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Krischer F, Gessner VH. Ligand Exchange at Carbon: Synthetic Entry to Elusive Species and Versatile Reagents. JACS AU 2024; 4:1709-1722. [PMID: 38818072 PMCID: PMC11134600 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
How different is carbon compared to other elements in the periodic table? Can carbon compounds be regarded as coordination complexes with carbon as the central element undergoing a facile exchange of its ligands? Although carbon clearly plays a special role among the elements of the periodic table, recent studies have drawn parallels between the bonding situation and the reactivity of carbon compounds to transition metal complexes. This Perspective summarizes recent reports about ylidic and zwitterionic compounds that were shown to exhibit ambiguous bonding situations that can be interpreted as donor-acceptor interactions similar to the bond between a metal and a neutral ligand. Based on this conception, ligand exchange reactions prototypical of transition metal complexes were realized at carbon atoms, enabling new synthetic strategies for the synthesis of reactive species and building blocks. In particular, the exchange of N2, CO, and phosphine ligands led to the development of a mild method for accessing new compounds and reagents with unusual properties, such as vinylidene ketenes or stable ketenyl anions, that open up a diverse but still poorly explored follow-up chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Holczbauer T, Gál D, Rohonczy J, Matern E, Sattler E, Bombicz P, Kelemen Z, Kovács I. Iron(II) Complexes of P 3 -Chain Ligands: Structural Diversity. Chemistry 2023:e202302661. [PMID: 37804130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron(II) complexes containing ligands with a R2 P-P-PR2 unit were synthesized by metathesis reactions. With R=tBu, a mixture of two isomers is formed; in one of them, the terminal phosphorus binds to the Fe center (ylidic structure), while in the other one, the central P atom is linked to Fe. Starting from differently functionalized parent triphosphanes and corresponding functionalized Fe complexes, the ratio of isomers does not change. The outcome of the reaction and therefore the binding modes of the triphosphane ligands in the resulting compounds can be influenced by the size of the substituents. In the case of R=iPr a chelate complex is formed (both terminal P atoms are linked to the Fe center). Applying the mixed-substituted triphosphane, the ylidic structure of the resulting complex is preferred. The new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy in solution and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in solid-state. The synthetic work was supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Holczbauer
- Centre for Structural Science and Institute for Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma Gál
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Rohonczy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Eberhard Matern
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ewald Sattler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petra Bombicz
- Centre for Structural Science, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
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Schmer A, Bauza A, Schnakenburg G, Frontera A, Streubel R. Molecular 1,1'-bifunctional mixed-valence P-P compounds, enabled through metal complexation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2131-2137. [PMID: 33491699 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04070c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-valence compounds feature the same atoms but in different formal oxidation states. This research field is largely dominated by metal-based solid-state chemistry and has been intensively studied in recent years. By contrast, the situation is different for molecular main group element compounds and to establish 1,1'-bifunctional groups remained a particular challenge. Here a detailed study on 1,1'-bifunctional mixed-valence main group compounds possessing a P-P bond is presented, and the fundamental role of the metal complex fragments is discussed. Based on the generation of a transient phosphanylidene-phosphinidenoid complex a dinuclear diphosphene complex was obtained possessing an unprecedented ambident reactivity, i.e., 1,2-addition or 1,1-addition products were obtained depending on the nature of the reagent. The 1,1-addition products represent stable hitherto unknown 1,1'-bifunctional phosphanylidene-phosphorane complexes which have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. Detailed state-of-the-art DFT calculations provide insight into bonding and reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antonio Bauza
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Sattler E, Szilvási T, Matern E, Bombicz P, Gamer M, Okrut A, Kovács I. Investigations of LiP(SiMe
2
CH
2
SiMe
3
)–P
t
Bu
2
, the Surprising Byproduct in the Metalation of (Me
3
Si)
2
P–P
t
Bu
2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Sattler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive 53706‐1607 Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Eberhard Matern
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Petra Bombicz
- Research Center for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 17 1521 Budapest Hungary
| | - Michael Gamer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Alexander Okrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley 94720 Berkeley CA USA
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 1521 Budapest Hungary
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Benkõ Z, Gudat D, Nyulászi L. A Promising Method for Phosphinidene Generation: Complexes of Phosphinidenes with N-Donor ligands. Chemistry 2008; 14:902-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shah S, Protasiewicz JD. ‘Phospha-variations’ on the themes of Staudinger and Wittig: phosphorus analogs of Wittig reagents. Coord Chem Rev 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Fritz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Shah S, Yap GP, Protasiewicz JD. Crystal structure of the phosphanylidene-σ4-phosphorane DmpPPMe3 (Dmp=2,6-Mes2C6H3) and reactions with electrophiles. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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