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Albarano L, Zupo V, Guida M, Libralato G, Caramiello D, Ruocco N, Costantini M. PAHs and PCBs Affect Functionally Intercorrelated Genes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212498. [PMID: 34830379 PMCID: PMC8619768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent the most common pollutants in the marine sediments. Previous investigations demonstrated short-term sublethal effects of sediments polluted with both contaminants on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus after 2 months of exposure in mesocosms. In particular, morphological malformations observed in P. lividus embryos deriving from adults exposed to PAHs and PCBs were explained at molecular levels by de novo transcriptome assembly and real-time qPCR, leading to the identification of several differentially expressed genes involved in key physiological processes. Here, we extensively explored the genes involved in the response of the sea urchin P. lividus to PAHs and PCBs. Firstly, 25 new genes were identified and interactomic analysis revealed that they were functionally connected among them and to several genes previously defined as molecular targets of response to the two pollutants under analysis. The expression levels of these 25 genes were followed by Real Time qPCR, showing that almost all genes analyzed were affected by PAHs and PCBs. These findings represent an important further step in defining the impacts of slight concentrations of such contaminants on sea urchins and, more in general, on marine biota, increasing our knowledge of molecular targets involved in responses to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (N.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (N.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Davide Caramiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Marine Organisms Core Facility, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (N.R.)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, C. da Torre Spaccata, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Mos B, Kaposi KL, Rose AL, Kelaher B, Dworjanyn SA. Moderate ocean warming mitigates, but more extreme warming exacerbates the impacts of zinc from engineered nanoparticles on a marine larva. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:190-200. [PMID: 28535490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the combined effects of multiple human-induced stressors on biodiversity. In particular, there are substantial knowledge gaps about the combined effects of existing stressors (e.g. pollution) and predicted environmental stress from climate change (e.g. ocean warming). We investigated the impacts of ocean warming and engineered nanoparticles (nano-zinc oxide, nZnO) on larvae of a cosmopolitan tropical sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla. Larval T. gratilla were exposed to all combinations of three temperatures, 25, 27 and 29 °C (current SST and near-future predicted warming of +2 and + 4 °C) and six concentrations of nZnO (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg nZnO·L-1). These stressors had strong interactive effects on fertilization, gastrulation and normal development of 5 day old larvae. High concentrations of nZnO had a negative effect, but this impact was less pronounced for sea urchins reared at their preferred temperature of 27 °C compared to 25 or 29 °C. Larval growth was also impacted by combined stress of elevated temperature and nZnO. Subsequent measurement of the dissolution and aggregation of nZnO particles and the direct effect of Zn2+ ions on larvae, suggest the negative effects of nZnO on larval development and growth were most likely due to Zn2+ ions. Our results demonstrate that marine larvae may be more resilient to stressors at optimal temperatures and highlight the potential for ocean warming to exacerbate the effects of pollution on marine larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mos
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina L Kaposi
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew L Rose
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Symon A Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.
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Yan Z, Wei H, Ren C, Yuan S, Fu H, Lv Y, Zhu Y, Zhang T. Gene expression of Hsps in normal and abnormal embryonic development of mouse hindlimbs. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:563-74. [PMID: 25352652 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114555927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps), which have important biological functions, are a class of highly conserved genetic molecules with the capacity of protecting and promoting cells to repair themselves from damage caused by various stimuli. Our previous studies found that Hsp25, HspB2, HspB3, HspB7, Hsp20, HspB9, HspB10, and Hsp40 may be related to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-induced phocomelic and other abnormalities, while HspA12B, HspA14, Trap1, and Hsp105 may be forelimb development-related genes; Grp78 may play an important role in forelimb development. In this study, the embryonic phocomelic, oligodactylic model of both forelimbs and hindlimbs was developed by atRA administered per os to the pregnant mice on gestational day 11, and the expression of 36 members of Hsps family in normal and abnormal development of embryonic hindlimbs was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). It is found that HspA1L, Hsp22, Hsp10, Hsp60, Hsp47, HspB2, HspB10, HspA12A, Apg1, HspB4, Grp78, and HspB9 probably performs a major function in limb development, and HspA13, Grp94 and Hsp110 may be hindlimb development-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Yan
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimiao Wei
- Department of Health Toxicology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlu Ren
- Department of Laboratory, No.100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Fu
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Ren C, Wan X, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Zhou H, Zhang T. Gene expression of Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110 families in normal palate and cleft palate during mouse embryogenesis. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:915-30. [PMID: 22585935 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712446720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most previous studies focused on a small number of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and their relationships with embryogenesis, and the actual roles of these Hsps in normal and abnormal embryonic development remain unclear. It was found in the present systemic study that except for Grp170, whose expression was not detectable at GD18, all 19 Hsps of Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110 families were expressed in the normal development of embryonic palate tissue in mice, but their expression patterns varied with different Hsps, presenting as a correlation with the developmental phases. In the treatment group by all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of HspA1A, HspA1L, HspA8, HspA9, HspA12A, HspA12B, HspA13, HspA14, Hsp90AA1, Hsp90AB1, Grp94, Trap1, Hsp105, Hsp110 and Grp170 was higher in the palates at GD11 (the beginning of palate development), the mRNA abundance of HspA1A, HspA12A and HspA12B was higher at GD18 (before birth) and an mRNA expression peak of HspA1L, HspA8, HspA9, Hsp90AA1, Grp94, Hsp110 and Grp170 was observed at GD17. The mRNA abundance of most genes in atRA-induced cleft palates of the treatment group was different from that of the control group. Grp78, HspA14 and Hsp105 were closely associated with the normal palate development and cleft palate in mouse embryo, possibly as palate development-related genes. Except Grp170, the other genes may be closely associated with the development of mouse palates through participating in the stress response process and/or the antiapoptosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Zhu
- 1School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Zhou H, Zhu Y, Wan X, Zhu J, Zhang T. Gene expression ofHsp70,Hsp90, andHsp110families in normal and abnormal embryonic development of mouse forelimbs. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:432-44. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.640683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Mizrahi T, Heller J, Goldenberg S, Arad Z. Heat shock protein expression in relation to reproductive cycle in land snails: Implications for survival. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:149-55. [PMID: 21664480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Land snails are subject to daily and seasonal variations in temperature and in water availability and use heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of their survival strategy. We tested whether the reproductive cycle of land snails affects the endogenous levels of HSPs, and their involvement in the reproductive process. We examined HSP levels in the foot tissue of two Sphincterochila species, S. cariosa and S. zonata, before and after laying eggs, and analyzed the albumen gland (reproductive organ) of both species and eggs of S. cariosa for the presence and quantity of various HSPs. Our study shows reduction in the expression level of Hsp70 isoforms and Hsp90 in S. zonata foot and of Hsp74 in S. cariosa foot during the period preceding egg laying compared to the post-reproductive stage. Hsp70 isoforms and Hsp25 were highly expressed in both large albumen glands and in freshly laid eggs of S. cariosa, whereas large albumen glands of S. zonata expressed mainly Hsp70 isoforms. We conclude that a trade-off between survival and fertility is responsible for the expression level of HSPs in the foot tissue of Sphincterochila snails. Our study shows that HSPs are involved in the reproductive process. We propose that parental provision of HSPs may be part of a "be prepared" strategy of Sphincterochila snails, and that HSPs may play important roles in the survival strategy of land snails during the early life stages. Our observations also highlight the importance of the reproductive status in study of whole organisms, especially when assessing the HSP response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Mizrahi
- Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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7
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Pinsino A, Turturici G, Sconzo G, Geraci F. Rapid changes in heat-shock cognate 70 levels, heat-shock cognate phosphorylation state, heat-shock transcription factor, and metal transcription factor activity levels in response to heavy metal exposure during sea urchin embryonic development. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:246-254. [PMID: 21082241 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the effects of several metals on the embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, a key species within the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem. Embryos were continuously exposed from fertilization to the following metals: 0.6 mg/l copper, 3 mg/l lead, and 6 mg/l nickel. The embryos were then monitored for metal responses at the gastrula stage, which occurred 24 h after exposure. A biochemical multi-experimental approach was taken and involved the investigation of the levels of HSC70 expression and the involvement of heat shock factor (HSF) and/or metal transcription factor (MTF) in the response. Immunoblotting assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were used to detect stress protein levels and to study the interaction between DNA and specific transcription factors, respectively. In the 1 h during exposure to heavy metals, changes in HSC70 levels and HSC70 a phosphorylation state were observed. Rapid changes in HSF and MTF DNA-binding activity also occurred during the early stages of heavy metal exposure. In contrast, few developmental abnormalities were observed at the gastrula stage but more abnormalities were observed 48 h after metal exposure. These data demonstrate that changes in HSC70 levels and phosphorylation state as well as in HSF and MTF binding activities may be used to rapidly detect responses to heavy metal exposure. Detection of biochemical and molecular changes in response to metal exposure before manifestation of morpho-pathological effects are important for the prediction of morbidity, and these markers will be useful for determining the response to exposure as part of a toxicological exposure-response experiment and for determining responses for an impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pinsino
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Hammond LM, Hofmann GE. Thermal tolerance of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus early life history stages: mortality, stress-induced gene expression and biogeographic patterns. MARINE BIOLOGY 2010; 157:2677-2687. [PMID: 24391252 PMCID: PMC3873058 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-010-1528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the differential thermal tolerance of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus early life history stages by comparing high temperature-induced mortality and the relative levels of the stress-induced gene, hsp70, between S. purpuratus embryos and larvae from adults collected throughout the species range. There was no significant difference between gastrulae and 4-arm plutei mortality from all sites examined. Furthermore, there was little variability in temperature tolerance across the biogeographic range as southern gastrulae and 4-arm plutei exhibited similar tolerances to northern individuals. Relative levels of hsp70 mRNA expression did not differ overall between the two developmental stages at each site. Across sites, all gastrulae and 4-arm plutei exhibited maximum hsp70 expression at approximately 25°C; however, the range of hsp70 expression was narrower in southern individuals, suggesting they are living closer to their upper thermal limit than northern individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTisha M. Hammond
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620 USA
| | - Gretchen E. Hofmann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620 USA
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9
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Byrne M, Ho M, Selvakumaraswamy P, Nguyen HD, Dworjanyn SA, Davis AR. Temperature, but not pH, compromises sea urchin fertilization and early development under near-future climate change scenarios. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:1883-8. [PMID: 19324767 PMCID: PMC2674501 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is causing ocean warming and acidification. The distribution of Heliocidaris erythrogramma coincides with the eastern Australia climate change hot spot, where disproportionate warming makes marine biota particularly vulnerable to climate change. In keeping with near-future climate change scenarios, we determined the interactive effects of warming and acidification on fertilization and development of this echinoid. Experimental treatments (20-26 degrees C, pH 7.6-8.2) were tested in all combinations for the 'business-as-usual' scenario, with 20 degrees C/pH 8.2 being ambient. Percentage of fertilization was high (>89%) across all treatments. There was no difference in percentage of normal development in any pH treatment. In elevated temperature conditions, +4 degrees C reduced cleavage by 40 per cent and +6 degrees C by a further 20 per cent. Normal gastrulation fell below 4 per cent at +6 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, development was impaired. As the first study of interactive effects of temperature and pH on sea urchin development, we confirm the thermotolerance and pH resilience of fertilization and embryogenesis within predicted climate change scenarios, with negative effects at upper limits of ocean warming. Our findings place single stressor studies in context and emphasize the need for experiments that address ocean warming and acidification concurrently. Although ocean acidification research has focused on impaired calcification, embryos may not reach the skeletogenic stage in a warm ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byrne
- Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, F13, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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10
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Gunter HM, Degnan BM. Impact of ecologically relevant heat shocks on Hsp developmental function in the vetigastropodHaliotis asinina. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2008; 310:450-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Gunter HM, Degnan BM. Developmental expression of Hsp90, Hsp70 and HSF during morphogenesis in the vetigastropod Haliotis asinina. Dev Genes Evol 2007; 217:603-12. [PMID: 17647016 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-007-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have dual functions, participating in both the stress response and a broad range of developmental processes. At physiological temperatures, it has been demonstrated in deuterostomes (vertebrates) and ecdysozoans (insects) that Hsps are expressed in tissues that are undergoing differentiation and morphogenesis. Here we investigate the developmental expression of Hsp70, Hsp90 and their regulatory transcription factor heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in the marine gastropod Haliotis asinina, a representative of the 3rd major lineage of bilaterian animals, the Lophotrochozoa. HasHsp70, HasHsp90 and HasHSF are maternally expressed in H. asinina and are progressively restricted to the micromere lineage during cleavage. During larval morphogenesis, they are expressed in unique and overlapping patterns in the prototroch, foot, and mantle. Hsp expression peaked in these tissues during periods of cell differentiation and morphogenesis, returning to lower levels after morphogenesis was complete. These patterns of Hsp and HSF expression in H. asinina are akin to those observed in ecdysozoans and deuterostomes, with Hsps being activated in cells and tissues undergoing morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Gunter
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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12
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Geraci F, Pinsino A, Turturici G, Savona R, Giudice G, Sconzo G. Nickel, lead, and cadmium induce differential cellular responses in sea urchin embryos by activating the synthesis of different HSP70s. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:873-7. [PMID: 15336544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with heavy metals, such as nickel, lead or cadmium, elicits different cellular stress responses according to the metal used and the length of treatment. In Paracentrotus lividus embryos the inducible forms of HSP70 (HSP70/72) are different in molecular mass from the constitutively expressed HSP75, and they can be used as markers of cellular stress. Even a short treatment with each metal induces the synthesis of HSP70/72 which remain stable for at least 20h and differ little in their isoelectric points. Continuous treatment from fertilization with nickel or lead produces late irregular pluteus embryos, with peak HSP70/72 synthesis at blastula followed by the arrest of synthesis by pluteus. On the contrary, the same treatment with cadmium induces continuous HSP70/72 synthesis and produces irregular gastrula embryos which then degenerate. Moreover, a long treatment induces over control embryos a slight increase in the amount of constitutive HSP75 during development while lead treatment depresses constitutive HSP75 at early stages and doubles its quantity at late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Geraci
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Italy
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Roccheri MC, Agnello M, Bonaventura R, Matranga V. Cadmium induces the expression of specific stress proteins in sea urchin embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:80-7. [PMID: 15358218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are highly sensitive to many environmental stresses, and consequently, the analysis of their bio-molecular responses to different stress agents is very important for the understanding of putative repair mechanisms. Sea urchin embryos represent a simple though significant model system to test how specific stress can simultaneously affect development and protein expression. Here, we used Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos to study the effects of time-dependent continuous exposure to subacute/sublethal cadmium concentrations. We found that, between 15 and 24 h of exposure, the synthesis of a specific set of stress proteins (90, 72-70, 56, 28, and 25 kDa) was induced, with an increase in the rate of synthesis of 72-70 kDa (hsps), 56 kDa (hsp), and 25 kDa, which was dependent on the lengths of treatment. Recovery experiments in which cadmium was removed showed that while stress proteins continued to be synthesized, embryo development was resumed only after short lengths of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Roccheri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo A. Monroy, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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14
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Zhao Y, Zhang W, White MA, Zhao Y. Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of proteins from affinity-purified plasma membrane. Anal Chem 2004; 75:3751-7. [PMID: 14572040 DOI: 10.1021/ac034184m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics analysis of plasma membranes is a potentially powerful strategy for the discovery of proteins involved in membrane remodeling under diverse cellular environments and identification of disease-specific membrane markers. A key factor for successful analysis is the preparation of plasma membrane fractions with low contamination from subcellular organelles. Here we report the characterization of plasma membrane prepared by an affinity-purification method, which involves biotinylation of cell-surface proteins and subsequent affinity enrichment with strepavidin beads. Western blotting analysis showed this method was able to achieve a 1600-fold relative enrichment of plasma membrane versus mitochondria and a 400-fold relative enrichment versus endoplasmic reticulum, two major contaminants in plasma membrane fractions prepared by conventional ultracentrifugation methods. Capillary-HPLC/MS analysis of 30 microg of affinity-purified plasma membrane proteins led to the identification of 918 unique proteins, which include 16.4% integral plasma membrane proteins and 45.5% cytosol proteins (including 8.6% membrane-associated proteins). Notable among the identified membrane proteins include 30 members of ras superfamily, receptors (e.g., EGF receptor, integrins), and signaling molecules. The low number of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria proteins (approximately 3.3% of the total) suggests the plasma membrane preparation has minimum contamination from these organelles. Given the importance of integral membrane proteins for drug design and membrane-associated proteins in the regulation cellular behaviors, the described approach will help expedite the characterization of plasma membrane subproteomes, identify signaling molecules, and discover therapeutic membrane-protein targets in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA
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15
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Geraci F, Agueli C, Giudice G, Sconzo G. Localization of HSP70, Cdc2, and cyclin B in sea urchin oocytes in non-stressed conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:748-53. [PMID: 14550266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In Paracentrotus lividus embryos, a Mediterranean sea urchin species, HSP70 is present in all the cells. During cell division it localizes under normal growth conditions on the centrosomes and on the whole isolated mitotic apparatus. Now, in situ hybridization, Western blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry show that the HSP70 mRNA is present in both small and large P. lividus oocytes, that all four isoforms of HSP70 can be found also in the oocytes, and that a certain amount of HSP70 localizes on asters and spindles during polar body formation. Moreover, two representative cell-cycle related proteins, cyclin B, and Cdc2, are present both in small and large oocytes, concentrating in the germinal vesicles before its breaking down. Cdc2 has been found in the cytoplasm of small oocytes and in the germinal vesicles of the large ones and then together with HSP70 on the mitotic apparatus of the dividing oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Geraci
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Palermo, Italy
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16
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Agueli C, Geraci F, Giudice G, Chimenti L, Cascino D, Sconzo G. A constitutive 70 kDa heat-shock protein is localized on the fibres of spindles and asters at metaphase in an ATP-dependent manner: a new chaperone role is proposed. Biochem J 2001; 360:413-9. [PMID: 11716770 PMCID: PMC1222242 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, double immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis have been used to show that centrosomes, isolated from Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos at the first mitotic metaphase, contain the constitutive chaperone, heat-shock protein (HSP) 70. More specifically, we demonstrate that centrosomes contain only the HSP70-d isoform, which is one of the four isoforms identified in P. lividus. We also provide evidence that p34(cell division control kinase-2) and t complex polypeptide-1 (TCP-1) alpha, a subunit of the TCP-1 complex, are localized on the centrosomes. Furthermore, inhibition of TCP-1 in vivo, via microinjecting an anti-(TCP-1 alpha) antibody into P. lividus eggs before fertilization, either impaired mitosis or induced severe malformations in more than 50% of embryos. In addition, we have isolated the whole mitotic apparatus and shown that HSP70 localizes on the fibres of spindles and asters, and binds them in an ATP-dependent manner. These observations suggest that HSP70 has a chaperone role in assisting the TCP-1 complex in tubulin folding, when localized on centrosomes, and during the assembling and disassembling of the mitotic apparatus, when localized on the fibres of spindles and asters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agueli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo A. Monroy, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Stephens RE, Lemieux NA. Molecular chaperones in cilia and flagella: implications for protein turnover. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1999; 44:274-83. [PMID: 10602256 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0169(199912)44:4<274::aid-cm5>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of protein incorporation and turnover in 9+2 ciliary axonemes are not known. Previous reports of an HSP70-related protein, first in Chlamydomonas flagella and then in sea urchin embryonic cilia, suggested a potential role in protein transport or incorporation. The present study further explores this and other chaperones in axonemes from a representative range of organisms. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis proved identity between the sea urchin ciliary 78 kDa HSP and a constitutive cytoplasmic HSP70 cognate (pI = 5.71). When isolated flagella from mature sea urchin sperm were analyzed, the same total amount and distribution of 78 kDa protein as in cilia were found. Antigens of similar size were detected in ctenophore comb plate, molluscan gill, and rabbit tracheal cilia. Absent from sea urchin sperm flagella, TCP-1alpha was detected in sea urchin embryonic and rabbit tracheal cilia; the latter also contained HSP90, detected by two distinct antibodies. Tracheal cilia were shown to undergo axonemal protein turnover while tracheal cells mainly synthesized ciliary proteins. TCP-1alpha progressively appeared in regenerating embryonic cilia only as their growth slowed, suggesting a regulatory role in incorporation or turnover. These results demonstrate that chaperones are widely distributed ciliary and flagellar components, potentially related to axonemal protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Stephens
- Department of Physiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Abstract
Work on stress proteins in sea urchin embryos carried out over the last 20 years is reviewed and the following major results are described. Entire sea urchin embryos, if subjected to a rise in temperature at any postblastular stage undergo a wave of heat shock protein (hsp) synthesis and survive. If subjected to the same rise between fertilization and blastula formation, they are not yet able to synthesize hsp and die. Four clones coding for the major hsp, hsp70, have been isolated and sequenced; evidence for the existence of a heat shock factor has been provided, and a mechanism for the developmental regulation of hsp synthesis discussed. Intraembryonic and intracellular hsp location has been described; and a mechanism for achievement of thermotolerance proposed. A chaperonine role for a constitutive mitochondrial hsp56 has been suggested, as well as a role for the constitutive hsp70 in cell division. Heat shock, if preceded by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-12-acetate (TPA) treatment causes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giudice
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo Alberto Monroy Università di Palermo, Italy.
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Sconzo G, Palla F, Agueli C, Spinelli G, Giudice G, Cascino D, Geraci F. Constitutive hsp70 is essential to mitosis during early cleavage of Paracentrotus lividus embryos: the blockage of constitutive hsp70 impairs mitosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 260:143-9. [PMID: 10381358 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Localization of constitutive hsp70 in eggs and early embryos of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is shown by means of in situ immunostaining. An accumulation of this protein is shown in the mitotic structures (asters, spindles and centrosomes). Microinjection of anti-hsp70 antibodies into eggs causes impairment of formation of mitotic structures and of cell division. This impairment goes from a complete mitotic block, to irregular mitotic apparatus formation with irregular cleavage, depending upon the antibody concentration. The localization of hsp70 after antibody microinjection is also described. Blockage of mitotic apparatus formation by nocodazole also blocks the concentration of hsp70 molecules observed in nontreated eggs. That the constitutive hsp70 plays a role in sea urchin mitosis is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sconzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo Alberto Monroy, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Sconzo G, Geraci F, Melfi R, Cascino D, Spinelli G, Giudice G, Sirchia R. Sea urchin HSF activity in vitro and in transgenic embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 240:436-41. [PMID: 9388497 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is provided for the presence at the physiological temperature of 20 degrees C of a heat shock transcriptor factor, HSF, in the nuclei of P.lividus embryos. This HSF is able to specifically bind in vitro the heat shock element, HSE, of the promoter of the hsp70 gene i.v., as suggested by DNA-protein binding reactions and DNAse I protection assays. Upon heat-shock, at the temperature of 31 degrees C, its ability to bind the HSE units becomes much higher. The HSF activated by heat-shock drives in vivo the transcription of the beta-galactosidase reporter gene in transgenic sea urchin gastrulae. An ATF-like transcription factor, widely described in other organisms but not at all in sea urchins, is also present in the nuclear extracts and is able to bind the consensus individuated in the hsp70 i.v. gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sconzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo Alberto Monroy, Università di Palermo, Italy.
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