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Thompson MEH, Raizada MN. The Microbiome of Fertilization-Stage Maize Silks (Style) Encodes Genes and Expresses Traits That Potentially Promote Survival in Pollen/Style Niches and Host Reproduction. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1473. [PMID: 39065240 PMCID: PMC11278993 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Within flowers, the style channel receives pollen and transmits male gametes inside elongating pollen tubes to ovules. The styles of maize/corn are called silks. Fertilization-stage silks possess complex microbiomes, which may partially derive from pollen. These microbiomes lack functional analysis. We hypothesize that fertilization-stage silk microbiomes promote host fertilization to ensure their own vertical transmission. We further hypothesize that these microbes encode traits to survive stresses within the silk (water/nitrogen limitation) and pollen (dehydration/aluminum) habitats. Here, bacteria cultured from fertilization-stage silks of 14 North American maize genotypes underwent genome mining and functional testing, which revealed osmoprotection, nitrogen-fixation, and aluminum-tolerance traits. Bacteria contained auxin biosynthesis genes, and testing confirmed indole compound secretion, which is relevant, since pollen delivers auxin to silks to stimulate egg cell maturation. Some isolates encoded biosynthetic/transport compounds known to regulate pollen tube guidance/growth. The isolates encoded ACC deaminase, which degrades the precursor for ethylene that otherwise accelerates silk senescence. The findings suggest that members of the microbiome of fertilization-stage silks encode adaptations to survive the stress conditions of silk/pollen and have the potential to express signaling compounds known to impact reproduction. Overall, whereas these microbial traits have traditionally been assumed to primarily promote vegetative plant growth, this study proposes they may also play selfish roles during host reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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2
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de Crécy-Lagard V, Hutinet G, Cediel-Becerra JDD, Yuan Y, Zallot R, Chevrette MG, Ratnayake RMMN, Jaroch M, Quaiyum S, Bruner S. Biosynthesis and function of 7-deazaguanine derivatives in bacteria and phages. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0019923. [PMID: 38421302 PMCID: PMC10966956 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00199-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYDeazaguanine modifications play multifaceted roles in the molecular biology of DNA and tRNA, shaping diverse yet essential biological processes, including the nuanced fine-tuning of translation efficiency and the intricate modulation of codon-anticodon interactions. Beyond their roles in translation, deazaguanine modifications contribute to cellular stress resistance, self-nonself discrimination mechanisms, and host evasion defenses, directly modulating the adaptability of living organisms. Deazaguanine moieties extend beyond nucleic acid modifications, manifesting in the structural diversity of biologically active natural products. Their roles in fundamental cellular processes and their presence in biologically active natural products underscore their versatility and pivotal contributions to the intricate web of molecular interactions within living organisms. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the biosynthesis and multifaceted functions of deazaguanines, shedding light on their diverse and dynamic roles in the molecular landscape of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Geoffrey Hutinet
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rémi Zallot
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G. Chevrette
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Marshall Jaroch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Samia Quaiyum
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven Bruner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Abdeljelil N, Ben Miloud Yahia N, Landoulsi A, Chatti A, Wattiez R, Gillan D, Van Houdt R. Proteomic and morphological insights into the exposure of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 planktonic cells and biofilms to aluminium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133403. [PMID: 38215523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most popular materials for industrial and domestic use. Nevertheless, research has proven that this metal can be toxic to most organisms. This light metal has no known biological function and to date very few aluminium-specific biological pathways have been identified. In addition, information about the impact of this metal on microbial life is scarce. Here, we aimed to study the effect of aluminium on the metal-resistant soil bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 in different growth modes, i.e. planktonic cells, adhered cells and mature biofilms. Our results indicated that despite a significant tolerance to aluminium (minimal inhibitory concentration of 6.25 mM Al₂(SO₄)₃.18H₂O), the exposure of C. metallidurans to a sub-inhibitory dose (0.78 mM) caused early oxidative stress and an increase in hydrolytic activity. Changes in the outer membrane surface of planktonic cells were observed, in addition to a rapid disruption of mature biofilms. On protein level, aluminium exposure increased the expression of proteins involved in metabolic activity such as pyruvate kinase, formate dehydrogenase and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) polymerase, whereas proteins involved in chemotaxis, and the production and transport of iron scavenging siderophores were significantly downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissem Abdeljelil
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, Mons University, Mons, Belgium; Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | | | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, Mons University, Mons, Belgium
| | - David Gillan
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, Mons University, Mons, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
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4
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Pollo-Oliveira L, Davis NK, Hossain I, Ho P, Yuan Y, Salguero García P, Pereira C, Byrne SR, Leng J, Sze M, Blaby-Haas CE, Sekowska A, Montoya A, Begley T, Danchin A, Aalberts DP, Angerhofer A, Hunt J, Conesa A, Dedon PC, de Crécy-Lagard V. The absence of the queuosine tRNA modification leads to pleiotropic phenotypes revealing perturbations of metal and oxidative stress homeostasis in Escherichia coli K12. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac065. [PMID: 36066904 PMCID: PMC9508795 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Queuosine (Q) is a conserved hypermodification of the wobble base of tRNA containing GUN anticodons but the physiological consequences of Q deficiency are poorly understood in bacteria. This work combines transcriptomic, proteomic and physiological studies to characterize a Q-deficient Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 mutant. The absence of Q led to an increased resistance to nickel and cobalt, and to an increased sensitivity to cadmium, compared to the wild-type (WT) strain. Transcriptomic analysis of the WT and Q-deficient strains, grown in the presence and absence of nickel, revealed that the nickel transporter genes (nikABCDE) are downregulated in the Q- mutant, even when nickel is not added. This mutant is therefore primed to resist to high nickel levels. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomic data suggested that the absence of Q triggers an atypical oxidative stress response, confirmed by the detection of slightly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the mutant, increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and paraquat, and a subtle growth phenotype in a strain prone to accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pollo-Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nick K Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Intekhab Hossain
- Department of Physics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Peiying Ho
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pedro Salguero García
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Cécile Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shane R Byrne
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiapeng Leng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melody Sze
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Crysten E Blaby-Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Alvaro Montoya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas Begley
- The RNA Institute and Department of Biology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Antoine Danchin
- Kodikos Labs, 23 rue Baldassini, Lyon 69007, France
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Kashing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, SAR Hong Kong
| | - Daniel P Aalberts
- Department of Physics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | | | - John Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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5
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Cornall A, Rose A, Streten C, McGuinness K, Parry D, Gibb K. Molecular screening of microbial communities for candidate indicators of multiple metal impacts in marine sediments from northern Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:468-484. [PMID: 26274631 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coastal sediments accumulate metals from anthropogenic sources and as a consequence industry is required to monitor sediment health. The total concentration of a metal does not necessarily reflect its potential toxicity or biological impact, so biological assessment tools are useful for monitoring. Rapid biological assessment tools sensitive enough to detect relatively small increases in metal concentrations would provide early warning of future ecosystem impact. The authors investigated in situ populations of Archaea and Bacteria as potential tools for rapid biological assessment in sediment at 4 northern Australian coastal locations over 2 yr, in both wet and dry seasons. The 1 M HCl-extractable concentrations of metals in sediment were measured, and Archaeal and Bacterial community profiles were obtained by next-generation sequencing of sediment deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Species response curves were used to identify several taxonomic groups with potential as biological indicators of metal impact. Spatial variation, sediment grain size, water depth, and dissolved oxygen also correlated with microbial population shifts. Seasonal variation was less important than geographic location. Metal-challenge culture trials supported the identification of metal-resistant and -sensitive taxa. In situ Archaea and Bacteria are potentially sensitive indicators for changes in bioavailable concentrations of metals; however, the complexity of the system suggests it is important to identify metal-specific functional genes that may be informed by these sequencing surveys, and thus provide a useful addition to identity-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Cornall
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alea Rose
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Claire Streten
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Keith McGuinness
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David Parry
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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6
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Lim JC, Goh KM, Shamsir MS, Ibrahim Z, Chong CS. Characterization of aluminum resistantAnoxybacillussp. SK 3-4 isolated from a hot spring. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 55:514-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chun Lim
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Chun Shiong Chong
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
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7
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Beris FS, De Smet L, Karaoglu H, Canakci S, Van Beeumen J, Belduz AO. The ATPase activity of the G2alt gene encoding an aluminium tolerance protein from Anoxybacillus gonensis G2. J Microbiol 2011; 49:641-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Moberly JG, Staven A, Sani RK, Peyton BM. Influence of pH and inorganic phosphate on toxicity of zinc to Arthrobacter sp. isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7302-7308. [PMID: 20553043 DOI: 10.1021/es100117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Because of its high solubility over a wide range of pH conditions, zinc is found in many natural and human-impacted systems. Zinc speciation is critical in assessing zinc toxicity to microorganisms because it varies considerably with pH and is dependent on other aqueous constituents. Combined results of thermodynamic modeling, statistical analysis, and batch culture studies using Arthrobacter sp. JM018 suggest that the toxic species may not be solely limited to the free ion, but also includes ZnHPO(4)(0)(aq). Cellular uptake of ZnHPO(4)(0)(aq) through the inorganic phosphate transporter (Pit family), which requires a neutral metal phosphate complex for phosphate transport, may explain the observed toxicity. Based on visual MINTEQ (v3.0) modeling, at 50 μM total zinc, ZnHPO(4)(0)(aq) constitutes 33, 70, and 76% of the neutral metal phosphate pool at pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively. At 50 μM total zinc, cultures supplied with organic phosphate (glycerol-3-phosphate) show no significant response to pH (p = 0.13) while inhibition of inorganic phosphate-supplemented cultures, whose neutral metal phosphates are increasingly dominated by ZnHPO(4)(0)(aq), show significant pH dependence (p = 9.45 × 10(-7)). Using sodium to decrease the distribution of ZnHPO(4)(0)(aq) in the neutral metal phosphate pool also decreased the pH dependent toxicity, further supporting this mechanism. These findings show the important role of minor zinc species in organism toxicity and have wider implications because the Pit inorganic phosphate transport system is widely distributed in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Moberly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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9
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Summer EJ, Gill JJ, Upton C, Gonzalez CF, Young R. Role of phages in the pathogenesis of Burkholderia, or 'Where are the toxin genes in Burkholderia phages?'. Curr Opin Microbiol 2007; 10:410-7. [PMID: 17719265 PMCID: PMC2064068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most bacteria of the genus Burkholderia are soil- and rhizosphere-associated, and rhizosphere associated, noted for their metabolic plasticity in the utilization of a wide range of organic compounds as carbon sources. Many Burkholderia species are also opportunistic human and plant pathogens, and the distinction between environmental, plant, and human pathogens is not always clear. Burkholderia phages are not uncommon and multiple cryptic prophages are identifiable in the sequenced Burkholderia genomes. Phages have played a crucial role in the transmission of virulence factors among many important pathogens; however, the data do not yet support a significant correlation between phages and pathogenicity in the Burkholderia. This may be due to the role of Burkholderia as a 'versaphile' such that selection is occurring in several niches, including as a pathogen and in the context of environmental survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Summer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128: ,
| | - Jason J. Gill
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128: ,
| | - Chris Upton
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 150 Petch Building, PO Box 3055, V8W 3P6, Victoria, BC, Canada:
| | - Carlos F. Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132:
| | - Ry Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128: ,
- Corresponding author:
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10
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Salzano AM, Febbraio F, Farias T, Cetrangolo GP, Nucci R, Scaloni A, Manco G. Redox stress proteins are involved in adaptation response of the hyperthermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus to nickel challenge. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6:25. [PMID: 17692131 PMCID: PMC1995220 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to nickel (Ni) and its chemical derivatives has been associated with severe health effects in human. On the contrary, poor knowledge has been acquired on target physiological processes or molecular mechanisms of this metal in model organisms, including Bacteria and Archaea. In this study, we describe an analysis focused at identifying proteins involved in the recovery of the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus strain MT4 from Ni-induced stress. Results To this purpose, Sulfolobus solfataricus was grown in the presence of the highest nickel sulphate concentration still allowing cells to survive; crude extracts from treated and untreated cells were compared at the proteome level by using a bi-dimensional chromatography approach. We identified several proteins specifically repressed or induced as result of Ni treatment. Observed up-regulated proteins were largely endowed with the ability to trigger recovery from oxidative and osmotic stress in other biological systems. It is noteworthy that most of the proteins induced following Ni treatment perform similar functions and a few have eukaryal homologue counterparts. Conclusion These findings suggest a series of preferential gene expression pathways activated in adaptation response to metal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Salzano
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Farias
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni P Cetrangolo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Nucci
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Sugimoto M, Saiki Y, Zhang D, Kawai F. Cloning and characterization of preferentially expressed genes in an aluminum-tolerant mutant derived from Penicillium chrysogenum IFO4626. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 230:137-42. [PMID: 14734176 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
cDNAs expressed preferentially in an Al-tolerant microorganism were isolated by subtraction hybridization with cDNAs of Al-sensitive Penicillium chrysogenum IFO4626 as driver cDNA and cDNAs of the Al-tolerant mutant derived from the wild cells by UV irradiation as tester cDNA. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA levels of six genes were increased significantly in the Al-tolerant mutant after exposure to Al stress when compared with the wild cells. Two genes accumulated in both the presence and absence of Al stress and four genes were induced by Al stress in the Al-tolerant mutant. cDNA fragments were amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and sequenced to obtain full-length cDNAs of the six genes. Two genes were novel or predicted ones and the others showed significant homology to known genes, ADP/ATP translocase, enolase, cysteine synthase, and glucoamylase, which are induced by environmental stresses in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. These enzyme activities increased in the Al-tolerant mutant when compared to those in the wild cells, showing that not only the levels of gene expression but also the levels of enzyme activities increased in the Al-tolerant mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sugimoto
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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12
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Anoop VM, Basu U, McCammon MT, McAlister-Henn L, Taylor GJ. Modulation of citrate metabolism alters aluminum tolerance in yeast and transgenic canola overexpressing a mitochondrial citrate synthase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 132:2205-17. [PMID: 12913175 PMCID: PMC181304 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.023903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2003] [Revised: 04/21/2003] [Accepted: 05/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint for crop production in acid soils, although crop cultivars vary in their tolerance to Al. We have investigated the potential role of citrate in mediating Al tolerance in Al-sensitive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; MMYO11) and canola (Brassica napus cv Westar). Yeast disruption mutants defective in genes encoding tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, both upstream (citrate synthase [CS]) and downstream (aconitase [ACO] and isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH]) of citrate, showed altered levels of Al tolerance. A triple mutant of CS (Deltacit123) showed lower levels of citrate accumulation and reduced Al tolerance, whereas Deltaaco1- and Deltaidh12-deficient mutants showed higher accumulation of citrate and increased levels of Al tolerance. Overexpression of a mitochondrial CS (CIT1) in MMYO11 resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in citrate levels, and the transformants showed enhanced Al tolerance. A gene for Arabidopsis mitochondrial CS was overexpressed in canola using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated system. Increased levels of CS gene expression and enhanced CS activity were observed in transgenic lines compared with the wild type. Root growth experiments revealed that transgenic lines have enhanced levels of Al tolerance. The transgenic lines showed enhanced levels of cellular shoot citrate and a 2-fold increase in citrate exudation when exposed to 150 micro M Al. Our work with yeast and transgenic canola clearly suggest that modulation of different enzymes involved in citrate synthesis and turnover (malate dehydrogenase, CS, ACO, and IDH) could be considered as potential targets of gene manipulation to understand the role of citrate metabolism in mediating Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valar M Anoop
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
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13
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Benyehuda G, Coombs J, Ward PL, Balkwill D, Barkay T. Metal resistance among aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria from the deep terrestrial subsurface. Can J Microbiol 2003; 49:151-6. [PMID: 12718404 DOI: 10.1139/w03-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The metal resistance of 350 subsurface bacterial strains from two U.S. Department of Energy facilities, the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, and the Hanford site, Washington, was determined to assess the effect of metal toxicity on microorganisms in the deep terrestrial subsurface. Resistance was measured by growth inhibition around discs containing optimized amounts of Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI). A broad range of resistance levels was observed, with some strains of Arthrobacter spp. demonstrating exceptional tolerance. A higher level of resistance to Hg(II) and Pb(II) (P < 0.05) and a higher occurrence of multiple resistances suggested that metals more effectively influenced microbial evolution in subsurface sediments of the SRS than in those of the Hanford site. Common resistance to heavy metals suggests that toxic metals are unlikely to inhibit bioremediation in deep subsurface environments that are contaminated with mixed wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Benyehuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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14
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Drummond RD, Guimarães CT, Felix J, Ninamango-Cárdenas FE, Carneiro NP, Paiva E, Menossi M. Prospecting sugarcane genes involved in aluminum tolerance. Genet Mol Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572001000100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is one of the major factors that affect plant development in acid soils, causing a substantial reduction in yield in many crops. In South America, about 66% of the land surface is made up of acid soils where high aluminum saturation is one of the main limiting factors for agriculture. The biochemical and molecular basis of aluminum tolerance in plants is far from being completely understood despite a growing number of studies, and in the specific case of sugarcane there are virtually no reports on the effects of gene regulation on aluminum stress. The objective of the work presented in this paper was to prospect the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) data bank for sugarcane genes related to several biochemical pathways known to be involved in the responses to aluminum toxicity in other plant species and yeast. Sugarcane genes similar to most of these genes were found, including those coding for enzymes that alleviate oxidative stress or combat infection by pathogens and those which code for proteins responsible for the release of organic acids and signal transducers. The role of these genes in aluminum tolerance mechanisms is reviewed. Due to the high level of genomic conservation in related grasses such as maize, barley, sorghum and sugarcane, these genes may be valuable tools which will help us to better understand and to manipulate aluminum tolerance in these species.
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