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Joy P, Yoganathan S, Korula S, Abraham SSC, Barney AM, Walter VM, Gibikote S, Danda S. Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia and response to corticosteroid therapy. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:596-599. [PMID: 33185009 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praisy Joy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sophy Korula
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anitha M Barney
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vrisha Madhuri Walter
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Gibikote
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Biringer RG. The enzymology of the human prostanoid pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4569-4586. [PMID: 32430846 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids are short-lived autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules involved in a wide range of biological functions. They have been shown to be intimately involved in many different disease states when their regulation becomes dysfunctional. In order to fully understand the progression of any disease state or the biological functions of the well state, a complete evaluation of the genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of the system is necessary. This review is focused on the enzymology for the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the prostanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes). In particular, the isolation and purification of the enzymes, their enzymatic parameters and catalytic mechanisms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gregory Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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3
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Li L, He ZY, Wang YZ, Liu X, Yuan LY. Associations between thromboxane A synthase 1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:463-469. [PMID: 29623931 PMCID: PMC5900509 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A synthase 1 (TBXAS1) catalyses the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Thus, the TBXAS1 gene was investigated as a candidate gene involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. This case-control study collected peripheral blood specimens and clinical data of 370 ischemic stroke patients and 340 healthy controls in the Northern Chinese Han population from October 2010 to May 2011. Two TBXAS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2267682 and rs10487667, were analyzed using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay to explore the relationships between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TBXAS1 and ischemic stroke. The TT genotype frequency and T allele frequency of rs2267682 in the patients with ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in the controls (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02). Furthermore, compared with the GG + GT genotype, the TT rs2267682 genotype was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–2.79, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis with adjustments for confounding factors revealed that rs2267682 was still associated with ischemic stroke (OR = 1.94, 95% CI : 1.13–3.33, P = 0.02). The frequency of the T-G haplotype in the patients was significantly higher than that in the controls according haplotype analysis (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10–2.00, P < 0.01). These data reveal that the rs2267682 TBXAS1 polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke. The TT genotype of TBXAS1 and T allele of rs2267682 increase susceptibility to ischemic stroke in this Northern Chinese Han population. The protocol has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yi He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan-Zhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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4
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Seo MJ, Oh DK. Prostaglandin synthases: Molecular characterization and involvement in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:50-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Chao WC, Lu JF, Wang JS, Yang HC, Pan TA, Chou SCW, Wang LH, Chou PT. Probing Ligand Binding to Thromboxane Synthase. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1113-21. [DOI: 10.1021/bi301400t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chao
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.
O. C
| | - Jyh-Feng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.
O. C
| | - Jinn-Shyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.
O. C
| | - Hsiao-Ching Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.
O. C
| | - Tai-An Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.
O. C
| | | | - Lee-Ho Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department
of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C
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6
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Yanai TK, Mori S. Density functional studies on thromboxane biosynthesis: mechanism and role of the heme-thiolate system. Chem Asian J 2009; 3:1900-11. [PMID: 18844316 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reaction mechanisms for the isomerization of prostaglandin H(2) to thromboxane A(2), and degradation to 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalyzed by thromboxane synthase, were investigated using the unrestricted Becke-three-parameter plus Lee-Yang-Parr (UB3LYP) density functional level theory. In addition to the reaction pathway through Fe(IV)-porphyrin intermediates, a new reaction pathway through Fe(III)-porphyrin pi-cation radical intermediates was found. Both reactions proceed with the homolytic cleavage of endoperoxide O-O to give an alkoxy radical. This intermediate converts into an allyl radical intermediate by a C-C homolytic cleavage, followed by the formation of thromboxane A(2) having a 6-membered ring through a one electron transfer, or the degradation into HHT and MDA. The proposed mechanism shows that an iron(III)-containing system having electron acceptor ability is essential for the 6-membered ring formation leading to thromboxane A(2). Our results suggest that the step of the endoperoxide O-O homolytic bond cleavage has the highest activation energy following the binding of prostaglandin H(2) to thromboxane synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya K Yanai
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan
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7
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Stein RA. Ghosal syndrome - genetics unveiled. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01080_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Thromboxane synthase mutations in an increased bone density disorder (Ghosal syndrome). Nat Genet 2008; 40:284-6. [PMID: 18264100 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2007.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studying consanguineous families with Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome (GHDD), a disorder of increased bone density, we identified mutations in TBXAS1, which encodes thromboxane synthase (TXAS). TXAS, an enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, produces thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)). Platelets from subjects with GHDD showed a specific deficit in arachidonic acid-produced aggregation. We also found that TXAS and TXA(2) modulated expression of TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B (encoding RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), respectively) in primary cultured osteoblasts.
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Hsu PY, Wang LH. Protein engineering of thromboxane synthase: conversion of membrane-bound to soluble form. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 416:38-46. [PMID: 12859980 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 synthase (TXAS) binds to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and catalyzes both an isomerization of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to form thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and a fragmentation of PGH2 to form 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). TXAS is a non-classic cytochrome P450 in that it does not require molecular oxygen or an external electron donor for catalysis. Difficulty in obtaining crystals from the membrane-bound TXAS prompted us to modify the protein to a soluble form. Results from site-directed mutagenesis, hydropathy analysis, and homology modeling led us to identify a putative membrane association segment near the end of helix F in TXAS. We report here the generation of a soluble form of TXAS by deletion of the amino-terminal membrane-anchoring domain and replacement of the helix F and F-G loop region with the corresponding region of the structurally characterized microsomal P450 2C5. The resultant TXAS/2C5 chimera is expressed in bacteria as a cytosolic and monomeric protein. Addition of an amino-terminal leader sequence to enhance expression and a tetra-histidine segment at the carboxyl-terminus to facilitate purification yielded approximately 4 mg of nearly homogeneous TXAS/2C5 per liter of bacterial culture. The TXAS/2C5 chimera contains heme at nearly a 1:1 molar ratio and catalyzes the formation of TXA2, MDA, and HHT at a 1:1:1 ratio, although with a reduced catalytic activity compared to wild type TXAS. TXAS/2C5 exhibits electronic absorption spectra similar to wild type TXAS and has similar affinities toward distal heme ligands such as imidazole and U44069. The chimera was mono-dispersive and thus is promising for crystallization trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yung Hsu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang LH, Kulmacz RJ. Thromboxane synthase: structure and function of protein and gene. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2002; 68-69:409-22. [PMID: 12432933 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(02)00045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ho Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, USA.
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