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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee OK, Lee EY. Alginate derived functional oligosaccharides: Recent developments, barriers, and future outlooks. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118158. [PMID: 34119132 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a biopolymer used extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) derived from alginate exhibit superior biological activities and therapeutic potential. Alginate lyases with characteristic substrate specificity can facilitate the production of a broad array of AOS with precise structure and functionality. By adopting innovative analytical tools in conjunction with focused clinical studies, the structure-bioactivity relationship of a number of AOS has been brought to light. This review covers fundamental aspects and recent developments in AOS research. Enzymatic and microbial processes involved in AOS production from brown algae and sequential steps involved in AOS structure elucidation are outlined. Biological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of AOS and their potential industrial and therapeutic applications are elaborated. Withal, various challenges in AOS research are traced out, and future directions, specifically on recombinant systems for AOS preparation, are delineated to further widen the horizon of these exceptional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasree Mrudulakumari Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Chromatographic Profiling of N-Glycans. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31256374 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9055-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Most glycoproteins carry a very heterogeneous mixture of oligosaccharides and even a single glycosylation site of a pure glycoprotein is often heterogeneously glycosylated. The structural diversity of oligosaccharides arises from linkage variants, from differences in the size and number of charges of glycans, and from differences in the monosaccharide composition of glycans. Fortunately, the biosynthetic pathway is subject to certain restrictions, so that structural diversity is limited and amenable to laboratory investigation. Different approaches have been developed to the structural characterization of oligosaccharides, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, linkage analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), sequence analysis using specific exoglycosidases, and others, but a crucial part of these strategies is the separation of the glycan mixture into homogeneous glycan fractions. In this chapter some high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques are described for the isolation of oligosaccharides, in particular N-linked glycans.
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Maier M, Reusch D, Bruggink C, Bulau P, Wuhrer M, Mølhøj M. Applying mini-bore HPAEC-MS/MS for the characterization and quantification of Fc N-glycans from heterogeneously glycosylated IgGs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:342-352. [PMID: 27614258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is a highly sensitive method for the analysis of oligosaccharides without the need for prior derivatization. However, the method suffers from the lack of chemical information with peak assignments based on the retention times of authentic standards or known peaks of reference materials. Here we applied HPAEC coupled on-line with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (HPAEC-MS) using a prototype mini-bore (1mm I.D.) CarboPac PA200 column and challenged the analytical separation based method for the structural assignment of heterogeneous mixtures of N-glycans derived from immunoglobulin G from human plasma, glyco-engineered CHO cells, and Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cells. Compared to an analytical scale 3mm I.D. column, the mini-bore column demonstrated a superior performance with up to 8-fold improved limit of detection for specific N-glycans determined by PAD. Quantitative evaluation by extracted ion current chromatograms revealed detection limits in the 50-100 femtomole range using ion trap MS operated in positive ionization mode. In our hands HPAEC-MS/MS allowed the detection and quantification of even low abundant glycan species including biantennary complex-type, high mannose, hybrid and hybrid bisected structures. In comparison to the detection of N-glycans as lithiated or sodiated adducts, we obtained a 65-fold improved signal-to-noise ratio with protonated ions only. Relative quantitative evaluation by single ion current chromatograms was successfully applied and demonstrated an excellent performance with respect to selectivity in the relative quantification of heterogeneous samples of N-glycans compared to HPAEC-PAD and HILIC-UPLC of 2-AB labelled N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maier
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cees Bruggink
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Mølhøj
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany.
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Yi L, Ouyang Y, Sun X, Xu N, Linhardt RJ, Zhang Z. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of branches in dextran using high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1423:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rohrer JS, Basumallick L, Hurum D. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for carbohydrate analysis of glycoproteins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:697-709. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791307002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tousi F, Hancock WS, Hincapie M. Technologies and strategies for glycoproteomics and glycomics and their application to clinical biomarker research. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:20-32. [PMID: 32938106 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several approaches and technologies are currently available to study the glycosylated proteome (glycoproteomics) or the entire repertoire of glycans in a biological system (glycomics). The biological importance of glycosylation has driven the development of novel, sensitive separation and detection methods. New and improved methodologies, such as high throughput array systems and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for glycan profiling and sequencing, are emerging and are being applied in clinical research. A major thrust of glycoproteomics and glycomic clinical research is the application of these analytical tools to cancer research and is aimed at the discovery of glycan-based biomarkers for diagnosis of early stage human cancers, monitoring disease progression, measuring response to therapy, and detecting recurrence. The identification of cancer biomarkers requires a multidisciplinary approach and therefore this review discusses the strategies, technologies and methods currently used for N-glycoprotein/glycanbiomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tousi
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - William S Hancock
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marina Hincapie
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Su CK, Sun YC, Tzeng SF, Yang CS, Wang CY, Yang MH. In vivo monitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:392-424. [PMID: 19437493 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The roles of metal ions to sustain normal function and to cause dysfunction of neurological systems have been confirmed by various studies. However, because of the lack of adequate analytical method to monitor the transfer kinetics of metal ions in the brain of a living animal, research on the physiopathological roles of metal ions in the CNS remains in its early stages and more analytical efforts are still needed. To explicitly model the possible links between metal ions and physiopathological alterations, it is essential to develop in vivo monitoring techniques that can bridge the gap between metalloneurochemistry and neurophysiopathology. Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a very powerful technique for multiple trace element analyses, when dealing with chemically complex microdialysis samples, the detection capability is largely limited by instrumental sensitivity, selectivity, and contamination that arise from the experimental procedure. As a result, in recent years several high efficient and clean on-line sample pretreatment systems have been developed and combined with microdialysis and ICP-MS for the continuous and in vivo determination of the concentration-time profiles of metal ions in the extracellular space of rat brain. This article reviews the research relevant to the development of analytical techniques for the in vivo determination of dynamic variation in the concentration levels of metal ions in a living animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Prien JM, Prater BD, Cockrill SL. A multi-method approach toward de novo glycan characterization: a Man-5 case study. Glycobiology 2010; 20:629-47. [PMID: 20110246 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory agencies' expectations for biotherapeutic approval are becoming more stringent with regard to product characterization, where minor species as low as 0.1% of a given profile are typically identified. The mission of this manuscript is to demonstrate a multi-method approach toward de novo glycan characterization and quantitation, including minor species at or approaching the 0.1% benchmark. Recently, unexpected isomers of the Man(5)GlcNAc(2) (M(5)) were reported (Prien JM, Ashline DJ, Lapadula AJ, Zhang H, Reinhold VN. 2009. The high mannose glycans from bovine ribonuclease B isomer characterization by ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 20:539-556). In the current study, quantitative analysis of these isomers found in commercial M(5) standard demonstrated that they are in low abundance (<1% of the total) and therefore an exemplary "litmus test" for minor species characterization. A simple workflow devised around three core well-established analytical procedures: (1) fluorescence derivatization; (2) online rapid resolution reversed-phase separation coupled with negative-mode sequential mass spectrometry (RRRP-(-)-MS(n)); and (3) permethylation derivatization with nanospray sequential mass spectrometry (NSI-MS(n)) provides comprehensive glycan structural determination. All methods have limitations; however, a multi-method workflow is an at-line stopgap/solution which mitigates each method's individual shortcoming(s) providing greater opportunity for more comprehensive characterization. This manuscript is the first to demonstrate quantitative chromatographic separation of the M(5) isomers and the use of a commercially available stable isotope variant of 2-aminobenzoic acid to detect and chromatographically resolve multiple M(5) isomers in bovine ribonuclease B. With this multi-method approach, we have the capabilities to comprehensively characterize a biotherapeutic's glycan array in a de novo manner, including structural isomers at >/=0.1% of the total chromatographic peak area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Prien
- Analytical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 4000 Nelson Rd., Longmont, CO 80503, USA.
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Zhang Z, Pan H, Chen X. Mass spectrometry for structural characterization of therapeutic antibodies. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:147-76. [PMID: 18720354 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, have emerged as one of the most promising classes of therapeutics in the biopharmaceutical industry. The need for complete characterization of the quality attributes of these molecules requires sophisticated techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential analytical tool for the structural characterization of therapeutic antibodies, due to its superior resolution over other analytical techniques. It has been widely used in virtually all phases of antibody development. Structural features determined by MS include amino acid sequence, disulfide linkages, carbohydrate structure and profile, and many different post-translational, in-process, and in-storage modifications. In this review, we will discuss various MS-based techniques for the structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies. These techniques are categorized as mass determination of intact antibodies, and as middle-up, bottom-up, top-down, and middle-down structural characterizations. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of structural resolution, sequence coverage, sample consumption, and effort required for analyses. The role of MS in glycan structural characterization and profiling will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process and Product Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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Hanko VP, Rohrer JS, Liu HH, Zheng C, Zhang S, Liu X, Tang X. Identification of tobramycin impurities for quality control process monitoring using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:828-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Most glycoproteins carry a very heterogeneous mixture of oligosaccharides and even a single glycosylation site of a pure glycoprotein is often heterogeneously glycosylated. The structural diversity of oligosaccharides arises from linkage variants, from differences in the size and number of charges of glycans, and from differences in the monosaccharide composition of glycans. Fortunately, the biosynthetic pathway is subject to certain restrictions, so that structural diversity is limited and amenable to laboratory investigation. Different approaches have been developed to the structural characterization of oligosaccharides, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass-spectrometry, linkage analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), sequence analysis using specific exoglycosidases and others, but a crucial part of these strategies is the separation of the glycan mixture into homogeneous glycan fractions. In this chapter some high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-techniques are described for the isolation of oligosaccharides, in particular N-linked glycans.
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12
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Chataigné G, Couderc F, Poinsot V. Polysaccharides analysis of sinorhizobial capside by on-line anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometry coupling. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:241-50. [PMID: 18275965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC)-pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is a performing technique for carbohydrate analysis, due to the selectivity and sensitivity of the detection. The identification occurs through retention times. In absence of standards, structural characterization of complex polysaccharides requests the coupling of HPAEC-PAD with electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. This is a technological challenge, due to the non-volatility and high conductance of the eluents. Therefore, a desalting device has been installed on-line between the PAD and the MS. On-line HPAEC-MS has only been rarely described. We report here successful analysis of biological acidic oligosaccharides, allowing for the first time to demonstrate that membrane anchored 3-deoxy-D-manno-2 octulosonic acid (Kdo) homopolymers are consensus sinorhizobial capsular polysaccharide (KPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chataigné
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR5623, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Chung YT, Ling YC, Yang CS, Sun YC, Lee PL, Lin CY, Hong CC, Yang MH. In Vivo Monitoring of Multiple Trace Metals in the Brain Extracellular Fluid of Anesthetized Rats by Microdialysis−Membrane Desalter−ICPMS. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8900-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac070981z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. T. Chung
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Y. C. Ling
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - C. S. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Y. C. Sun
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - P. L. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - C. Y. Lin
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - C. C. Hong
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - M. H. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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Sanz ML, Martínez-Castro I. Recent developments in sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:74-89. [PMID: 17257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a very important group of compounds due to their roles as structural materials, sources of energy, biological functions and environmental analytes; they are characterized by their structural diversity and the high number of isomers they present. While many advances have been made in carbohydrate analysis, the sample preparation remains difficult. This review aims to summarize the most important treatments which have been recently developed to be applied prior to the analysis of carbohydrates by chromatographic techniques. Due to the multiplicity of structures and matrices, many different techniques are required for clean-up, fractionation and derivatization. A number of new techniques which could be potentially adequate for carbohydrate characterization have also been revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Cano À, Palet C. Xylooligosaccharide recovery from agricultural biomass waste treatment with enzymatic polymeric membranes and characterization of products with MALDI-TOF-MS. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Walters JJ, Grayson MA, Gross ML, Hughes M, Shearer G, Kohl DH, Bashkin J. Ion-exchange chromatography followed by ESI-MS for quantitative analysis of sugar monophosphates from glucose catabolism. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:104-107. [PMID: 16352445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to establish a quantitative method to determine the ratio of [U-(13)C] labeled to unlabeled hexose monophosphates isolated from yeast extracts. This is accomplished by anion exchange chromatography and mobile phase desalting followed by electrospray (ESI) mass spectrometry. We test the method with the analysis of a sample of biological origin. Previously developed analytical techniques are not adequate to accomplish mass spectrometric analysis of these and other small monosaccharide systems because of interference from salt clusters. By lowering the ionic strength of the mobile phase and using a simplified injection system to the mass spectrometer, we were able to obtain data on the relative abundance of the hexose monophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Walters
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 63121, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael A Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Maureen Hughes
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Georgia Shearer
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel H Kohl
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James Bashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Bruggink C, Maurer R, Herrmann H, Cavalli S, Hoefler F. Analysis of carbohydrates by anion exchange chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1085:104-9. [PMID: 16106855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A versatile liquid chromatographic platform has been developed for analysing underivatized carbohydrates using high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) followed by an inert PEEK splitter that splits the effluent to the integrated pulsed amperometric detector (IPAD) and to an on-line single quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). Common eluents for HPAEC such as sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate are beneficial for the amperometric detection but not compatible with electrospray ionisation (ESI). Therefore a membrane-desalting device was installed after the splitter and prior to the ESI interface converting sodium hydroxide into water and sodium acetate into acetic acid. To enhance the sensitivity for the MS detection, 0.5 mmol/l lithium chloride was added after the membrane desalter to form lithium adducts of the carbohydrates. To compare sensitivity of IPAD and MS detection glucose, fructose, and sucrose were used as analytes. A calibration with external standards from 2.5 to 1000 pmole was performed showing a linear range over three orders of magnitude. Minimum detection limits (MDL) with IPAD were determined at 5 pmole levels for glucose to be 0.12 pmole, fructose 0.22 pmole and sucrose 0.11 pmole. With MS detection in the selected ion mode (SIM) the lithium adducts of the carbohydrates were detected obtaining MDL's for glucose of 1.49 pmole, fructose 1.19 pmole, and sucrose 0.36 pmole showing that under these conditions IPAD is 3-10 times more sensitive for those carbohydrates. The applicability of the method was demonstrated analysing carbohydrates in real world samples such as chicory inulin where polyfructans up to a molecular mass of 7000 g/mol were detected as quadrupoly charged lithium adducts. Furthermore mono-, di-, tri-, and oligosaccharides were detected in chicory coffee, honey and beer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cees Bruggink
- Dionex B.V., Lange Bunder 5, 4854 MB Bavel, The Netherlands.
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Pont F, Luciani B, Belmant C, Fournié JJ. Characterization of phosphoantigens by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry and nanoelectrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2001; 73:3562-9. [PMID: 11510819 DOI: 10.1021/ac010184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New phosphorylated microbial metabolites referred to as phosphoantigens activate immune responses in humans. Although these molecules have leading applications in medical research, no direct method allows their rapid and unambiguous structural identification. Here, we interfaced online HPAEC (high performance anion-exchange chromatography) with ESI-ITMS (electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry) to identify such pyrophosphorylated molecules. A self-regenerating anion suppressor located upstream of electrospray ionization enabled the simultaneous detection of pyrophosphoester by conductimetry, UV and MS. By HPAEC-ITMS and HPAEC-ITMS2, a single run permitted characterization of reference phosphoantigens and of related structures. Although all compounds were resolved by HPAEC, MS enabled their detection and identification by [M-H]- and fragment ions. Isobaric phosphoantigen analogues were also separated by HPAEC and distinguished by MS2. The relevance of this device was demonstrated for phosphoantigens analysis in human urine and plasma. Furthermore, identification of natural phosphoantigens by automatically generated 2D mass spectra from nano-ESI-ITMS is presented. This last technique permits the simultaneous performance of molecular screening of natural phosphoantigen extracts and their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pont
- Service de spectrométrie de masse de l'IFR 30, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Kabel M, Schols H, Voragen A. Mass determination of oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry following HPLC, assisted by on-line desalting and automated sample handling. Carbohydr Polym 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
This review describes the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to carbohydrate analysis and covers the period 1991-1998. The technique is particularly valuable for carbohydrates because it enables underivatised, as well as derivatised compounds to be examined. The various MALDI matrices that have been used for carbohydrate analysis are described, and the use of derivatization for improving mass spectral detection limits is also discussed. Methods for sample preparation and for extracting carbohydrates from biological media prior to mass spectrometric analysis are compared with emphasis on highly sensitive mass spectrometric methods. Quantitative aspects of MALDI are covered with respect to the relationship between signal strength and both mass and compound structure. The value of mass measurements by MALDI to provide a carbohydrate composition is stressed, together with the ability of the technique to provide fragmentation spectra. The use of in-source and post-source decay and collision-induced fragmentation in this context is described with emphasis on ions that provide information on the linkage and branching patterns of carbohydrates. The use of MALDI mass spectrometry, linked with exoglycosidase sequencing, is described for N-linked glycans derived from glycoproteins, and methods for the analysis of O-linked glycans are also covered. The review ends with a description of various applications of the technique to carbohydrates found as constituents of glycoproteins, bacterial glycolipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipid anchors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, UK.
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Direct coupling of ionic high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry utilizing a microdialysis junction interface. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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