishita
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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Kakutani N, Takada S, Nambu H, Matsumoto J, Furihata T, Yokota T, Fukushima A, Kinugawa S. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor prevents skeletal muscle fibrosis in myocardial infarction mice. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32334642 PMCID: PMC7183133 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-Smad2/3 is the major signaling pathway of fibrosis, which is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagen. Although the ECM is an essential component of skeletal muscle, fibrosis may be harmful to muscle function. On the other hand, our previous studies have shown that levels of angiotensin II, which acts upstream of TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling, is increased in mice with myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we found higher skeletal muscle fibrosis in MI mice compared with control mice, and we investigated the mechanisms involved therein. Moreover, we administered an inhibitor based on the above mechanism and investigated its preventive effects on skeletal muscle fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice with MI were created, and sham-operated mice were used as controls. The time course of skeletal muscle fibrosis post-MI was analyzed by picrosirius-red staining (days 1, 3, 7, and 14). Mice were then divided into 3 groups: sham + vehicle (Sham + Veh), MI + Veh, and MI + lisinopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor, 20 mg/kg body weight/day in drinking water; MI + Lis). Lis or Veh was administered from immediately after the surgery to 14 days postsurgery. RESULTS Skeletal muscle fibrosis was significantly increased in MI mice compared with sham mice from 3 to 14 days postsurgery. Although mortality was lower in the MI + Lis mice than the MI + Veh mice, there was no difference in cardiac function between the 2 groups at 14 days. Skeletal muscle fibrosis and hydroxyproline (a key marker of collagen content) were significantly increased in MI + Veh mice compared with the Sham + Veh mice. Consistent with these results, protein expression of TGF-β and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in the skeletal muscle during the early time points after surgery (days 1-7 postsurgery) and blood angiotensin II at 14 days postsurgery was increased in MI mice compared with sham mice. These impairments were improved in MI + Lis mice, without any effects on spontaneous physical activity, muscle strength, muscle weight, and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS ACE inhibitor administration prevents increased skeletal muscle fibrosis during the early phase after MI. Our findings indicate a new therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kakutani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Department of Sports Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan.
| | - Hideo Nambu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takaaki Furihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Nakai H, Itatani T, Horiike R, Kyota K, Tsukasaki K. Tsunami evacuation simulation using geographic information systems for homecare recipients depending on electric devices. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199252. [PMID: 29927985 PMCID: PMC6013199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsunamis cause direct damage to property and destroy infrastructure. In addition, power outages can lead to death, especially for patients who rely on medical equipment requiring a power supply. Recently, Nankai Trough Earthquakes have been predicted, and much effort has been put into developing countermeasures in Japan. Kochi City on Shikoku Island is expected to suffer in the event of a large tsunami. The present study identifies individuals living in Kochi who need evacuation assistance and depend on electrical medical devices, simulates evacuation behavior and inundation during a tsunami using a geographic information system (GIS), and considers the usefulness of such a GIS. We asked caregivers, including visiting nurses, to introduce us to homecare recipients who rely on a ventilator, an endotracheal suction device, or other medical devices requiring electric power. We received introductions to 52 homecare recipients. Using a GIS, we plotted the area of predicted inundation and the locations of homecare recipients, nursing stations, and welfare evacuation shelters. We predicted evacuation routes, and then analyzed the time difference between the time required for evacuation and tsunami arrival at a welfare evacuation shelter. To measure the effects of the main parameters, we conducted both one-way and multi-way sensitivity analysis. In the event of a tsunami, eight of the homecare recipients living in the forecasted inundation areas in Kochi may face delayed evacuation. Among homecare recipients facing a high possibility of escape delay, 95.2% lived more than 1,800 m from the nearest welfare evacuation shelter. We found that individual evacuation behavior can be simulated by specifying the residence of a homecare recipient and the evacuation route using a GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Nakai
- Nursing Department, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomoya Itatani
- Division of Health Sciences, Doctoral Course of Graduate School of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryo Horiike
- Medical Policy Section, Health Policy Department, Kochi, Kochi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kyota
- Division of Health Sciences, Doctoral Course of Graduate School of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsukasaki
- Division of Health Sciences, Doctoral Course of Graduate School of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
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11
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Takaku Y, Suzuki H, Kawasaki H, Ohta I, Ishii D, Hirakawa S, Tsutsui T, Matsumoto H, Takehara S, Nakane C, Sakaida K, Suzuki C, Muranaka Y, Kikuchi H, Konno H, Shimomura M, Hariyama T. A modified 'NanoSuit®' preserves wet samples in high vacuum: direct observations on cells and tissues in field-emission scanning electron microscopy. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:160887. [PMID: 28405375 PMCID: PMC5383832 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has proven very useful in biomedical research, the high vacuum required (10-3 to 10-7 Pa) precludes direct observations of living cells and tissues at high resolution and often produces unwanted structural changes. We have previously described a method that allows the investigator to keep a variety of insect larvae alive in the high vacuum environment of the electron microscope by encasing the organisms in a thin, vacuum-proof suit, the 'NanoSuit®'. However, it was impossible to protect wet tissues freshly excised from intact organisms or cultured cells. Here we describe an improved 'NanoSuit' technique to overcome this limitation. We protected the specimens with a surface shield enhancer (SSE) solution that consists of glycerine and electrolytes and found that the fine structure of the SSE-treated specimens is superior to that of conventionally prepared specimens. The SSE-based NanoSuit affords a much stronger barrier to gas and/or liquid loss than the previous NanoSuit did and, since it allows more detailed images, it could significantly help to elucidate the 'real' organization of cells and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Takaku
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Isao Ohta
- Laboratory for Ultrastructure Research and Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takami Tsutsui
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Haruko Matsumoto
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Sayuri Takehara
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Nakane
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kana Sakaida
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Chiaki Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Muranaka
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomura
- Departments of Bio- and Material Photonics, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Hokkaido 066-8655, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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