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Gaber W, Mostafa H, Abdel-Rahman YA, Abd El-Hafeez HH. Morphological studies on the prehatching development of the glandular stomach of Japanese quails using light, electron, and fluorescent microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18096. [PMID: 37872219 PMCID: PMC10593961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the glandular stomach was studied using light, electron, and fluorescent microscopy. The research used 130 Japanese quail eggs from the second to the seventeenth days of incubation.The proventriculus could be distinguished on the3rd day. Its wall consisted of four tunics: tunica mucosa, very thin tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and outermost tunica serosa. Mucosal folds appeared on the 8th day. The luminal epithelium was pseudostratified columnar in type and transformed into simple columnar by the 10th day. The mucosal papillae emerged on the 11th day, spiraled on the 15th day, and had a distinct whorled look by the 17th day. Two types of proventricular glands were recognized: compound tubuloalveolar and simple tubular glands. Both types were situated within the tunica mucosa. On the 4th day, the compound glands emerged as evaginations of the lining epithelium. It began to branch on the 8th day and became well established by the 11th day. The simple glands appeared on the 11th day as localized down-growths of the luminal epithelium forming solid cords. On the 15th day, many of them showed complete canalization. On the 8th day, the muscular coat was differentiated into the lamina muscularis mucosae and tunica muscularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Gaber
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba Mostafa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yousria A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Rutland CS, Soliman SA. Morphology of migrating telocytes and their potential role in stem cell differentiation during cartilage development in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1108-1121. [PMID: 37337938 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are present in a broad range of species and regulate processes including homeostasis, tissue regeneration and immunosurveillance. This novel study describes the morphological features of migrating TCs and their role during cartilage development within the air-breathing organ in Clarias gariepinus, the African sharptooth catfish. Light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine the TCs. TCs had a cell body and telopodes which formed 3D networks in the cartilage canals and extended their telopodes to become the foremost cellular elements penetrating the cartilage matrix. The TCs were also rich in lysosomes that secreted products to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, TCs formed a homocellular synaptic-like structure that had a synaptic cleft, and the presynaptic portion consisted of a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contained intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions were also identified between TCs, which also connected to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. In addition to describing the basic morphology of TCs, the current study also investigated migrating TCs. The TC telopodes acquired an irregular contour when migrating rather than exhibiting an extended profile. Migrating TCs additionally had ill-defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body. The TCs also expressed markers for MMP-9, CD117, CD34 and RhoA. In conclusion, TCs may play multiple roles during development and maturation, including promoting angiogenesis, cell migration, and regulating stem cell differentiation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Clarias gariepinus telocytes form 3D networks, extend their telopodes and contain lysosomes. Telocytes form a homocellular synaptic-like structure including clefts and a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contains intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions form between telocytes, which also connect to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. Migrating telocytes were discovered which had ill-defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes exhibiting irregular contours, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Soliman SA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Kamel BM, Abdellah N, Mustafa FEZA. Role of Uterine Telocytes During Pregnancy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS 2023; 29:283-302. [DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Endometrial remolding and angiogenesis are critical events that occur during pregnancy in order to establish uteroplacental vascular communication. This study investigated the role of uterine telocytes (TCs) in pregnancy. We analyzed the distribution of TCs and morphological changes in the endometrium of the gravid rabbit uterus at different stages of pregnancy: after ovulation, pre-implantation (day 7), post-implantation (days 8 and 9), and mid-pregnancy (day 14) and late (days 21–28) pregnancy. TCs gradually increased with the progression of pregnancy. They had distinctive telopodes (TPs) and podoms, with intranucleolar chromatin. The TCs established contact with decidual cells, growing a glandular epithelium, blood vessels, and immune cells, such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. The TCs underwent morphological changes at the post-implantation phase. They acquired thick and voluminous TPs, formed an extensive three-dimensional (3D) labyrinth at mid-pregnancy, and exhibited irregular-shaped nuclei and a dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum at late pregnancy. They also acquired a convoluted contour-formed complex network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an extensive 3D network in the endometrium, forming a condensed sheath at late pregnancy. Transmission electron microscopy and SEM detected fenestrated TPs, and TCs were identified by CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. TCs also expressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor beta-1. Results suggested that TCs might play an essential role in maternal placenta formation, especially decidualization, regulation of uterine gland development, and neovascularization of maternal uterine blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University , Qena , Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamel
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City , Sadat City 32897 , Egypt
| | - Nada Abdellah
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag 82524 , Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
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Soliman SA, Emeish WFA, Abdel-Hafeez HH. Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3565-3581. [PMID: 35876377 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has roles in iron metabolism, cell generation and differentiation, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Two diet regimes, a basic diet and a 600-mg/kg bovine lactoferrin-supplemented diet were used. The fish were fed for 30 successive days. We included 270 apparently healthy silver carp (H. Molitrix) with an average body weight of 10 ± 2 g/fish. Addition of lactoferrin to the diet led to an increase in the activity of non-specific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen. The lactoferrin-supplemented diet significantly increased survival and disease resistance following V. vulnificus challenge, which seemed to correspond to an enhancement of non-specific immune functions in H. molitrix. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The study evaluates the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Lactoferrin increases the activity of nonspecific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Lapshin NK, Piotrovskii MS, Trofimova MS. Sterol Extraction from Isolated Plant Plasma Membrane Vesicles Affects H +-ATPase Activity and H +-Transport. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1891. [PMID: 34944535 PMCID: PMC8699270 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPase is known to be detected in detergent-resistant sterol-enriched fractions, also called "raft" domains. Studies on H+-ATPase reconstituted in artificial or native membrane vesicles have shown both sterol-mediated stimulations and inhibitions of its activity. Here, using sealed isolated plasma membrane vesicles, we investigated the effects of sterol depletion in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) on H+-ATPase activity. The rate of ATP-dependent ∆µH+ generation and the kinetic parameters of ATP hydrolysis were evaluated. We show that the relative sterols content in membrane vesicles decreased gradually after treatment with MβCD and reached approximately 40% of their initial level in 30 mM probe solution. However, changes in the hydrolytic and H+-transport activities of the enzyme were nonlinear. The extraction of up to 20% of the initial sterols was accompanied by strong stimulation of ATP-dependent H+-transport in comparison with the hydrolytic activity of enzymes. Further sterol depletion led to a significant inhibition of active proton transport with an increase in passive H+-leakage. The solubilization of control and sterol-depleted vesicles in the presence of dodecyl maltoside negated the differences in the kinetics parameters of ATP hydrolysis, and all samples demonstrated maximal hydrolytic activities. The mechanisms behind the sensitivity of ATP-dependent H+-transport to sterols in the lipid environment of plasma membrane H+-ATPase are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina S. Trofimova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPP RAS), 35 Botanicheskaya St., 127276 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.L.); (M.S.P.)
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Soliman SA, Attaai AH, Abdel-Hakeem SS, El-Sayed AM, Abou-Elhamd AS. Endocrine, Stemness, Proliferative, and Proteolytic Properties of Alarm Cells in Ruby-Red-Fin Shark (Rainbow Shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-14. [PMID: 34344492 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the morphological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of alarm cells and their precursors in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Precursor alarm cells were shown to be small, cuboidal, pyramidal, or round in shape, with eosinophilic cytoplasm, resting on the basement membrane of the epidermis. The cells later elongated to become columnar in shape. Subsequently, they enlarged and became large oval-shaped cells. They then underwent shrinkage and vacuolation. The superficial alarm cells were collapsed. Alarm cells were found to have an affinity for different histochemical stains, including bromophenol blue, iron hematoxylin, Sudan black, Mallory triple trichrome, Crossman's trichrome, Safranin O, and Weigert's stains, as well as lipase and alkaline phosphatase. Endocrine properties of the alarm cells were identified by silver staining and synaptophysin immunostaining. Alarm cells exhibited stemness activities and had a strong immunoaffinity for CD117. They had a proteolytic function, as identified by lysosome-specific staining with acridine orange and strong immunoaffinity for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9). They also exhibited proliferatively, reflected by immunological staining by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, alarm cells are unique epidermal cells with multiple functions. They play immunological, and endocrine, roles. They also retain stemness and proliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Abdelraheim H Attaai
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Sara S Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut71516, Egypt
| | - Abeera M El-Sayed
- Fellow, Sohag University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag82524, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
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Kostjukova LO, Leontieva SV, Kostjukov VV. The vibronic absorption spectra and electronic states of acridine orange in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119302. [PMID: 33341748 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) was used to obtain vibronic absorption spectra of acridine orange dye (AO) in an aqueous solution that were in good agreement with the experiment. The protonated and neutral forms of the dye have been investigated. The results of calculations using various functionals and basis sets have been analyzed. The best agreement with experiment was given by the level of theory X3LYP/6-31G(d,p). AO molecular orbitals involved in electronic transitions due light absorption in the visible region of the spectrum have been obtained. The dipole moments and atomic charges of the ground and excited states of the AO molecule have been calculated. Maps of the electrostatic potential have been drawn. An insignificant photoinduced electron transfer was found in the central ring of the chromophore of the dye molecule. According to our calculations, the vibronic coupling and the Boltzmann distribution play a significant role in the absorption spectra of the AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila O Kostjukova
- Physics Department, Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval School, Dybenko st., 1a, Sevastopol, Crimea 299028
| | - Svetlana V Leontieva
- Physics Department, Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval School, Dybenko st., 1a, Sevastopol, Crimea 299028
| | - Victor V Kostjukov
- Physics Department, Sevastopol State University, Universitetskaya st., 33, Sevastopol, Crimea 299053.
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Lapshin NK, Piotrovskii MS, Trofimova MS. Involvement of plasma membrane H +-ATPase in diamide-induced extracellular alkalization by roots from pea seedlings. PLANTA 2021; 253:10. [PMID: 33389194 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The plasma membrane H+-ATPase can be considered as a redox-dependent enzyme, because diamide-mediated inhibition of its hydrolytic and transport activities is accompanied by alkalization of the rhizosphere and retardation of root growth. Plasma membranes were isolated from roots of etiolated pea seedlings treated in the presence of an oxidant-diamide and an inhibitor of redox-sensitive protein phosphatase-phenylarsine oxide. Hydrolytic and proton transport activities of H+-ATPase were determined. The effects of diamide appeared in inhibition of both ATP hydrolysis and the proton transport. However, root treatment with phenylarsine oxide only slightly reduced Vmax, but did not affect ATP-dependent proton transport. The thiol groups of cysteines in the proteins can act as molecular targets for both compounds. However, treatment of isolated membranes with diamide or dithiothreitol did not have any effect on the H+ transport. It can be assumed that water-soluble diamide acts indirectly and its effects are not associated with oxidation of H+-ATPase cysteines. Therefore, plasmalemma was subjected to PEGylation-process where reduced cysteines available for PEG maleimide (5 kDa) were alkylated. Detection of such cysteines was carried out by Western blot analysis with anti-ATPase antibodies. It was found that shifts in the apparent molecular weight were detected only for denaturated proteins. These data suggest that available thiols are not localized on the enzyme surfaces. BN-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weights of the ATPase complexes are almost identical in all samples. Therefore, oligomerization is probably not the reason for the inhibition of ATPase activity. Roots treated with these inhibitors in vivo exhibited stunted growth; however, a strong alkaline zone around the roots was formed only in the presence of diamide. Involvement of H+-ATPase redox regulation in this process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita K Lapshin
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Michail S Piotrovskii
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Marina S Trofimova
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, Russia, 127276.
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Miller NT, Vaughn MD, Burnap RL. Electron flow through NDH-1 complexes is the major driver of cyclic electron flow-dependent proton pumping in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148354. [PMID: 33338488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is vital to balancing the photosynthetic energy budget of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms. The coupling of CEF to proton pumping has long been hypothesized to occur, providing proton motive force (PMF) for the synthesis of ATP with no net cost to [NADPH]. This is thought to occur largely through the activity of NDH-1 complexes, of which cyanobacteria have four with different activities. While a much work has been done to understand the steady-state PMF in both the light and dark, and fluorescent probes have been developed to observe these fluxes in vivo, little has been done to understand the kinetics of these fluxes, particularly with regard to NDH-1 complexes. To monitor the kinetics of proton pumping in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the pH sensitive dye Acridine Orange was used alongside a suite of inhibitors in order to observe light-dependent proton pumping. The assay was demonstrated to measure photosynthetically driven proton pumping and used to measure the rates of proton pumping unimpeded by dark ΔpH. Here, the cyanobacterial NDH-1 complexes are shown to pump a sizable portion of proton flux when CEF-driven and LEF-driven proton pumping rates are observed and compared in mutants lacking some or all NDH-1 complexes. It is also demonstrated that PSII and LEF are responsible for the bulk of light induced proton pumping, though CEF and NDH-1 are capable of generating ~40% of the proton pumping rate when LEF is inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Michael D Vaughn
- SpectroLogix LLC, 9050 Executive Park Drive, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Robert L Burnap
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abdo W, Kamal BM, Soliman SA. Fish telocytes and their relation to rodlet cells in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark) Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18907. [PMID: 33144597 PMCID: PMC7641163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes comprise the major constituents of the supportive interstitial framework within the various organs. They form a 3D network between different types of stromal and non-stromal cells, which makes them distinctively vital. We have previously explored the origin of the peculiar rodlet cells, especially on their differential stages in aquatic species. The current study aimed at highlighting the relation of telocytes with different rodlet stages. Samples of fish, olfactory organs, and gills were processed for semi thin sections, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. It was evident in the study that telocytes formed a 3D interstitial network, entrapping stem cells and differentiating rodlet cells, to establish direct contact with stem cells. Differentiated stem cells and rodlet progenitor cells, practically in the granular and transitional stages, also formed ultrastructure junctional modifications, by which nanostructures are formed to establish cell contact with telocytes. Telocytes in turn also connected with macrophage progenitor cells. Telocytes (TCs) expressed CD34, CD117, VEGF, and MMP-9. In conclusion, telocytes established direct contact with the stem and rodlet cells in various differential stages. Telocytes may vitally influence stem/progenitor cell differentiation, regulate rodlet cell function, and express MPP-9 that may regulate immune cells functions especially, including movement and migration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamal
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Abdo W, Soliman SA. Migratory Activities and Stemness Properties of Rodlet Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1035-1052. [PMID: 32819453 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to characterize different stages of rodlet cells using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Granular rodlet cells have a distinct granular cytoplasm. Transitional rodlet cells had distinct capsules, and immature granules. Mature rodlet cells were pear-shaped and had elongated granules. Ruptured rodlet cells had a granular cytoplasm. The affinity of rodlet cells for different histochemical techniques was detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of rodlet cells for stem cell markers such as CD117, CD34, proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), endopeptidase activity; matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MPP-9) and the angiogenic factor; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated. All stages of rodlet cells were expressed CD117. However, the ruptured stage was CD117-negative. The granular, transitional, and mature stages had strong CD34 immunoaffinity, while the ruptured rodlet cells were CD34-negative. The most potent immunoreactivity for PCNA was the granular rodlet cells. The transitional cells exhibited less immunoreactivity, while mature rodlet cells had no immunoaffinity for PCNA. All stages of rodlet cells had high enzyme activity as indicated by Acridine orange and exhibited strong MPP-9 immunoaffinity. VEGF is mostly expressed by granular, transitional, and mature rodlet cells. In conclusion, rodlet cells relatively had stemness properties, endopeptidase activity, express a proliferation marker, and angiogenic factors. We suggest a potential role of rodlet cells in immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh33516, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
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12
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Soliman SA. Morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype of TCs in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp and their potential role in intestinal immunity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14039. [PMID: 32820212 PMCID: PMC7441181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated telocytes (TCs) in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp using light microscopy (LM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By LM, TCs were distinguished by the typical morphological features that had a cell body and telopodes using HE, toluidine blue, methylene blue, Marsland silver stain, Grimelius's silver nitrate, Giemsa, PAS, combined AB pH2,5/PAS, Crossmon's and Mallory triple trichrome, Van Gieson stains, Verhoeff's stain, Sudan black, osmic acid, performic acid with methylene blue and bromophenol blue. TCs were identified under the epithelium as an individual cell or formed a TCs sheath. They detected in the lamina propria, between muscle fibers, around the myenteric plexus and fibrous tissue. TCs acquired immunological features of endocrine cells that exhibited high affinity for silver stain, performic acid with methylene blue, Marsland stain, and immunohistochemical staining using chromogranin A. Sub epithelial TCs were closely related to the endocrine cells. TCs and their secretory activities were recognized using acridine orange. TCs were identified by IHC using CD34, CD117, S100-protein, desmin. TCs formed a3D network that established contact with macrophage, mast cells, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, smooth muscle fibers, fibroblast, Schwann cells and nerve fibers. In conclusion, the localization of TCs in relation to different types of immune cells indicated their potential role in the maintenance of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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13
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Sayed M, Tom DM, Pal H. Multimode binding and stimuli responsive displacement of acridine orange dye complexed with p-sulfonatocalix[4/6]arene macrocycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13306-13319. [PMID: 32510077 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of acridine orange (AOH+) dye with water soluble anionic p-sulfonatocalix[n]arene (SCXn) hosts, SCX4 and SCX6, having different cavity dimensions, has been investigated using multispectroscopic techniques. Intriguing modulation in the photophysical properties of AOH+ upon interaction with SCXn hosts indicate the formation of different host-guest complexes at different regions of the host concentrations. At lower host concentrations, AOH+ undergoes SCXn assisted aggregation, causing a drastic reduction in fluorescence intensity. At higher host concentrations, aggregated-AOH+-SCXn complexes disintegrate and monomeric-AOH+-SCXn exo and inclusion complexes are eventually formed, leading to a huge fluorescence enhancement finally. Observed effects are more pronounced with SCX6 as compared to SCX4 host. Time-resolved fluorescence studies indicate that at very high host concentrations, there is also a diffusion-controlled dynamic quenching for both monomeric-AOH+-SCXn exo and inclusion complexes, caused by the free SCXn present in the solution, a phenomenon not reported before for such host-guest systems. The aggregated-AOH+-SCXn complexes at lower host concentration were employed to investigate displacement study using an antiviral drug, 1-adamantanamine (AD) and a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (AcCh), as the competitive binders cum external stimuli, which resulted in a drastic recovery of the fluorescence reduced initially due to aggregation process. Though both the AOH+-SCXn systems act as efficient supramolecular assemblies in sensing AD and AcCh as the analytes through fluorescence "OFF-ON" mechanism, the effect is more pronounced for AOH+-SCX4 system as compared to AOH+-SCX6. SCXn induced interesting modulation in the photophysical properties of AOH+ and the stimulus responsive dye displacement observed for aggregated-AOH+-SCXn systems can expectedly find applications in fluorescence OFF-ON sensing, supramolecular functional materials and similar others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Dona M Tom
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Haridas Pal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India. and Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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14
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Liu J, Zhang W, Kumar A, Rong X, Yang W, Chen H, Xie J, Wang Y. Acridine Orange Encapsulated Mesoporous Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles to Enhance Radiotherapy. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:82-92. [PMID: 31809019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles are a promising type of radiosensitizer for they can catalyze H2O2 decomposition to produce O2. Combining MnO2 nanoparticles with conventional, small molecule radiosensitizers would further enhance radiotherapy (RT) efficacy due to complementary mechanisms of action. However, solid MnO2 nanoparticles are suboptimal at drug loading, limiting the related progress. Herein we report a facile method to synthesize mesoporous MnO2 (mMnO2) nanoparticles, which can efficiently encapsulate small molecule therapeutics. In particular, we found that acridine orange (AO), a small molecule radiosensitizer, can be loaded onto mMnO2 nanoparticles at very high efficiency and released to the surroundings in a controlled fashion. We show that mMnO2 nanoparticles can efficiently produce O2 inside cells. This, together with AO-induced DNA damage, significantly enhances RT outcomes, which was validated both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, mMnO2 nanoparticles slowly degrade in acidic environments to release Mn2+, providing a facile way to keep track of the nanoparticles through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Overall, our studies suggest mMnO2 as a promising nanoplatform that can be exploited to produce composite radiosensitizers for RT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | | | - Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Hongmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Fujian 361102 , China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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15
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Mokhtar DM. Characterization of the fish ovarian stroma during the spawning season: Cytochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:566-579. [PMID: 31550509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the ovarian stroma of the fish during their spawning season become it an excellent biological model for studies on cellular and vascular elements due to the intense tissue remodeling in fish occur naturally throughout this critical period. The present study aims to investigate the cellular and vascular components of the ovarian stroma of Redbelly tilapia during the spawning season by conventional, immunohistochemical stains as well as to detect the ultrastructural characteristics for each stromal component. The histological examinations revealed a series of blood vessels with special structures, include throttle artery, glomus, spirally oriented arterioles, modified arteries, and veins as well as arteriovenous anastomosis. Various types of cells were detected in the stroma include; telocytes, rodlet cells, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, melanocytes, adipocytes, dendritic cells, and endocrine (steroidogenic, interstitial) cells. Moreover, these stromal cells showed a broad range of staining affinity against c-kit, desmin, and s100-protein. Bundles of nerve fibers were detected between the follicles. This study exposed various cellular and vascular components with distinct functions in the ovary of Redbelly tilapia during the spawning season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt.
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16
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Santos JM, Hussain F. VD3 mitigates breast cancer aggressiveness by targeting V-H+-ATPase. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:185-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Giansanti L, Condello M, Altieri B, Galantini L, Meschini S, Mancini G. Influence of lipid composition on the ability of liposome loaded voacamine to improve the reversion of doxorubicin resistant osteosarcoma cells. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 223:104781. [PMID: 31229409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The plant alkaloid voacamine (VOA) displays many interesting pharmacological activities thus, considering its scarce solubility in water, its encapsulation into liposome formulations for its delivery is an important goal. Different cationic liposome formulations containing a phospholipid, cholesterol and one of two diasteromeric cationic surfactants resulted able to maintain a stable transmembrane difference in ammonium sulfate concentration and/or pH gradient and to accumulate VOA in their internal aqueous bulk. The fluidity of the lipid bilayer affects both the ability to maintain a stable imbalance of protons and/or ammonium ions across the membrane and the entrapment efficiency. It was shown that VOA loaded into liposomes is more efficient than the free alkaloid to revert resistance of osteosarcoma cells resistant to doxorubicin to an extent depending on their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giansanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100, Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy; CNR-Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Maria Condello
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100, Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy; CNR-Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Meschini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Mancini
- CNR-Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy.
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18
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Morphological changes of telocytes in camel efferent ductules in response to seasonal variations during the reproductive cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4507. [PMID: 30872789 PMCID: PMC6418092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct stromal cell type described in many organs. The present study investigated the existence of TCs within the efferent ductules in camel and the changes that occur in their morphology and activity during active and inactive reproductive seasons. TCs in the camel had a cell body and multiple telopodes (TPs), and most TCs had indented nuclei that exhibited prominent intranucleolar chromatin. TCs exhibited seasonal differences which were evaluated by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Transimition electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of TCs in camel efferent ductules has been confirmed by CD34 positive immunostaing. In addition to the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which was stronger in the summer season. TCs exhibited stronger immunoreactivity for progesterone and oestrogen alpha receptors (ESR1) in the spring than in the summer. In addition, TCs showed strong positive immunostaining for both vimentin and androgen receptor (AR). Several ultrastructural changes were observed in TCs during the two seasons. TPs in the summer season had delicate ramifications whereas, in the spring, TPs displayed fine arborization and became more corrugated. TCs acquired signs of exaggerated secretory activities in the spring; TPs became expanded and packed with secretory vesicles. Thus, we conclude that, hormonal alterations during the reproductive cycle impact the morphology and secretory behavior of TCs.
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19
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Sayed M, Gubbala GK, Pal H. Contrasting interactions of DNA-intercalating dye acridine orange with hydroxypropyl derivatives of β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin hosts. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates contrasting binding interactions of acridine orange dye with HPβCD and HPγCD hosts, always illustrating fluoresence “turn on” in the case of HPβCD and showing an interesting fluorescence “off/on switching” in the case of the HPγCD host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Ganesh K. Gubbala
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
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20
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Prajapati R, Larsen SW, Yaghmur A. Citrem–phosphatidylcholine nano-self-assemblies: solubilization of bupivacaine and its role in triggering a colloidal transition from vesicles to cubosomes and hexosomes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15142-15150. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In concentration- and lipid composition-dependent manners, bupivacaine triggers lamellar–nonlamellar phase transitions in citrem/soy phosphatidylcholine nanodispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Susan Weng Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
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21
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Ionic gradient liposomes: Recent advances in the stable entrapment and prolonged released of local anesthetics and anticancer drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Sayed M, Panjwani S, Pal H. Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin Templated Assembly and Disassembly of Acridine Orange: Unraveling Contrasting Binding Mechanisms and Light Off/On Switching. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Shirin Panjwani
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai 400 094 India
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23
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Blair HC, Larrouture QC, Tourkova IL, Liu L, Bian JH, Stolz DB, Nelson DJ, Schlesinger PH. Support of bone mineral deposition by regulation of pH. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C587-C597. [PMID: 30044661 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00056.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts secrete collagen and isolate bone matrix from extracellular space. In the matrix, alkaline phosphatase generates phosphate that combines with calcium to form mineral, liberating 8 H+ per 10 Ca+2 deposited. However, pH-dependent hydroxyapatite deposition on bone collagen had not been shown. We studied the dependency of hydroxyapatite deposition on type I collagen on pH and phosphate by surface plasmon resonance in 0-5 mM phosphate at pH 6.8-7.4. Mineral deposition saturated at <1 mM Ca2+ but was sensitive to phosphate. Mineral deposition was reversible, consistent with amorphous precipitation; stable deposition requiring EDTA removal appeared with time. At pH 6.8, little hydroxyapatite deposited on collagen; mineral accumulation increased 10-fold at pH 7.4. Previously, we showed high expression Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and ClC transporters in osteoblasts. We hypothesized that, in combination, these move protons across osteoblasts to the general extracellular space. We made osteoblast membrane vesicles by nitrogen cavitation and used acridine orange quenching to characterize proton transport. We found H+ transport dependent on gradients of chloride or sodium, consistent with apical osteoblast ClC family Cl-,H+ antiporters and basolateral osteoblast NHE family Na+/H+ exchangers. Little, if any, active H+ transport, supported by ATP, occurred. Major transporters include cariporide-sensitive NHE1 in basolateral membranes and ClC3 and ClC5 in apical osteoblast membranes. The mineralization inhibitor levamisole reduced bone formation and expression of alkaline phosphatase, NHE1, and ClC5. We conclude that mineral deposition in bone collagen is pH-dependent, in keeping with H+ removal by Cl-,H+ antiporters and Na+/H+-exchangers. Periodic orientation hydroxyapatite is organized on type I collagen-coiled coils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Irina L Tourkova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Hao Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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24
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Lin YC, Lin JF, Tsai TF, Chen HE, Chou KY, Yang SC, Tang YM, Hwang TIS. Acridine orange exhibits photodamage in human bladder cancer cells under blue light exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14103. [PMID: 29074848 PMCID: PMC5658329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bladder cancer (BC) cells exhibit a high basal level of autophagic activity with accumulation of acridine-orange(AO)-stained acidic vesicular organelles. The rapid AO relocalization was observed in treated BC cells under blue-light emission. To investigate the cytotoxic effects of AO on human BC cell lines under blue-light exposure, human immortalized uroepithelial (SV-Huc-1) and BC cell lines (5637 and T24) were treated with indicated concentrations of AO or blue-light exposure alone and in combination. The cell viability was then determined using WST-1, time-lapse imaging with a Cytosmart System and continuous quantification with a multi-mode image-based reader. Treatment of AO or blue-light exposure alone did not cause a significant loss of viability in BC cells. However, AO exhibited a dose-dependent increment of cytotoxicity toward BC cells under blue-light exposure. Furthermore, the tumor formation of BC cells with treatment was significantly reduced when evaluated in a mouse xenograft model. The photodamage caused by AO was nearly neglected in SV-Huc-1 cells, suggesting a differential effect of this treatment between cancer and normal cells. In summary, AO, as a photosensitizer, disrupts acidic organelles and induces cancer cell death in BC cells under blue-light irradiation. Our findings may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy against human BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Lin
- Department of Urology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Fan Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Tsai
- Department of Urology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-En Chen
- Department of Urology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Chou
- Department of Urology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Che Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ming Tang
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas I-Sheng Hwang
- Department of Urology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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25
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Sayed M, Jha S, Pal H. Complexation induced aggregation and deaggregation of acridine orange with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24166-24178. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study illustrates intriguing switching of multi-mode binding interactions of acridine orange dye with a sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Shruti Jha
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
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26
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Turjeman K, Barenholz Y. Liposomal nano-drugs based on amphipathic weak acid steroid prodrugs for treatment of inflammatory diseases. J Drug Target 2016; 24:805-820. [PMID: 27750439 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1236262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroids are the most efficacious anti-inflammatory agents. However, their toxicities and side-effects compromise their clinical application. Various strategies and major efforts were dedicated for formulating viable liposomal glucocorticosteroids (GCs), so far none of these were approved. OBJECTIVES To evaluate these approaches for formulating GC-delivery systems, especially liposomes, and with focus on the Barenholz Lab experience. METHODS We developed PEGylated nano-liposomes (NSSL) remotely loaded with water-soluble amphipathic weak acid GC-prodrugs. Their remote loading results in high, efficient and stable loading to the level that enables human clinical use. We characterized them for their physical chemistry and stability. We demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy in relevant animal models and studied their pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution (BD) and pharmacodynamics advantages over the free pro-drugs. RESULTS Our steroidal nano-drugs demonstrate much superior PK, BD, tolerability and therapeutic efficacies compared to the free pro-drugs and to most drugs currently used to treat these diseases. These nano-drugs act as robust immune-suppressors, affecting cytokines secretion and diminishing hemorrhage and edema. CONCLUSIONS The combination of improved physical-chemistry, PK, BD, tolerability and therapeutic efficacy of these steroidal nano-drugs over the pro-drugs "as-is" support their further clinical development as potential therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Turjeman
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research , Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research , Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
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27
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Measuring H(+) Pumping and Membrane Potential Formation in Sealed Membrane Vesicle Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1377:171-80. [PMID: 26695032 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3179-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The activity of enzymes involved in active transport of matter across lipid bilayers can conveniently be assayed by measuring their consumption of energy, such as ATP hydrolysis, while it is more challenging to directly measure their transport activities as the transported substrate is not converted into a product and only moves a few nanometers in space. Here, we describe two methods for the measurement of active proton pumping across lipid bilayers and the concomitant formation of a membrane potential, applying the dyes 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (ACMA) and oxonol VI. The methods are exemplified by assaying transport of the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (proton pump), which after heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequent purification has been reconstituted in proteoliposomes.
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28
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Sayed M, Krishnamurthy B, Pal H. Unraveling multiple binding modes of acridine orange to DNA using a multispectroscopic approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24642-53. [PMID: 27545984 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of acridine orange (AOH(+)) with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) under different dye-DNA conditions has been investigated in detail using multispectroscopic techniques, unraveling a number of hitherto unexplored intricacies of dye-DNA binding. The observed results intriguingly show contrasting binding features when low (2.4 μM) and significantly high (23 μM) dye concentrations are used. It is conclusively inferred from absorption, steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism, fluorescence decay and anisotropy decay studies that at low [DNA] to [dye] ratio, especially with higher dye concentration, dimeric AOH(+) predominantly binds externally to DNA surfaces through electrostatic interactions. At sufficiently high [DNA] to [dye] ratios, however, the interaction intriguingly changes to monomeric AOH(+) bound to DNA, predominantly in the intercalative mode between DNA base pairs, with partly an electrostatic binding on DNA surfaces. With very low initial dye concentration, monomeric (AOH(+)) mostly binds to DNA through intercalative and electrostatic modes for most DNA to dye ratios. The present study demonstrates a systematic correlation of the striking changes in the photophysical properties of the dye upon multimode binding with DNA. The observed results are of great significance in understanding the fundamental insights of dye/drug binding to DNA hosts, of use in the design of effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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29
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Chatterjee S, Kumar GS. Binding of fluorescent acridine dyes acridine orange and 9-aminoacridine to hemoglobin: Elucidation of their molecular recognition by spectroscopy, calorimetry and molecular modeling techniques. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 159:169-78. [PMID: 27077554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular interaction between hemoglobin (HHb), the major human heme protein, and the acridine dyes acridine orange (AO) and 9-aminoacridine (9AA) was studied by various spectroscopic, calorimetric and molecular modeling techniques. The dyes formed stable ground state complex with HHb as revealed from spectroscopic data. Temperature dependent fluorescence data showed the strength of the dye-protein complexation to be inversely proportional to temperature and the fluorescence quenching was static in nature. The binding-induced conformational change in the protein was investigated using circular dichroism, synchronous fluorescence, 3D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy results. Circular dichroism data also quantified the α-helicity change in hemoglobin due to the binding of acridine dyes. Calorimetric studies revealed the binding to be endothermic in nature for both AO and 9AA, though the latter had higher affinity, and this was also observed from spectroscopic data. The binding of both dyes was entropy driven. pH dependent fluorescence studies revealed the existence of electrostatic interaction between the protein and dye molecules. Molecular modeling studies specified the binding site and the non-covalent interactions involved in the association. Overall, the results revealed that a small change in the acridine chromophore leads to remarkable alteration in the structural and thermodynamic aspects of binding to HHb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Chatterjee
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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30
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Rivero Berti I, Dell' Arciprete ML, Dittler ML, Miñan A, Fernández Lorenzo de Mele M, Gonzalez M. Delivery of fluorophores by calcium phosphate-coated nanoliposomes and interaction with Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:214-222. [PMID: 26954088 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The delivery capacity and mechanical stability of calcium phosphate (CaP) coated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DOPA) liposomes free and adsorbed on bacterial surface was investigated introducing either acridine orange (AO) or 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin (TMP) in the aqueous core of the liposomes. The obtained nanomaterials were thoroughly characterized by electron and optical microscopy and by fluorescence techniques. Distribution of the AO and TMP molecules between the aqueous liposomes core and the outer solution was demonstrated by the band shifts and broadening of the excitation-emission matrices and the modified Stern-Volmer model for fluorescence quenching. In aqueous suspensions, c.a. 40% of AO was released to the outer solution while only a small percentage of TMP was observed to reach the outer liposome surface. The nanoliposomes adhesion capacity and the leaking of fluorophore molecules to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms were further evaluated. A close interaction between liposomes and S. aureus biofilm was evidenced by TEM and SEM imaging. Epifluorescence experiments demonstrated that CaP-coated liposomes have good biofilm staining capability after two hours incubation of the biofilms with the liposomes, thus supporting an important release of the fluorophores when in contact with the biofilm. Altogether, the obtained results strongly suggest that CaP-coated liposomes are capable of activating drug release when in presence of S. aureus biofilms and smears. The studies herein presented, indicate that CaP-coated liposomes are potential vehicles for the selective delivery of drugs to S. aureus biofilms, as is the case of the singlet oxygen photosensitizer TMP, a well known photodynamic antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - María Laura Dell' Arciprete
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina.
| | - María Laura Dittler
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Alejandro Miñan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Mónica Fernández Lorenzo de Mele
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Mónica Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata Argentina
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31
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Hwang JY, Li Z, Loh XJ. Small molecule therapeutic-loaded liposomes as therapeutic carriers: from development to clinical applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, various methods and mechanisms for encapsulation of small therapeutic molecules in liposomes for targeted delivery and triggered release, as well as their potential in the clinical uses, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Singapore 117602
- Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Singapore 117602
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
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32
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“Turn off–on” phosphorescent biosensors for detection of DNA based on quantum dots/acridine orange. Anal Biochem 2015; 475:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Csuhai E, Kangarlou S, Xiang TX, Ponta A, Bummer P, Choi D, Anderson BD. Determination of Key Parameters for a Mechanism-Based Model to Predict Doxorubicin Release from Actively Loaded Liposomes. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1087-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Liposomes as carriers of hydrophilic small molecule drugs: Strategies to enhance encapsulation and delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:345-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Hood RR, Vreeland WN, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic remote loading for rapid single-step liposomal drug preparation. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3359-67. [PMID: 25003823 PMCID: PMC4131864 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-directed formation of liposomes is combined with in-line sample purification and remote drug loading for single step, continuous-flow synthesis of nanoscale vesicles containing high concentrations of stably loaded drug compounds. Using an on-chip microdialysis element, the system enables rapid formation of large transmembrane pH and ion gradients, followed by immediate introduction of amphipathic drug for real-time remote loading into the liposomes. The microfluidic process enables in-line formation of drug-laden liposomes with drug : lipid molar ratios of up to 1.3, and a total on-chip residence time of approximately 3 min, representing a significant improvement over conventional bulk-scale methods which require hours to days for combined liposome synthesis and remote drug loading. The microfluidic platform may be further optimized to support real-time generation of purified liposomal drug formulations with high concentrations of drugs and minimal reagent waste for effective liposomal drug preparation at or near the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Hood
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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36
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See E, Zhang W, Liu J, Svirskis D, Baguley BC, Shaw JP, Wang G, Wu Z. Physicochemical characterization of asulacrine towards the development of an anticancer liposomal formulation via active drug loading: stability, solubility, lipophilicity and ionization. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:528-35. [PMID: 25079434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the development of a liposomal formulation for cancer therapy, the physicochemical properties of asulacrine (ASL), an anticancer drug candidate, were characterized. Nano-liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration in conjugation with active drug loading using ammonium sulphate and post-insertion with Poloxamer 188. A stability-indicating HPLC assay with diode array detection was developed for the determination of ASL concentrations. The U-shaped pH-solubility profile in aqueous solutions, with a lowest solubility at pH 7.4 (0.843 μg/mL), indicated that ASL is an ampholyte, and dilution or neutralization of acidic drug solutions used in clinical trials with physiological fluids may cause drug precipitation. The basic pKa value measured by absorbance spectroscopy was 6.72. The logD value at pH 3.8 was 1.15 which increased to 3.24 as pH increased to 7.4. ASL was found to be the most stable in acidic conditions and degraded most rapidly in alkaline conditions. An extra-liposomal pH of 5.6 during drug loading was found to be optimal to achieve the highest drug loading (DL) of 4.76% and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 99.9%. At this pH, >90% of ASL was ionized conferring high drug solubility (1mg/mL) and acted as a reservoir of unionized ASL to be transported into liposomal cores. As a suspension the optimized liposomes showed great physicochemical stability for five months at 4°C. In summary, the obtained physicochemical parameters provided insightful information useful to maximise DL into the liposomes, and explain a tendency of drug precipitation of pH-solubilized formulations following intravenous infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther See
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John P Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Guangji Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand.
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37
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Fugit KD, Anderson BD. Dynamic, nonsink method for the simultaneous determination of drug permeability and binding coefficients in liposomes. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1314-25. [PMID: 24628304 PMCID: PMC3993891 DOI: 10.1021/mp400765n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug release from liposomal formulations is governed by a complex interplay of kinetic (i.e., drug permeability) and thermodynamic factors (i.e., drug partitioning to the bilayer surface). Release studies under sink conditions that attempt to mimic physiological conditions are insufficient to decipher these separate contributions. The present study explores release studies performed under nonsink conditions coupled with appropriate mathematical models to describe both the release kinetics and the conditions in which equilibrium is established. Liposomal release profiles for a model anticancer agent, topotecan, under nonsink conditions provided values for both the first-order rate constant for drug release and the bilayer/water partition coefficient. These findings were validated by conducting release studies under sink conditions via dynamic dialysis at the same temperature and buffer pH. A nearly identical rate constant for drug release could be obtained from dynamic dialysis data when appropriate volume corrections were applied and a mechanism-based mathematical model was employed to account for lipid bilayer binding and dialysis membrane transport. The usefulness of the nonsink method combined with mathematical modeling was further explored by demonstrating the effects of topotecan dimerization and bilayer surface charge potential on the bilayer/water partition coefficient at varying suspension concentrations of lipid and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Fugit
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University
of Kentucky, A323A ASTeCC
Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Bradley D. Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University
of Kentucky, A323A ASTeCC
Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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38
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Fugit KD, Anderson BD. The role of pH and ring-opening hydrolysis kinetics on liposomal release of topotecan. J Control Release 2014; 174:88-97. [PMID: 24231406 PMCID: PMC4104781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of liposomal delivery systems for the treatment of cancer has been extensively researched because of their passive targeting to the vasculature of solid tumors. While their potential to provide prolonged retention and high drug encapsulation is desirable for anticancer agents, a mechanistic understanding is required to optimize and design liposomal drug delivery systems capable of controllable release tailored to tumor type and patient. Topotecan (TPT) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that undergoes reversible, pH-sensitive ring-opening hydrolysis. TPT may benefit from liposomal formulation using active loading strategies to generate low intravesicular pH to prolong drug retention and increase drug encapsulation. This paper develops a mathematical model to describe TPT's permeability as a function of pH by accounting for the drug's ionization state, membrane binding, and ring-opening interconversion kinetics. Studies were conducted to determine the acid dissociation constant of TPT's phenolic -OH and interconversion kinetics between TPT's lactone and carboxylate forms. Using the constants determined from these studies and release studies conducted at varying pH, permeability coefficients and membrane binding constants for each species of TPT were determined. Based on this model, three permeable species were observed. Interestingly, the two most permeable species were zwitterionic forms of TPT, and the permeability of the lactone zwitterion was comparable to that of the neutral form of another camptothecin analogue. Furthermore, release was affected by based-catalyzed interconversion kinetics between TPT's lactone and carboxylate forms. At neutral pH, release was rate-limited by formation of the TPT lactone from the ring-opened carboxylate form. Based on these findings, the developed model describing liposomal release of TPT may be used in the future to evaluate and optimize loading and subsequent release of liposomal TPT formulations utilizing active loading strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fugit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Bradley D Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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39
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Cohen R, Steiner A, Kanaan H, Barenholz Y. Chemical and physical characterization of remotely loaded bupivacaine liposomes: comparison between large multivesicular vesicles and small unilamellar vesicles. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4619-4627. [PMID: 32261205 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large multivesicular liposomes (LMVV) remotely loaded with bupivacaine (Bupisome) were previously demonstrated to be a stable, long-acting local anesthetic. We demonstrate that this is not the case for small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of the same lipid composition also remotely loaded with bupivacaine. We show that the trapped volume in LMVV is 21-fold higher and the drug-to-lipid mole ratio is 10-fold higher than in SUV. Cryo-transmission electron micrographs and differential interference contrast microscopy show that there are no bupivacaine crystals inside LMVV and SUV. The thermotropic characterization studied by DSC demonstrates that the drug interacts with the liposome membrane, which, together with the above results on the drug-to-lipid ratio, explains the small in vitro drug release from the SUV and large (but <100%) release from the LMVV after 24 h at 37 °C. The absence of analgesia in mice treated locally with SUV loaded with bupivacaine compared with prolonged analgesia from LMVV correlates well with the in vitro results. The study indicates that in LMVV and SUV, part of the bupivacaine is associated with the liposomal membrane, which is poorly available for analgesia. The membrane fraction is very high in SUV and much smaller in LMVV. The much larger trapped volume of the LMVV explains the higher drug availability and better analgesia of LMVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Cohen
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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40
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Modi S, Xiang TX, Anderson BD. Enhanced active liposomal loading of a poorly soluble ionizable drug using supersaturated drug solutions. J Control Release 2012; 162:330-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Barenholz Y. Doxil®--the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release 2012; 160:117-34. [PMID: 22484195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2758] [Impact Index Per Article: 229.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Doxil®, the first FDA-approved nano-drug (1995), is based on three unrelated principles: (i) prolonged drug circulation time and avoidance of the RES due to the use of PEGylated nano-liposomes; (ii) high and stable remote loading of doxorubicin driven by a transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient, which also allows for drug release at the tumor; and (iii) having the liposome lipid bilayer in a "liquid ordered" phase composed of the high-T(m) (53 °C) phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. Due to the EPR effect, Doxil is "passively targeted" to tumors and its doxorubicin is released and becomes available to tumor cells by as yet unknown means. This review summarizes historical and scientific perspectives of Doxil development and lessons learned from its development and 20 years of its use. It demonstrates the obligatory need for applying an understanding of the cross talk between physicochemical, nano-technological, and biological principles. However, in spite of the large reward, ~2 years after Doxil-related patents expired, there is still no FDA-approved generic "Doxil" available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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42
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Budzinski KL, Zeigler M, Fujimoto BS, Bajjalieh SM, Chiu DT. Measurements of the acidification kinetics of single SynaptopHluorin vesicles. Biophys J 2012; 101:1580-9. [PMID: 21961583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles is driven by the proton gradient established across the vesicle membrane. The acidification of synaptic vesicles, therefore, is a crucial component of vesicle function. Here we present measurements of acidification rate constants from isolated, single synaptic vesicles. Vesicles were purified from mice expressing a fusion protein termed SynaptopHluorin created by the fusion of VAMP/synaptobrevin to the pH-sensitive super-ecliptic green fluorescent protein. We calibrated SynaptopHluorin fluorescence to determine the relationship between fluorescence intensity and internal vesicle pH, and used these values to measure the rate constant of vesicle acidification. We also measured the effects of ATP, glutamate, and chloride on acidification. We report acidification time constants of 500 ms to 1 s. The rate of acidification increased with increasing extravesicular concentrations of ATP and glutamate. These data provide an upper and a lower bound for vesicle acidification and indicate that vesicle readiness can be regulated by changes in energy and transmitter availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Budzinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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43
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Rodríguez A, Benito B, Cagnac O. Using heterologous expression systems to characterize potassium and sodium transport activities. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 913:371-386. [PMID: 22895773 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-986-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of plant transporters in simple well-characterized cell systems is an irreplaceable technique for gaining insights into the kinetic and energetic features of plant transporters. Among all the available expression systems, yeast cells offer the highest simplicity and have the capacity to mimic the in vivo properties of plant transporters. Here, we describe the use of yeast mutants to express K(+) and Na(+) plant transporters and discuss some experimental problems that can produce misleading results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Rodríguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Kisler K, N. Kim B, Liu X, Berberian K, Fang Q, J. Mathai C, Gangopadhyay S, D. Gillis K, Lindau M. Transparent Electrode Materials for Simultaneous Amperometric Detection of Exocytosis and Fluorescence Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:243-253. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.322030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Lee JS, Groothuis T, Cusan C, Mink D, Feijen J. Lysosomally cleavable peptide-containing polymersomes modified with anti-EGFR antibody for systemic cancer chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Ghosh AK, Samanta A, Bandyopadhyay P. Cu2+-Induced Micellar Charge Selective Fluorescence Response of Acridine Orange: Effect of Micellar Charge, pH, and Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11823-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206644b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Ghosh
- Unilever R & D Bangalore, 64 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore-560066, India
| | - Avik Samanta
- Unilever R & D Bangalore, 64 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore-560066, India
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47
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Ghosh AK, Samanta A, Bandyopadhyay P. Anionic micelle-induced fluorescent sensor activity enhancement of acridine orange: Mechanism and pH effect. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Abstract
One challenge in developing a nanoparticle drug-delivery system is understanding the critical physicochemical properties that may impact its in vivo performance and establishing analytical techniques that can adequately characterize in vitro and in vivo properties. Doxil®/Caelyx®, a PEGylated liposomal doxorubincin (PLD), is one of the leading approved nanoparticle product used in cancer therapy. In this review, we use PLD as an example to illustrate identification of key in vitro and in vivo characteristics. The following characteristics, including liposome composition, state of encapsulated drug, internal environment of liposome, liposome size distribution, lamellarity, grafted polyethylene glycol at the liposome surface, electrical surface potential or charge, and in vitro leakage, are considered critical to demonstrate the supramolecular structure of PLD and ensure consistent drug delivery to cancer tissues. Corresponding analytical techniques are discussed to determine these liposome characteristics. Furthermore, in vivo stability of the PLD can be determined by plasma pharmacokinetics of both free and liposome-encapsulated drug. A better understanding of the critical in vitro and in vivo liposome characteristics together with improvements in analytical technology will enable generic liposome product development and ensure liposome product quality.
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49
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Huang YT, Liu TH, Chen YW, Lee CH, Chen HH, Huang TW, Hsu SH, Lin SM, Pan YJ, Lee CH, Hsu IC, Tseng FG, Fu CC, Pan RL. Distance variations between active sites of H(+)-pyrophosphatase determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23655-64. [PMID: 20511234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homodimeric H(+)-pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) is a unique enzyme playing a pivotal physiological role in pH homeostasis of organisms. This novel H(+)-PPase supplies energy at the expense of hydrolyzing metabolic byproduct, pyrophosphate (PP(i)), for H(+) translocation across membrane. The functional unit for the translocation is considered to be a homodimer. Its putative active site on each subunit consists of PP(i) binding motif, Acidic I and II motifs, and several essential residues. In this investigation structural mapping of these vital regions was primarily determined utilizing single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Distances between two C termini and also two N termini on homodimeric subunits of H(+)-PPase are 49.3 + or - 4.0 and 67.2 + or - 5.7 A, respectively. Furthermore, putative PP(i) binding motifs on individual subunits are found to be relatively far away from each other (70.8 + or - 4.8 A), whereas binding of potassium and substrate analogue led them to closer proximity. Moreover, substrate analogue but not potassium elicits significant distance variations between two Acidic I motifs and two His-622 residues on homodimeric subunits. Taken together, this study provides the first quantitative measurements of distances between various essential motifs, residues, and putative active sites on homodimeric subunits of H(+)-PPase. A working model is accordingly proposed elucidating the distance variations of dimeric H(+)-PPase upon substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tzu Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu 30013, Taiwan
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Pennisi CP, Greenbaum E, Yoshida K. Analysis of light-induced transmembrane ion gradients and membrane potential in Photosystem I proteoliposomes. Biophys Chem 2009; 146:13-24. [PMID: 19854559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) complexes can support a light-driven electrochemical gradient for protons, which is the driving force for energy-conserving reactions across biological membranes. In this work, a computational model that enables a quantitative description of the light-induced proton gradients across the membrane of PSI proteoliposomes is presented. Using a set of electrodiffusion equations, a compartmental model of a vesicle suspended in aqueous medium was studied. The light-mediated proton movement was modeled as a single proton pumping step with backpressure of the electric potential. The model fits determinations of pH obtained from PSI proteoliposomes illuminated in the presence of mediators of cyclic electron transport. The model also allows analysis of the proton gradients in relation to the transmembrane ion fluxes and electric potential. Sensitivity analysis enabled a determination of the parameters that have greater influence on steady-state levels and onset/decay rates of transmembrane pH and electric potential. This model could be used as a tool for optimizing PSI proteoliposomes for photo-electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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