Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von (Ph4P)4[Bi8I28], (nBu4N)[Bi2I7] und (Et3PhN)2[Bi3I11] - Iodobismutate mit isolierten bzw. polymeren Anionen

Discrete Hexa- and Binuclear Heterometallic Iodobismuthate(III) Complexes with Cu(I) and Ag(I)

The rare examples of discrete anionic halobismuthates(III) with group 11 elements were obtained. Those are (3-MePyH)6[Bi4Cu2I20] (1) and (3,5-MePyC6)3[BiAgI7]2 (2) (3-MePyH = 3-methylpyridinium cation, 3,5-MePyC6=1,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyridinium)hexane dication). Both complexes were isolated as pure phases; the optical band gaps for 1 and 2 are 1.75 and 2.23 eV, respectively.

Enhanced Circular Dichroism and Polarized Emission in an Achiral, Low Band Gap Bismuth Iodide Perovskite Derivative

Lead halide perovskites and related main-group halogenido metalates offer unique semiconductor properties and diverse applications in photovoltaics, solid-state lighting, and photocatalysis. Recent advances in incorporating chiral organic cations have led to the emergence of chiral metal-halide semiconductors with intriguing properties, such as chiroptical activity and chirality-induced spin selectivity, enabling the generation and detection of circularly polarized light and spin-polarized electrons for applications in spintronics and quantum information. However, understanding the structural origin of chiroptical activity remains challenging due to macroscopic factors and experimental limitations. In this work, we present an achiral perovskite derivative [Cu2(pyz)3(MeCN)2][Bi3I11] (CuBiI; pyz = pyrazine; MeCN = acetonitrile), which exhibits remarkable circular dichroism (CD) attributed to the material's noncentrosymmetric nature. CuBiI features a unique structure as a poly-threaded iodido bismuthate, with [Bi3I11]2- chains threaded through a cationic two-dimensional coordination polymer. The material possesses a low, direct optical band gap of 1.70 eV. Notably, single crystals display both linear and circular optical activity with a large anisotropy factor of up to 0.16. Surprisingly, despite the absence of chiral building blocks, CuBiI exhibits a significant degree of circularly polarized photoluminescence, reaching 4.9%. This value is comparable to the results achieved by incorporating chiral organic molecules into perovskites, typically ranging from 3-10% at zero magnetic field. Our findings provide insights into the macroscopic origin of CD and offer design guidelines for the development of materials with high chiroptical activity.

Syntheses, structures, photoelectric properties and photocatalysis of iodobismuthate hybrids with lanthanide complex cations

New iodobismuthate hybrids with lanthanide complex counter cations, [Ln(DMF)₈][Bi₂I₉] (Ln = La (1), Eu (2)) and [Tb(DMF)₈]₂[Bi₂I₉]₂ (3) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), were prepared using solvated Ln(III) complexes formed in situ as structure-directing agents. The dimeric [Bi₂I₉]^3- anion moieties of compounds 1-3 are aggregated by two slightly twisted BiI₆ octahedra through face-sharing mode. The different crystal structures of 1-3 are due to the different I⋯I and C-H⋯I hydrogen bond interactions. Compounds 1-3 have narrow semiconducting band gaps at 2.23, 1.91 and 1.94 eV, respectively. Under Xe light irradiation, they exhibit steady photocurrent densities that are 1.81, 2.10 and 2.18 times higher than that of pure BiI₃, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited higher catalytic activities than 1 in the photodegradation of organic dyes CV and RhB, which are attributed to the stronger photocurrent response derived from the redox cycles of Eu³⁺/Eu²⁺ and Tb⁴⁺/Tb³⁺.

Recent advances on structural, thermal, vibrational, optical, phase transitions, and catalysis properties of alkylenediammonium halogenometallate materials (Metal: Bi, Sb, Halogen: Cl, Br, I)

This paper aims to review recent advances on synthesis, crystal structures, thermal, spectroscopic, phase transitions, optical, dielectric, and catalysis properties of hydrate and anhydrous alkylenediammonium halogenometallates materials (Metal: Bi, Sb, Halogen: Cl, Br, I). These hybrid materials present rich structural diversities based on octahedra forming infinite zero dimensional, 1-dimensional chains, 2-dimensional layers, discrete bioctahedra, and discrete tetramer units. The effect, contribution and importance of hydrogen bonding N–H … X (X: Cl, Br, I) are reviewed in terms of solid state relationship. Particularly, a comparative study is made on hydrate and anyhdrous aliphatic chlorobismuthates with alkylenediammonium +NH3(CH2) n NH3 + based on structural data and V/Z variation with (CH2) n chains (n = 2–8, 12), and variation of BiCl6 3− Raman frequencies modes versus (CH2) n chains (n = 3–8). Hydrate salts with (n = 3, 12) consist of isolated BiCl6 3− anions and two water molecules, against others ones with isolated anionic chains [BiCl5 2−] n or Bi2Cl10 4− dimers, formed by distorted octahedra BiCl6 3− sharing corners, vices or edges. The reviewed optical and electronic band gaps suggested interesting compounds with band gaps (1.85–2.4 eV), as suitable materials in optoelectronic properties, photoactive layer in solution-processed photovoltaics, and bio-imaging or photovoltaic applications. It was concluded that iodobismuthate salts have generally the lowest bands gap, compared to that of bromo and chlorobismuthate slats. Catalysis proprieties are reviewed n fast (RhB) degradation under dark conditions for (C4N2H7)4Bi2Cl10, (C5H9N2)BiI4, and {(H-BPA)4·[(BiI6)I13]·2I3} n , and in organic salts synthesis under solvent-free conditions. Herein NH3(CH2) n NH3BiCl5 (n = 5–7) salts were used as highly efficient catalysts, which is a novel tendency in chlorobismuthate researchs in the green chemistry field.

Bismuth(III) Iodide Complexes with 1-Ethyl-4-Dimethylaminopyridinium: Structure, Thermal Stability, and Optical Properties

Abstract

Polynuclear bismuth(III) iodide complexes with 1-ethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium (1-EtDMAP)4[Bi8I28] (1) and (1-EtDMAP)BiI4 (2) have been obtained by the reactions of bismuth(III) iodide with an organic iodide salt cations in organic solvents and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The optical properties and thermal stability of the obtained compounds have been studied.

Unexpected Polymorphism in Bromoantimonate(III) Complexes and Its Effect on Optical Properties

Reactions of [SbBr₆]^3- containing HBr solutions with bromide salts of 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(pyridine) (PyC₂²⁺) or 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyridine) (3,5-MePyC₂²⁺) initially result in the formation of the deep orange complexes Cat[SbBr₅] (1 and 2), featuring unusual Sb···Br interactions in the solid state. In the mother liquor, 1 transforms into discrete binuclear (C₂Py)₂[Sb₂Br₁₀], which demonstrates polymorphism (triclinic 3 and monoclinic 4), while 2 transforms into polymeric (3,5-MePy){[SbBr₄]} (5). DFT calculations reveal that the system of noncovalent Sb···Br contacts may be responsible for the appearance of the observed optical properties (unusual deep orange coloring).

Structural, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Morphological Approach, and Spectroscopic Study of New Hybrid Iodobismuthate Containing Tetranuclear 0D Cluster Bi4I16·4(C6H9N2) 2(H2O)

The Bi4I16·4(C6H9N2) 2(H2O) compound was synthesized by slow evaporation at room temperature. It exhibits a zero-dimensional (0D) tetrameric structure, comprising [Bi4I16]4− distorted octahedra, with strong I⋯I interactions among adjacent anionic clusters. We used Hirshfeld surface analysis to discuss the strength of hydrogen bonds and to quantify the inter-contacts (two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots). It revealed that the hydrogen bonding interactions H⋯I (56.3%), π–π stacking (11.7%), and I⋯I interactions (5.9%) play the major role in the stability of the crystal structure. The crystal morphology was simulated using Bravais–Friedel, Donnay–Harker (BFDH) and growth morphology (GM) methods. The experimental habit of the title compound was adequately reproduced by the two models. The calculated results show that the crystal morphology of the title compound in a vacuum is dominated by five facets: (020), (011), (110), (10−1), and (11−1). The (020) facet is the largest among all the facets calculated. Projection of the facet showed that there are a few polar groups on the (020) facet. In the 50–400 and 400–4000 cm−1 frequency regions, we measured the Raman and infrared spectra, respectively, of the title compound, and we assigned the observed vibration modes.

Bromo- and Polybromoantimonates(V): Structural and Theoretical Studies of Hybrid Halogen-Rich Halometalate Frameworks

Cation-dependent reactions "[SbBr₆ ]^3- +Br₂ +HBr+CationBr_x " result in the formation of bromide/polybromide complexes with zero-, one-, two-, or three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks and different Br/Sb ratios (up to 11). Seven new compounds representing six structural types were characterized by XRD and thermogravimetric analysis and DFT calculations enabled estimation of the energies of the Br⋅⋅⋅Br contacts (1.1-4.6 kcal mol^-1 ).

Synthesis, structure and optoelectronic properties of hybrid iodobismuthate & iodoantimonate semiconducting materials

The syntheses, structures and optical absorption spectra of five iodobismuthate and nine iodoantimonate hybrid materials are presented.

Synthesis and structure of pseudo-three dimensional hybrid iodobismuthate semiconductors

The synthesis, structures and semiconducting properties of three isostructural, piperazinium-cation based iodobismuthates, [NH₂(CH₂)₄NH₂][BiI₄]₂·4H₂O, [CH₃NH(CH₂)₄NH₂][BiI₄]₂·3H₂O and [CH₃NH(CH₂)₄HNCH₃][BiI₄]₂·2H₂O, are reported. The materials have pseudo-three dimensional structures consisting of infinite chains formed from edge/face sharing [BiI₆] octahedra with short interchain II interactions of <3.8 Å. The materials have band gaps of ∼1.9-2.0 eV and show variable optoelectronic properties based on the degree of methylation of the templating piperazinium ring-based organic species and the accordingly associated level of solvation in the structure.

Manifestation of helicity in one-dimensional iodobismuthate

The first example of an inorganic–organic hybrid material incorporating a helical iodobismuthate [BiI₄]_∞ is presented.

Iron-bismuth halido compounds: molecules, clusters, and polymers

The pentamethylcyclopentadienyl substituted iron-bismuth halides [Bi{FeCp*(CO)2}X2] [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3); Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5] were synthesized starting from [FeCp*(CO)2]2 and BiX3 (X = Cl, Br), followed by halogen exchange reaction with KI in case of 3. From a reaction mixture of [FeCp*(CO)2]2 with BiCl3 in CH2Cl2 to which CH3CN had been added, a novel coordination polymer of the formula [FeCp*(CO)2(CH3CN)]2n[Bi4Cl14]n (4) was isolated. The change of the molar ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 in the reaction of [FeCp*(CO)2]2 with BiBr3 afforded the novel ionic complex [{FeCp*(CO)2Br]2[Bi6Br22{FeCp*(CO)2}]·CH2Cl2 (5·CH2Cl2). It is demonstrated that treatment of [FeCp*(CO)2X] (X = Cl, Br) with BiCl3 and BiBr3, respectively, is a more convenient route to synthesize the new halido bismuthates 4 and 5.

A step closer to the binary: the 1∞[Bi6I20]2−anion

A series of crown ether based iodidobismuthates explores the influence of increasing I/Bi ratio and I⋯I interactions on the compounds’ optical properties. This includes [(Dibenzo-18-crown-6)Na(MeCN)₂]₂1∞[Bi₆I₂₀], which contains a strand-like anion with an unprecedentedly low I/Bi ratio.

A Series of New Copper Iodobismuthates: Structural Relationships, Optical Band Gaps Affected by Dimensionality, and Distinct Thermal Stabilities

Three new copper iodobismuthates, red tetranuclear [n-Bu(4)N][Cu(2)(CH(3)CN)(2)Bi(2)I(10)] (1), dark-red infinite linear [Et(4)N](2n)[Cu(2)Bi(2)I(10)](n) (2), and black polymeric ladderlike [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)](2n)[Cu(2)Bi(2)I(10)](n) (3), crystallize from solutions of BiI3 and CuI in the presence of different cations. A regular structural relationship from 0-D (1) to 1-D linear anion chains (2) to 1-D ladderlike anion chains (3) is observed. The self-assembly of the basic building unit Cu(2)Bi(2)I(10) as altered by different cations is proposed to be the driving force for their formation. The optical band gaps exhibit a structure-related decrease from 1 to 2/3, in agreement with their color changes and the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results. The electronic structures and the relationship with corresponding monobismuth analogues and the Ag-Bi isotypes are discussed on the basis of DFT calculations. In spite of their structural similarities, the compounds are distinctive thermally: 2 is stable to 230 degrees C, 1 undergoes a solvent loss at 85 degrees C to form a new phase that is thermally stable to 230 degrees C, and 3 releases a solvent molecule and decomposes at 80 degrees C into BiI(3) and CuI. The essential reasons for these differences are discussed.

Silver Iodobismuthates: Syntheses, Structures, Properties, and Theoretical Studies of [Bi2Ag2I102-]n and [Bi4Ag2I162-]n

Two novel silver iodobismuthates have been obtained: (Et4N)2n-[Bi2Ag2I10]n (1) with one-dimensional infinite chains built from bimetallic tetranuclear units and (Et4N)2n[Bi4Ag2I16]n (2) with a two-dimensional 44 grid assembly of the tetranuclear Bi4I16 subunits as nodes and Ag atoms as linkages. Their optical band gaps, 2.05 and 1.93 eV, fit nicely in a size correlation of the Bi/I subunit, which is further supported by the density functional theory studies.