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Nasrin SR, Yamashita T, Ikeguchi M, Torisawa T, Oiwa K, Sada K, Kakugo A. Tensile Stress on Microtubules Facilitates Dynein-Driven Cargo Transport. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38916205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stress significantly affects the physiological functions of cells, including tissue homeostasis, cytoskeletal alterations, and intracellular transport. As a major cytoskeletal component, microtubules respond to mechanical stimulation by altering their alignment and polymerization dynamics. Previously, we reported that microtubules may modulate cargo transport by one of the microtubule-associated motor proteins, dynein, under compressive mechanical stress. Despite the critical role of tensile stress in many biological functions, how tensile stress on microtubules regulates cargo transport is yet to be unveiled. The present study demonstrates that the low-level tensile stress-induced microtubule deformation facilitates dynein-driven transport. We validate our experimental findings using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. Our study may provide important implications for developing new therapies for diseases that involve impaired intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Rubaiya Nasrin
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8152, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamashita
- Department of Physical University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Torisawa
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8152, Japan
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Inaba H, Kabir AMR, Kakugo A, Sada K, Matsuura K. Structural Changes of Microtubules by Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles Using a Tau-Derived Peptide. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
| | | | - Akira Kakugo
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
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3
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Inaba H, Matsuura K. Modulation of Microtubule Properties and Functions by Encapsulation of Nanomaterials Using a Tau-Derived Peptide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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4
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Nasrin SR, Afrin T, Kabir AMR, Inoue D, Torisawa T, Oiwa K, Sada K, Kakugo A. Regulation of Biomolecular-Motor-Driven Cargo Transport by Microtubules under Mechanical Stress. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1875-1883. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Rubaiya Nasrin
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tanjina Afrin
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Torisawa
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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5
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Nasrin SR, Kabir AMR, Sada K, Kakugo A. Effect of microtubule immobilization by glutaraldehyde on kinesin-driven cargo transport. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Protein self-assembly onto nanodots leads to formation of conductive bio-based hybrids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38252. [PMID: 27922059 PMCID: PMC5138619 DOI: 10.1038/srep38252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The next generation of nanowires that could advance the integration of functional nanosystems into synthetic applications from photocatalysis to optical devices need to demonstrate increased ability to promote electron transfer at their interfaces while ensuring optimum quantum confinement. Herein we used the biological recognition and the self-assembly properties of tubulin, a protein involved in building the filaments of cellular microtubules, to create stable, free standing and conductive sulfur-doped carbon nanodots-based conductive bio-hybrids. The physical and chemical properties (e.g., composition, morphology, diameter etc.) of such user-synthesized hybrids were investigated using atomic and spectroscopic techniques, while the electron transfer rate was estimated using peak currents formed during voltammetry scanning. Our results demonstrate the ability to create individually hybrid nanowires capable to reduce energy losses; such hybrids could possibly be used in the future for the advancement and implementation into nanometer-scale functional devices.
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Andrecka J, Takagi Y, Mickolajczyk KJ, Lippert LG, Sellers JR, Hancock WO, Goldman YE, Kukura P. Interferometric Scattering Microscopy for the Study of Molecular Motors. Methods Enzymol 2016; 581:517-539. [PMID: 27793291 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of molecular motor function has been greatly improved by the development of imaging modalities, which enable real-time observation of their motion at the single-molecule level. Here, we describe the use of a new method, interferometric scattering microscopy, for the investigation of motor protein dynamics by attaching and tracking the motion of metallic nanoparticle labels as small as 20nm diameter. Using myosin-5, kinesin-1, and dynein as examples, we describe the basic assays, labeling strategies, and principles of data analysis. Our approach is relevant not only for motor protein dynamics but also provides a general tool for single-particle tracking with high spatiotemporal precision, which overcomes the limitations of single-molecule fluorescence methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrecka
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Y Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K J Mickolajczyk
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - L G Lippert
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - W O Hancock
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Y E Goldman
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - P Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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8
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Vélez M. Dynamic and Active Proteins: Biomolecular Motors in Engineered Nanostructures. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 940:121-141. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Chan V, Asada HH, Bashir R. Utilization and control of bioactuators across multiple length scales. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:653-670. [PMID: 24345906 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the emerging field of bioactuators across a multitude of length scales. First, we discuss the use and control of biomolecules as nanoscale actuators. Molecular motors, such as DNA, kinesin, myosin, and F1-ATPase, have been shown to exert forces in the range between 1 pN to 45 pN. Second, we discuss the use and control of single and small clusters of cells to power microscale devices. Microorganisms, such as flagellated bacteria, protozoa, and algae, can naturally swim at speeds between 20 μm s(-1) to 2 mm s(-1) and produce thrust forces between 0.3 pN to 200 pN. Individual and clustered mammalian cells, such as cardiac and skeletal cells, can produce even higher contractile forces between 80 nN to 3.5 μN. Finally, we discuss the use and control of 2D- and 3D-assembled muscle tissues and muscle tissue explants as bioactuators to power devices. Depending on the size, composition, and organization of these hierarchical tissue constructs, contractile forces have been demonstrated to produce between 25 μN to 1.18 mN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Nicholas MP, Rao L, Gennerich A. Covalent immobilization of microtubules on glass surfaces for molecular motor force measurements and other single-molecule assays. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1136:137-69. [PMID: 24633798 PMCID: PMC4258907 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0329-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rigid attachment of microtubules (MTs) to glass cover slip surfaces is a prerequisite for a variety of microscopy experiments in which MTs are used as substrates for MT-associated proteins, such as the molecular motors kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein. We present an MT-surface coupling protocol in which aminosilanized glass is formylated using the cross-linker glutaraldehyde, fluorescence-labeled MTs are covalently attached, and the surface is passivated with highly pure beta-casein. The technique presented here yields rigid MT immobilization while simultaneously blocking the remaining glass surface against nonspecific binding by polystyrene optical trapping microspheres. This surface chemistry is straightforward and relatively cheap and uses a minimum of specialized equipment or hazardous reagents. These methods provide a foundation for a variety of optical tweezers experiments with MT-associated molecular motors and may also be useful in other assays requiring surface-immobilized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Nicholas
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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11
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Ito M, Kabir AMR, Inoue D, Torisawa T, Toyoshima Y, Sada K, Kakugo A. Formation of ring-shaped microtubule assemblies through active self-organization on dynein. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Kumar S, ten Siethoff L, Persson M, Lard M, te Kronnie G, Linke H, Månsson A. Antibodies covalently immobilized on actin filaments for fast myosin driven analyte transport. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46298. [PMID: 23056279 PMCID: PMC3463588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors would benefit from further miniaturization, increased detection rate and independence from external pumps and other bulky equipment. Whereas transportation systems built around molecular motors and cytoskeletal filaments hold significant promise in the latter regard, recent proof-of-principle devices based on the microtubule-kinesin motor system have not matched the speed of existing methods. An attractive solution to overcome this limitation would be the use of myosin driven propulsion of actin filaments which offers motility one order of magnitude faster than the kinesin-microtubule system. Here, we realized a necessary requirement for the use of the actomyosin system in biosensing devices, namely covalent attachment of antibodies to actin filaments using heterobifunctional cross-linkers. We also demonstrated consistent and rapid myosin II driven transport where velocity and the fraction of motile actin filaments was negligibly affected by the presence of antibody-antigen complexes at rather high density (>20 µm(-1)). The results, however, also demonstrated that it was challenging to consistently achieve high density of functional antibodies along the actin filament, and optimization of the covalent coupling procedure to increase labeling density should be a major focus for future work. Despite the remaining challenges, the reported advances are important steps towards considerably faster nanoseparation than shown for previous molecular motor based devices, and enhanced miniaturization because of high bending flexibility of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Persson
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mercy Lard
- The Nanometer Structure Consortium and Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geertruy te Kronnie
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Heiner Linke
- The Nanometer Structure Consortium and Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alf Månsson
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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13
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DREBLOW KERSTIN, KALCHISHKOVA NIKOLINA, BÖHM KONRADJ. KINESIN BYPASSING BLOCKAGES ON MICROTUBULE RAILS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048009000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kinesins are motor proteins which convert the chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy to move along proteinaceous microtubule rails and to transport different cargoes to defined intracellular destinations. It is well documented that following the track of a single protofilament is the thermodynamically most effective mechanism of kinesin movement along microtubules. However, the question arises what happens when a kinesin molecule encounters a hindrance along the protofilament. The present study describes a simple, cell-free approach which enables to study the effects of structural blockages on kinesin-based transport. This experimental approach uses dimeric conventional kinesin moving nanometre-sized gold beads along immobilized microtubules whose surface has been irreversibly decorated by blocking proteins. We demonstrated that the continuous bead transport temporarily stopped at sites of blockages, but usually continued after a certain resting time. Our results suggest that single dimeric kinesin molecules are able to change to another protofilament if the next tubulin dimer where the second head should bind is blocked. A bypassing mechanism is discussed which is considered to be one fundamental prerequisite to realize a kinesin-mediated cargo-transport along microtubules over long distances, required for e.g., the fast axonal transport in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- KERSTIN DREBLOW
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - NIKOLINA KALCHISHKOVA
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - KONRAD J. BÖHM
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Malcos JL, Hancock WO. Engineering tubulin: microtubule functionalization approaches for nanoscale device applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1-10. [PMID: 21327409 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the emergences of engineered devices at microscale and nanoscale dimensions, there is a growing need for controlled actuation and transport at these length scales. The kinesin-microtubule system provides a highly evolved biological transport system well suited for these tasks. Accordingly, there is an ongoing effort to create hybrid nanodevices that integrate biological components with engineered materials for applications such as biological separations, nanoscale assembly, and sensing. Adopting microtubules for these applications generally requires covalent attachment of biotin, fluorophores, or other biomolecules to tubulin enable surface or cargo attachment, or visualization. This review summarizes different strategies for functionalizing microtubules for application-focused as well as basic biological research. These functionalization strategies must maintain the integrity of microtubule proteins so that they do not depolymerize and can be transported by kinesin motors, while adding utility such as the ability to reversibly bind cargo. The relevant biochemical and electrical properties of microtubules are discussed, as well as strategies for microtubule stabilization and long-term storage. Next, attachment strategies, such as antibodies and DNA hybridization that have proven useful to date, are discussed in the context of ongoing hybrid nanodevice research. The review concludes with a discussion of less explored opportunities, such as harnessing the utility of tubulin posttranslational modifications and the use of recombinant tubulin that may enable future progress in nanodevice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennelle L Malcos
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Muller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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15
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Dreblow K, Kalchishkova N, Böhm KJ. Kinesin passing permanent blockages along its protofilament track. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 395:490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Sugita S, Murase T, Sakamoto N, Ohashi T, Sato M. Size sorting of kinesin-driven microtubules with topographical grooves on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:755-61. [PMID: 20221564 DOI: 10.1039/b920164e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gliding microtubules (MTs) on a surface coated with kinesin biomolecular motors have been suggested for the development of nanoscale transport systems. In order to establish a sorting function for gliding MTs, events for MTs approaching micro-scale grooves were investigated. MTs longer than the width of grooves fabricated on a Si substrate bridged the grooves (bridging) and many MTs shorter than the groove width almost began to bridge, but returned to the surface that they approached from (guiding). Occurrence probabilities for the events were analyzed with focus on the geometric conditions, such as length of the MTs, width of the grooves, and the incident angle (alpha) of the MTs approaching the grooves. The occurrence probability for bridging increased with an increase in the incident angle (16%, alpha = 0-30 degrees; 51%, alpha = 30-60 degrees; 75%, alpha = 60-90 degrees), and the probability for guiding decreased with an increase in the incident angle (79%, alpha = 0-30 degrees; 55%, alpha = 30-60 degrees; 5%, alpha = 60-90 degrees). The results indicate that an incident angle of 30-60 degrees is an effective condition for MT sorting, because the bridging and guiding events can sort MTs that are longer and shorter than the groove widths, respectively. Furthermore, the occurrence probabilities of both bridging and guiding in a higher concentration of methylcellulose (0.5%) increased up to approximately 70% at incident angles of 30-60 degrees, indicating good feasibility for the development of devices for the sorting of MTs on surfaces with topographical grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukei Sugita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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Yokokawa R, Tarhan MC, Kon T, Fujita H. Simultaneous and bidirectional transport of kinesin-coated microspheres and dynein-coated microspheres on polarity-oriented microtubules. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:1-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Kis A, Kasas S, Kulik AJ, Catsicas S, Forró L. Temperature-dependent elasticity of microtubules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6176-6181. [PMID: 18494514 DOI: 10.1021/la800438q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Central to the biological function of microtubules is their ability to modify their length which occurs by addition and removal of subunits at the ends of the polymer, both in vivo and in vitro. This dynamic behavior is strongly influenced by temperature. Here, we show that the lateral interaction between tubulin subunits forming microtubule is strongly temperature dependent. Microtubules deposited on prefabricated substrates were deformed in an atomic force microscope during imaging, in two different experimental geometries. Microtubules were modeled as anisotropic, with the Young's modulus corresponding to the resistance of protofilaments to stretching and the shear modulus describing the weak interaction between the protofilaments. Measurements involving radial compression of microtubules deposited on flat mica confirm that microtubule elasticity depends on the temperature. Bending measurements performed on microtubules deposited on lithographically fabricated substrates show that this temperature dependence is due to changing shear modulus, implying that the lateral interaction between the protofilaments is strongly determined by the temperature. These measurements are in good agreement with previously reported measurements of the disassembly rate of microtubules, demonstrating that the mechanical and dynamic properties of microtubules are closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kis
- Institut de la Physique de la Matière Complexe, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Yokokawa R, Miwa J, Tarhan MC, Fujita H, Kasahara M. DNA molecule manipulation by motor proteins for analysis at the single-molecule level. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2735-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yokokawa R, Murakami T, Sugie T, Kon T. Polarity orientation of microtubules utilizing a dynein-based gliding assay. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:125505. [PMID: 21817732 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/12/125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The motor protein dynein was introduced into a nanotransport system. We oriented microtubules by their polarity, and immobilized them based on a dynein-microtubule gliding assay system. This system achieved unidirectional transport of kinesin-coated microbeads. In contrast to conventional kinesin-based orientation systems, the dynein-based system allowed the reverse motion of microtubules, resulting in an inversion of the orientation of microtubule polarity and thus reverse transport of kinesin-coated microbeads. This combined kinesin- and dynein-based system constitutes a new means to facilitate the bidirectional orientation of microtubules and transport of cargos in a nanofluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro System Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Abstract
The movements of beads pulled by several kinesin-1 (conventional kinesin) motors are studied both theoretically and experimentally. While the velocity is approximately independent of the number of motors pulling the beads, the walking distance or run-length is strongly increased when more motors are involved. Run-length distributions are measured for a wide range of motor concentrations and matched to theoretically calculated distributions using only two global fit parameters. In this way, the maximal number of motors pulling the beads is estimated to vary between two and seven motors for total kinesin concentrations between 0.1 and 2.5 microg/ml or between 0.27 and 6.7 nM. In the same concentration regime, the average number of pulling motors is found to lie between 1.1 and 3.2 motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Beeg
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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Doot RK, Hess H, Vogel V. Engineered networks of oriented microtubule filaments for directed cargo transport. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:349-356. [PMID: 32900151 DOI: 10.1039/b607281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nature uses networks of oriented filaments to guide intracellular movement of cargo. We describe the first method for designing and constructing interconnected networks of oriented microtubules to create a two-dimensional in vitro transport system. Microfabricated open channels with surface-bound kinesin motor proteins are used to orient short microtubule seeds relative to each other. Guided by the channel geometry, the oriented microtubule seeds are then grown into oriented networks of microtubules, which support motility of kinesin-coated nanospheres with a directional preference determined by the microtubule orientation. In contrast to in vitro gliding motility assays where microtubules glide on kinesin-coated surfaces, engineered stationary microtubule networks could simultaneously utilize different motors, e.g. motors walking in opposite directions. Different motors, via their specific scaffolding proteins, could be utilized to selectively transport specific cargos. The presented method is the first step towards building oriented and interconnected microtubule networks with a user-designed geometry at the micron and submicron scale. The resulting platform enables multiple applications, from cargo sorting to adaptive camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Doot
- Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 351721, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Henry Hess
- Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 351721, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 160 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Viola Vogel
- Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 351721, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. and Institute for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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23
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Abstract
Myosin–actin and kinesin–microtubule linear protein motor systems and their application in hybrid nanodevices are reviewed. Research during the past several decades has provided a wealth of understanding about the fundamentals of protein motors that continues to be pursued. It has also laid the foundations for a new branch of investigation that considers the application of these motors as key functional elements in laboratory-on-a-chip and other micro/nanodevices. Current models of myosin and kinesin motors are introduced and the effects of motility assay parameters, including temperature, toxicity, and in particular, surface effects on motor protein operation, are discussed. These parameters set the boundaries for gliding and bead motility assays. The review describes recent developments in assay motility confinement and unidirectional control, using micro- and nano-fabricated structures, surface patterning, microfluidic flow, electromagnetic fields, and self-assembled actin filament/microtubule tracks. Current protein motor assays are primitive devices, and the developments in governing control can lead to promising applications such as sensing, nano-mechanical drivers, and biocomputation.
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24
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Reuther C, Hajdo L, Tucker R, Kasprzak AA, Diez S. Biotemplated nanopatterning of planar surfaces with molecular motors. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2177-83. [PMID: 17034079 DOI: 10.1021/nl060922l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of nanometer-wide, non-topographical patterns of proteins on planar surfaces. In particular, we used the regular lattice of reconstituted microtubules as template structures to specifically bind and transfer kinesin-1 and nonclaret disjunctional motor proteins. The generated tracks, which comprise dense and structurally oriented arrays of functional motor proteins, proved to be highly efficient for the guiding of microtubule transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Reuther
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Boal AK, Tellez H, Rivera SB, Miller NE, Bachand GD, Bunker BC. The stability and functionality of chemically crosslinked microtubules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2006; 2:793-803. [PMID: 17193124 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bifunctional crosslinking agents have been explored for stabilizing microtubule shuttles used for the active transport of nanomaterials in artificial environments. Crosslinking agents that target amine residues form intertubulin crosslinks that produce crosslinked microtubules (CLMTs) with structural and functional lifetimes that can be up to four times as long as those achieved with taxol stabilization. Such CLMTs are stable at temperatures down to -10 degrees C, are resistant to depolymerization induced by metal ions such as Ca2+, and yet continue to be adsorbed and transported by self-assembled monolayers containing the motor protein kinesin. However, crosslinkers that target cysteine residues depolymerize the MTs, probably by interfering with the guanosine triphosphate binding site. The impact of crosslink attributes, including terminal group chemistry, chain length, crosslink density, and specific location on the tubulin surface, on microtubule stability and functionality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Boal
- Sandia National Laboratory, MS 1413, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
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26
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Bachand GD, Rivera SB, Carroll-Portillo A, Hess H, Bachand M. Active capture and transport of virus particles using a biomolecular motor-driven, nanoscale antibody sandwich assay. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2006; 2:381-5. [PMID: 17193055 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George D Bachand
- Biomolecular Materials and Interfaces Department, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1413, USA.
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27
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Guo H, Xu C, Liu C, Qu E, Yuan M, Li Z, Cheng B, Zhang D. Mechanism and dynamics of breakage of fluorescent microtubules. Biophys J 2005; 90:2093-8. [PMID: 16387782 PMCID: PMC1386787 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakage of fluorescence-labeled microtubules under irradiation of excitation light is found in our experiments. Its mechanism is studied. The results indicate that free radicals are the main reason for the photosensitive breakage. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the microtubules are probed with a dual-optical tweezers system. It is found that the fluorescence-labeled microtubules are much easier to extend compared with those without fluorescence. Such microtubules can be extended by 30%, and the force for breaking them up is only several piconewtons. In addition, we find that the breakup of the protofilaments is not simultaneous but step-by-step, which further confirms that the interaction between protofilaments is fairly weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Guo
- Optical Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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28
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Bohm K, Beeg J, Meyer zu Horste G, Stracke R, Unger E. Kinesin-driven sorting machine on large-scale microtubule arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1109/tadvp.2005.858314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Kis A, Kasas S, Babić B, Kulik AJ, Benoît W, Briggs GAD, Schönenberger C, Catsicas S, Forró L. Nanomechanics of microtubules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:248101. [PMID: 12484982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.248101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the mechanical anisotropy of a single microtubule by simultaneously measuring the Young's and the shear moduli in vitro. This was achieved by elastically deforming the microtubule deposited on a substrate tailored by electron-beam lithography with a tip of an atomic force microscope. The shear modulus is 2 orders of magnitude lower than the Young's, giving rise to a length-dependent flexural rigidity of microtubules. The temperature dependence of the microtubule's bending stiffness in the (5-40) degrees C range shows a strong variation upon cooling coming from the increasing interaction between the protofilaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kis
- Institute of Physics of Complex Matter, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Díaz JF, Strobe R, Engelborghs Y, Souto AA, Andreu JM. Molecular recognition of taxol by microtubules. Kinetics and thermodynamics of binding of fluorescent taxol derivatives to an exposed site. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:26265-76. [PMID: 10818101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the kinetic scheme and the reaction rates of binding to microtubules of two fluorescent taxoids, 7-O-[N-(4'-fluoresceincarbonyl)-l-alanyl]Taxol (Flutax-1) and 7-O-[N-(2,7-difluoro-4'-fluoresceincarbonyl)-l-alanyl]Taxol (Flutax-2). Flutax-1 and Flutax-2 bind to microtubules with high affinity (K(a) approximately 10(7) m(-1), 37 degrees C). The binding mechanism consists of a fast bimolecular reaction followed by at least two monomolecular rearrangements, which were characterized with stopped-flow techniques. The kinetic constants of the bimolecular reaction were 6.10 +/- 0.22 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1) and 13.8 +/- 1.8 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1) at 37 degrees C, respectively. A second slow binding step has been measured employing the change of fluorescence anisotropy of the probe. The reversal of this reaction is the rate-limiting step of dissociation. A third step has been detected using small angle x-ray scattering and involves a 2-nm increase in the diameter of microtubules. It is suggested that the first step entails the binding of the Taxol moiety and the second a relative immobilization of the fluorescent probe. The equilibrium and some kinetic measurements required the use of stabilized cross-linked microtubules, which preserved taxoid binding. The results indicate that the Taxol binding site is directly accessible, in contrast with its location at lumen in the current model of microtubules. An alternative structural model is considered in which the binding site is located between protofilaments, accessible from the microtubule surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, C/Velázquez, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Abstract
The structures of the oppositely directed microtubule motors kinesin and ncd have been solved to atomic resolution. The two structures are very similar and are also homologous to myosin. Myosins and kinesins differ kinetically but, tantalizingly, cryoelectron microscopy has recently revealed that both structures may tilt during ADP release. Such evidence suggests that the two motor families use common structural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Amos
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK.
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32
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Hirose K, Amos WB, Lockhart A, Cross RA, Amos LA. Three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy of 16-protofilament microtubules: structure, polarity, and interaction with motor proteins. J Struct Biol 1997; 118:140-8. [PMID: 9126639 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1997.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional (3D) map, reconstructed from electron microscope (EM) images of naturally occurring 16-protofilament (PF) microtubules (MTs) in ice. We compare it with the tubulin in six 3D maps of MTs decorated with motor domains, three from frozen MTs decorated with kinesin or ncd in the tightly bound AMP-PNP state, and three from negatively stained MTs decorated with kinesin in different nucleotide states. The comparison confirms that kinesin and ncd bind to identical sites and interact with both monomers of a tubulin dimer. Maps of specimens in negative stain and in ice are similar except that the protein in the top half of a motor domain appears denser in negative stain. The interactions have only a small effect on tubulin structure; the outward appearance is unchanged, but there seems to be a small internal rearrangement. The relative polarity of undecorated and decorated MTs is evident from their 3D structures. This agrees with the absolute polarities indicated by the orientations of motors in decorated specimens and by polar superposition patterns calculated for undecorated MTs. An image of tubulin PFs in zinc-induced sheets has been tentatively oriented by similar criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirose
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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