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Mishra S. Ultra-mild synthesis of nanometric metal chalcogenides using organyl chalcogenide precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10136-10153. [PMID: 36004549 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(trialkylsilyl) monochalcogenides and diorganyl dichalcogenides, (R3Si)2E and R2E2 (E = S, Se or Te and R = alkyl, aryl or allyl group), have emerged in the past decade as excellent reagents for the synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters owing to their ability to transfer the chalcogenide anion (E2-) under ultra-mild conditions and versatility in reacting even with non-conventional metal reagents or being employed in a variety of synthetic methods. In comparison, the related non-silylated diorganyl monochalcogenides R2E have received attention only recently for the solution phase synthesis of metal chalcogenide NPs. In spite of sharing many similarities, these three families of organyl chalcogenides are different in their coordination ability and decomposition behavior, and therefore in reactivities towards metal reagents. This feature article provides a concise overview on the use of these three families as synthons for the ultralow-temperature synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanomaterials, deliberating their different decomposition mechanisms and critically assessing their advantages for certain applications. More specifically, it discusses their usefulness in (i) affording molecular precursors with different kinetic and thermal stabilities, (ii) isolating reactive intermediates for comprehending the mechanism of molecule-to-nanoparticle transformation and, therefore, achieving fine control over the synthesis, (iii) stabilizing isolable metastable or difficult-to-achieve phases, and (iv) yielding complex ternary nanoparticles with controlled stoichiometry or composites with sensitive materials without modifying the characteristics of the latter. Besides providing a perspective on the low-temperature synthesis of nanomaterials, this overview is expected to assist further progress, particularly in the field of R2E, leading to interesting materials including metastable ones for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Mishra
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5256, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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2
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Grasser MA, Pietsch T, Brunner E, Ruck M. Exploration of metal sulfide syntheses and the dissolution process of antimony sulfide in phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4079-4086. [PMID: 35179150 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), especially task-specific ILs, are capable of dissolving various solids at moderate temperatures without the need for special reaction vessels. Direct synthesis of binary sulfides of B, Bi, Ge, Mo, Cu, Au, Sn, In, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ga, Ni, Al, Zn, and Sb in [P66614]Cl was tested at 100 °C, i.e. below the melting point of sulfur. Under these conditions, substantial sulfide formation occurred only for nickel (Ni3S4, Ni3S2, NiS) and copper (Cu2S, CuS). Sb showed no formation of crystalline sulfide, but after addition of EtOH, an orange material precipitated which was identified as amorphous metastibnite. Subsequently, the dissolution of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3), the main source of antimony production, in the phosphonium-based ILs [P66614][OAc] and [P66614]Cl at 100 °C was studied in detail. The dissolution proceeds without H2S evolution, and amorphous Sb2S3 can be precipitated from these solutions. Heating Sb2S3 in the Lewis-acidic IL [BMIm]Cl·4.7AlCl3 led to the crystallization of [Sb13S16Cl2][AlCl4]5, which contains a new quadruple heterocubane cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Grasser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tobias Pietsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Eike Brunner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Grasser MA, Finzel K, Ruck M. The Layered Semiconductor Cu(Sb
2
S
3
)[AlCl
4
]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A. Grasser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Finzel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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Zaitsau DH, Siewert R, Pimerzin AA, Bülow M, Held C, Loor M, Schulz S, Verevkin SP. From volatility to solubility: Thermodynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing chloride and bromide anions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guschlbauer J, Sundermeyer J. Heavy Chalcogenide-Based Ionic Liquids in Syntheses of Metal Chalcogenide Materials near Room Temperature. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:92-96. [PMID: 33565731 PMCID: PMC7874248 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview describes two strategically different and unexplored approaches to use ionic liquids (IL) containing weakly solvated and highly reactive chalcogenide anions [E-SiMe3 ]- and [E-H]- of the heavy chalcogens (E=S, Se, Te) in materials synthesis near room temperature. The first strategy involves the synthesis of unprecedented trimethylsilyl chalcogenido metalates Cat+ [M(E-SiMe3 )n ]- (Cat=organic IL cation) of main group and transition metals (M=Ga, In, Sn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Au). These fully characterized homoleptic metalates serve as thermally metastable precursors in low-temperature syntheses of binary, ternary and even quaternary chalcogenide materials such as CIGS and CZTS relevant for semiconductor and photovoltaics (PV) applications. Furthermore, thermally and protolytically metastable coinage metalates Cat+ [M(ESiMe3 )2 ]- (M=Cu, Ag, Au; E=S, Se) are accessible. Finally, the use of precursors BMPyr[E-SiMe3 ] (E=Se,Te; BMPyr=1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium) as sources of activated selenium and tellurium in the synthesis of high-grade thermoelectric nanoparticles Bi2 Se3 and Bi2 Te3 is shortly highlighted. The second synthesis strategy involves the metalation of ionic liquids Cat[S-H] and Cat[Se-H] by protolytically highly active metal alkyls or amides Rn M. This rather general approach towards unknown chalcogenido metalates Catm [Rn-1 M(E)]m (E=S, Se) will be demonstrated in a research paper following this short review head-to-tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannick Guschlbauer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science CenterPhilipps-UniversitätHans-Meerwein-Str. 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science CenterPhilipps-UniversitätHans-Meerwein-Str. 435032MarburgGermany
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Salloum S, Bendt G, Heidelmann M, Loza K, Bayesteh S, Sepideh Izadi M, Kawulok P, He R, Schlörb H, Perez N, Reith H, Nielsch K, Schierning G, Schulz S. Influence of Nanoparticle Processing on the Thermoelectric Properties of (Bi x Sb 1-X ) 2 Te 3 Ternary Alloys. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:189-198. [PMID: 33492752 PMCID: PMC7874259 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of phase-pure ternary solutions of tetradymite-type materials (Bix Sb1-x )2 Te3 (x=0.25; 0.50; 0.75) in an ionic liquid approach has been carried out. The nanoparticles are characterized by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the role of different processing approaches on the thermoelectric properties - Seebeck coefficient as well as electrical and thermal conductivity - is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Salloum
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Georg Bendt
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Markus Heidelmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN)NETZUniversity of Duisburg-EssenCarl-Benz-Str. 19947047DuisburgGermany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Samaneh Bayesteh
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
- Institute of Applied PhysicsDresden University of Technology01069DresdenGermany
| | - M. Sepideh Izadi
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
- Institute of Applied PhysicsDresden University of Technology01069DresdenGermany
| | - Patrick Kawulok
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Ran He
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Heike Schlörb
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Nicolas Perez
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Heiko Reith
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
- Institute of Applied PhysicsDresden University of Technology01069DresdenGermany
- Institute of Materials ScienceDresden University of Technology01069DresdenGermany
| | | | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
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Loor M, Salloum S, Kawulok P, Izadi S, Bendt G, Guschlbauer J, Sundermeyer J, Perez N, Nielsch K, Schierning G, Schulz S. Ionic Liquid-Based Low-Temperature Synthesis of Phase-Pure Tetradymite-Type Materials and Their Thermoelectric Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3428-3436. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Loor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Salloum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Patrick Kawulok
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sepideh Izadi
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Bendt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jannick Guschlbauer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Perez
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabi Schierning
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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8
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Klauke K, Zaitsau DH, Bülow M, He L, Klopotowski M, Knedel TO, Barthel J, Held C, Verevkin SP, Janiak C. Thermodynamic properties of selenoether-functionalized ionic liquids and their use for the synthesis of zinc selenide nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5083-5097. [PMID: 29561056 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three selenoether-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) of N-[(phenylseleno)methylene]pyridinium (1), N-(methyl)- (2) and N-(butyl)-N'-[(phenylseleno)methylene]imidazolium (3) with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions ([NTf2]) were prepared from pyridine, N-methylimidazole and N-butylimidazole with in situ obtained phenylselenomethyl chloride, followed by ion exchange to give the desired compounds. The crystal structures of the bromide and tetraphenylborate salts of the above cations (1-Br, 2-BPh4 and 3-BPh4) confirm the formation of the desired cations and indicate a multitude of different supramolecular interactions besides the dominating Coulomb interactions between the cations and anions. The vaporization enthalpies of the synthesized [NTf2]-containing ILs were determined by means of a quartz-crystal microbalance method (QCM) and their densities were measured with an oscillating U-tube. These thermodynamic data have been used to develop a method for assessment of miscibility of conventional solvents in the selenium-containing ILs by using Hildebrandt solubility parameters, as well as for modeling with the electrolyte perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (ePC-SAFT) method. Furthermore, structure-property relations between selenoether-functionalized and similarly shaped corresponding aryl-substituted imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ILs were analyzed and showed that the contribution of the selenium moiety to the enthalpy of vaporization of an IL is equal to the contribution of a methylene (CH2) group. An incremental approach to predict vaporization enthalpies of ILs by a group contribution method has been developed. The reaction of these ILs with zinc acetate dihydrate under microwave irradiation led to ZnSe nanoparticles of an average diameter between 4 and 10 nm, depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Klauke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dzmitry H Zaitsau
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Mark Bülow
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Li He
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Klopotowski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tim-Oliver Knedel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Juri Barthel
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-Aachen, Ernst-Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sergey P Verevkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Schaumann J, Loor M, Ünal D, Mudring A, Heimann S, Hagemann U, Schulz S, Maculewicz F, Schierning G. Improving the zT value of thermoelectrics by nanostructuring: tuning the nanoparticle morphology of Sb2Te3by using ionic liquids. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:656-668. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphology and thermoelectric properties of Sb2Te3nanoparticles synthesized in ionic liquids are controlled by the cation and anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schaumann
- Inorganic Chemistry III – Materials Synthesis and Characterization
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE)
| | - Manuel Loor
- Inorganic Chemistry III – Materials Synthesis and Characterization
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE)
| | - Derya Ünal
- Inorganic Chemistry III – Materials Synthesis and Characterization
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Anja Mudring
- Inorganic Chemistry III – Materials Synthesis and Characterization
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Stefan Heimann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- DE-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Hagemann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN)
- NETZ
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 47047 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- DE-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Franziska Maculewicz
- Faculty of Engineering and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- DE-47057 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - Gabi Schierning
- Faculty of Engineering and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- DE-47057 Duisburg
- Germany
- Institute for Metallic Materials
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