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Xueyuan H, Li L, Yujie Y, Wenshuai Y, Huayun Z, Wei G, Honggang F. Comparison of behavioral and cardiopulmonary parameters during immobilization using dexmedetomidine, tiletamine and zolazepam with or without buprenorphine in Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris). J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Di Cesare F, Cagnardi P, Villa R, Rabbogliatti V, Lucatello L, Capolongo F, Gioeni D, Capasso M, Magnone W, Ravasio G. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine simultaneous administration in tigers ( Panthera tigris): pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000412. [PMID: 33178436 PMCID: PMC7640590 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study determines the pharmacokinetic profiles of dexmedetomidine (DEX), ketamine (KET) and its active metabolite, norketamine (NORKET), after simultaneous administration. Moreover, the study evaluates the sedative effects of this protocol, its influence on the main physiological variables and the occurrence of adverse effects. Methods Eighteen captive tigers were initially administered with a mixture of DEX (10 µg/kg) and KET (2 mg/kg) by remote intramuscular injection. In case of individual and specific needs, the protocol was modified and tigers could receive general anaesthesia, propofol or additional doses of DEX and KET. Results Based on the immobilisation protocol, nine animals were assigned to the standard protocol group and the other nine to the non-standard protocol group. Higher area under the first moment curve (AUMC0-last) and longer mean residence time (MRT0-last) (P<0.05) were observed in the non-standard protocol group for DEX, KET and NORKET, and higher area under the concentration-time curve from administration to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-last) only for KET. The KET metabolisation rate was similar (P=0.296) between groups. No differences between groups were detected in terms of stages of sedation and recoveries. All physiological variables remained within normality ranges during the whole observation period. During the hospitalisation period, no severe adverse reactions and signs of resedation were observed. Conclusion The simultaneous administration of 10 µg/kg of DEX and 2 mg/kg of KET can be considered an effective protocol for chemical immobilisation of captive tigers, along with dosage adjusments or when other drugs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Cesare
- Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Petra Cagnardi
- Medicina veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Roberto Villa
- Scienze veterinarie per la salute, la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Medicina veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Lorena Lucatello
- Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro (PD), Veneto, Italy
| | - Francesca Capolongo
- Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro (PD), Veneto, Italy
| | - Daniela Gioeni
- Medicina veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Michele Capasso
- Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Medicina veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
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Cavalera MA, Iatta R, Laricchiuta P, Passantino G, Abramo F, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Otranto D, Zatelli A. Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in tigers infected by Leishmania infantum. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:214. [PMID: 32571332 PMCID: PMC7310479 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of animal species are susceptible to Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in endemic areas, including domestic and wild felids such as tigers (Panthera tigris). Knowledge on the infection of this endangered species is still at its infancy, and therefore this study aims to identify clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of tigers naturally infected by L. infantum. Results Tigers either L. infantum-positive (group A) or -negative (group B) were apparently healthy or presented visceral leishmaniasis unrelated conditions, except for one animal in which a large non-healing cutaneous lesion was observed. However, histological exam and immunohistochemistry carried out on the lesion excluded the presence of L. infantum amastigotes. Biochemical analysis showed that the average concentration of total proteins, globulins and haptoglobin were significantly higher (p < 0.01, p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), while the albumin/globulin ratio significantly lower (p = 0.05) in group A compared with group B. The biochemical alterations were partially confirmed by the serum protein electrophoresis results revealing a significant increase in the total protein value (p = 0.01) and hypergammaglobulinemia (p = 0.03) but an unmodified albumin/globulin ratio in group A. Conclusions In this study tigers infected by L. infantum have shown to be mainly asymptomatic. The absence of clinical signs may lead veterinarians to overlook leishmaniasis in animals kept in captivity. Therefore, diagnostic and screening tests as serology should be part of routinely surveillance programs to be performed on tigers in zoological gardens located in endemic areas. Though only few protein-related laboratory abnormalities were recorded in infected animals, they could provide diagnostic clues for a first suspicion of L. infantum infection in tigers. Indeed, considering the high risk of zoonotic transmission in heavily frequented environment as zoos, a prompt diagnosis of L. infantum infection is of pivotal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy.
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Mercado JA, Romano J, De la Cueva H, Haro P. Multiple successful tiletamine‐zolazepam‐xylazine immobilizations in an Amur tiger cub. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Mercado
- Animal HealthUniversidad Autonoma de Baja California Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias VeterinariasMexicaliBaja CaliforniaMexico
| | - Jacobo Romano
- Medicina VeterinariaZoologico Parque MorelosTijuanaBaja CaliforniaMexico
| | - Horacio De la Cueva
- Biología de la ConservaciónCentro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de EnsenadaEnsenadaBaja CaliforniaMexico
| | - Paulina Haro
- Laboratorio de ParasitologiaCONACYT‐Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo NoguchiUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaYucatánMexico
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Li W, Li G, Zhong Z, Xie B, Zhou Z, Gu W, Shi X, Tang T, Ai S, Fu H, Liu M, Liu M, Wu D, Hu Y, Peng G. Validation of an HPLC assay for determination of Telazol in pregnant pigs: application to placental transfer study. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:801-806. [PMID: 28302956 PMCID: PMC5402205 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics utilized for the immobilization of pregnant mammals are prone to crossing the
placental barrier and cause adverse effects to the fetuses. In this study, we develop a
facile method employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the study of
Telazol crossing the placental barrier of pregnant pigs. The method mainly relies on the
efficient extraction strategy that includes the mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium
acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile (1:4, v/v). When the injected dose of Telazol is 10
mg/kg (5 mg/kg of each constituent drug, zolazepem and tiletamine), zolazepam can cross
the placental barrier as it is detected in both uterus and umbilical cord with
approximately the same content. Conversely, tiletamine is detected in neither uterus nor
umbilical cord, indicating the absence of placental transfer of tiletamine. The different
absorption rates of the two dosage-equal compounds by pigs are found to be the main cause
of their different abilities to cross the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Gangshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Wuyang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Shengquan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
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Clark-Price SC, Lascola KM, Schaeffer DJ. Physiological and biochemical variables in captive tigers (Panthera tigris) immobilised with dexmedetomidine and ketamine or dexmedetomidine, midazolam and ketamine. Vet Rec 2015; 177:570. [PMID: 26626504 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Physiological and biochemical variables in captive tigers (Panthera tigris) immobilised with dexmedetomidine and ketamine or dexmedetomidine, midazolam and ketamine were evaluated. Thirty tigers received either dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (group DK) or dexmedetomidine (0.0125 mg/kg), midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (group DMK). Heart rate, SPO2 and blood pressure were measured at five-minute intervals. Arterial pH, PO2, PCO2, glucose, K+ and arterial and venous lactate were measured at 15 and 45 minutes after immobilisation. A generalised linear mixed model was used for statistical comparison. There was no difference within or between groups at any time point for any measured variable. Measured PO2 was 73.2±17.5 mm Hg and SPO2 was 88.9±10.8 per cent. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were 170.5±48.4, 138.9±41.8 and 121.8±37.2 mm Hg, respectively. Venous lactate was higher than arterial lactate within groups at each time point. Seizure-like behaviour was observed in 25 per cent of tigers in group DK but not in group DMK. The addition of midazolam into a protocol for immobilisation of tigers did not result in a difference in any of the measured variables but may have prevented the development of seizure-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Clark-Price
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, MC-004, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA
| | - K M Lascola
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, MC-004, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA
| | - D J Schaeffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, MC-004, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA
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