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Scott J, Ruchaud-Sparagano MH, Musgrave K, Roy AI, Wright SE, Perry JD, Conway Morris A, Rostron AJ, Simpson AJ. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Inhibition Improves Neutrophil Bacterial Killing in Critically Ill Patients at High Risk of Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1776-1784. [PMID: 34497151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acquired neutrophil dysfunction frequently develops during critical illness, independently increasing the risk for intensive care unit-acquired infection. PI3Kδ is implicated in driving neutrophil dysfunction and can potentially be targeted pharmacologically. The aims of this study were to determine whether PI3Kδ inhibition reverses dysfunction in neutrophils from critically ill patients and to describe potential mechanisms. Neutrophils were isolated from blood taken from critically ill patients requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, renal support, or blood pressure support. In separate validation experiments, neutrophil dysfunction was induced pharmacologically in neutrophils from healthy volunteers. Phagocytosis and bacterial killing assays were performed, and activity of RhoA and protein kinase A (PKA) was assessed. Inhibitors of PI3Kδ, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), and PKA were used to determine mechanisms of neutrophil dysfunction. Sixty-six patients were recruited. In the 27 patients (40.9%) with impaired neutrophil function, PI3Kδ inhibition consistently improved function and significantly increased bacterial killing. These findings were validated in neutrophils from healthy volunteers with salbutamol-induced dysfunction and extended to demonstrate that PI3Kδ inhibition restored killing of clinical isolates of nine pathogens commonly associated with intensive care unit-acquired infection. PI3Kδ activation was associated with PDK1 activation, which in turn phosphorylated PKA, which drove phosphorylation and inhibition of the key regulator of neutrophil phagocytosis, RhoA. These data indicate that, in a significant proportion of critically ill patients, PI3Kδ inhibition can improve neutrophil function through PDK1- and PKA-dependent processes, suggesting that therapeutic use of PI3Kδ inhibitors warrants investigation in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Hélène Ruchaud-Sparagano
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Musgrave
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair I Roy
- Integrated Critical Care Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E Wright
- Intensive Care Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John D Perry
- Microbiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Rostron
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Integrated Critical Care Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - A John Simpson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;
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Raad H, Mouawia H, Hassan H, El-Seblani M, Arabi-Derkawi R, Boussetta T, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Dang PMC, El-Benna J. The protein kinase A negatively regulates reactive oxygen species production by phosphorylating gp91phox/NOX2 in human neutrophils. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:19-27. [PMID: 32758662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide anion production by neutrophils is essential for host defense against microbes. Superoxide anion generates other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are very toxic for microbes and host cells, therefore their excessive production could induce inflammatory reactions and tissue injury. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevating agents are considered to be physiological inhibitors of superoxide production by neutrophils but the mechanisms involved in this inhibitory effect are poorly understood. Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Except Rac2, these proteins are known to be phosphorylated upon neutrophil stimulation. Here we show that forskolin, an activator of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA pathway, induced phosphorylation of gp91phox/NOX2 and inhibited fMLF-induced NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils. H89, a PKA inhibitor prevented the forskolin-induced phosphorylation of gp91phox and restored NADPH oxidase activation. Furthermore, PKA phosphorylated the recombinant gp91phox/NOX2-cytosolic C-terminal region in vitro only on a few specific peptides containing serine residues, as compared to PKC. Interestingly, phosphorylation of NOX2-Cter by PKA alone did not induce interaction with the cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox and Rac2, however it induced inhibition of PKC-induced interaction. Furthermore, PKA alone did not induce NOX2 electron transfer activity, however it inhibited PKC-induced activation. These results suggest that PKA phosphorylates NOX2 in human neutrophils, a process essential to limit ROS production and inflammation under physiological conditions. Our data identify the cAMP-PKA-NOX2-axis as a critical gatekeeper of neutrophil ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Raad
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France; Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Mouawia
- Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Hassan
- Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed El-Seblani
- Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Riad Arabi-Derkawi
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Tarek Boussetta
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France.
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3
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Song HI, Yoon MS. PLD1 regulates adipogenic differentiation through mTOR - IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 636/639. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36968. [PMID: 27872488 PMCID: PMC5181839 DOI: 10.1038/srep36968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) plays a known role in several differentiation processes, but its role in adipogenic differentiation remains unknown. In the present study, we identified PLD1 as a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation. We showed that PLD activity was downregulated by both 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and insulin upon induction of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipogenic cells. In line with this observation, PLD activity decreased in both high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and ob/ob mice. We also found that differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was enhanced by the depletion of PLD1 levels or inhibition of PLD1 activity by VU0155069, a PLD1-specific inhibitor. Conversely, treatment with phosphatidic acid (PA), a PLD product, and overexpression of PLD1 both caused a decrease in adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, the elevated differentiation in PLD1-knockdown 3T3-L1 cells was reduced by either PA treatment or PLD1 expression, confirming negative roles of PLD1 and PA in adipogenic differentiation. Further investigation revealed that PA displaces DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) from mTORC1, which subsequently phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at serine 636/639 in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, our findings provide convincing evidence for a direct role of PLD1 in adipogenic differentiation by regulating IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 636/639 through DEPTOR displacement and mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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4
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Garrido JL, Wheeler D, Vega LL, Friedman PA, Romero G. Role of phospholipase D in parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor signaling and trafficking. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:2048-59. [PMID: 19837945 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phospholipase D (PLD) in the regulation of the traffic of the PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R) was studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with a human PTH1R (CHO-R3) and in rat osteosarcoma 17/2.8 (ROS) cells. PTH(1-34) increased total PLD activity by 3-fold in CHO-R3 cells and by 2-fold in ROS cells. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) PLD1 and WT-PLD2 increased basal PLD activity in CHO-R3 but not in ROS cells. Ligand-stimulated PLD activity greatly increased in CHO-R3 cells transfected with WT-PLD1 and WT-PLD2. However, only WT-PLD2 expression increased PTH-dependent PLD activity in ROS cells. Expression of the catalytically inactive mutants R898K-PLD1 (DN-PLD1) and R758K-PLD2 (DN-PLD2) inhibited ligand-dependent PLD activity in both cell lines. PTH(1-34) induced internalization of the PTH1R with a concomitant increase in the colocalization of the receptor with PLD1 in intracellular vesicles and in a perinuclear, ADP ribosylation factor-1-positive compartment. The distribution of PLD1 and PLD2 remained unaltered after PTH treatment. Expression of DN-PLD1 had a small effect on endocytosis of the PTH1R; however, DN-PLD1 prevented accumulation of the PTH1R in the perinuclear compartment. Expression of DN-PLD2 significantly retarded ligand-induced PTH1R internalization in both cell lines. The differential effects of PLD1 and PLD2 on receptor traffic were confirmed using isoform-specific short hairpin RNA constructs. We conclude that PLD1 and PLD2 play distinct roles in regulating PTH1R traffic; PLD2 primarily regulates endocytosis, whereas PLD1 regulates receptor internalization and intracellular receptor traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Garrido
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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5
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6
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Burelout C, Thibault N, Harbour D, Naccache PH, Bourgoin SG. The PGE2-induced inhibition of the PLD activation pathway stimulated by fMLP in human neutrophils is mediated by PKA at the PI3-Kgamma level. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:730-41. [PMID: 17631865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an eicosanoid that modulates inflammation, inhibits several chemoattractant-elicited functions in neutrophils such as chemotaxis, production of superoxide anions, adhesion, secretion of cytotoxic enzymes and synthesis of leukotriene B4. We previously reported that PGE2 inhibits the fMLP signaling pathway that leads to PLD activation through suppression of PI3-Kgamma activity and the decreased recruitment to membranes of PLD activation factors, PKC, Rho and Arf-GTPases. This effect is mediated via the EP2 receptors known to raise cAMP in cells. The inhibition of most fMLP-induced functional responses by PGE2 via EP2 receptors is mediated by PKA, except the chemotactic response. We have investigated the role of PKA in the EP2-mediated inhibition of the PLD activation pathway. H-89, a selective PKA pharmacological inhibitor suppressed the inhibitory effects of PGE2 at all stages of the PLD pathway activated by fMLP, i.e. PLD activity, translocation to membranes of PKCalpha, Rho and Arf-GTPases, calcium influx, tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and finally translocation of p110gamma catalytic subunit of PI3-K to membranes. However, neither PLD nor PI3-Kgamma was substrate of PKA. These data provide evidence that PGE2-stimulated PKA activity regulates the PLD pathway stimulated by fMLP at the level of PI3-Kgamma and that the inhibition of PI3-Kgamma activation by PKA is a complex mechanism that remains to be completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Burelout
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie-Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Département d'Anatomie-Physiologie, Québec, Canada
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7
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Yang Z, Asico LD, Yu P, Wang Z, Jones JE, Bai RK, Sibley DR, Felder RA, Jose PA. D5 dopamine receptor regulation of phospholipase D. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288:H55-61. [PMID: 15598876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00627.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
D(1)-like receptors have been reported to decrease oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells by decreasing phospholipase D (PLD) activity. However, the PLD isoform regulated by D(1)-like receptors (D(1) or D(5)) and whether abnormal regulation of PLD by D(1)-like receptors plays a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension are unknown. The hypothesis that the D(5) receptor is the D(1)-like receptor that inhibits PLD activity and serves to regulate blood pressure was tested using D(5) receptor mutant mice (D(5)(-/-)). We found that in the mouse kidney, PLD2, like the D(5) receptor, is mainly expressed in renal brush-border membranes, whereas PLD1 is mainly expressed in renal vessels with faint staining in brush-border membranes and collecting ducts. Total renal PLD activity is increased in D(5)(-/-) mice relative to congenic D(5) wild-type (D(5)(+/+)) mice. PLD2, but not PLD1, expression is greater in D(5)(-/-) than in D(5)(+/+) mice. The D(5) receptor agonist fenoldopam decreases PLD2, but not PLD1, expression and activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells heterologously expressing the human D(5) receptor, effects that are blocked by the D(5) receptor antagonist SCH-23390. These studies show that the D(5) receptor regulates PLD2 activity and expression. The hypertension in the D(5)(-/-) mice is associated with increased PLD expression and activity. Impaired D(5) receptor regulation of PLD2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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8
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Mansfield PJ, Carey SS, Hinkovska-Galcheva V, Shayman JA, Boxer LA. Ceramide inhibition of phospholipase D and its relationship to RhoA and ARF1 translocation in GTP gamma S-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Blood 2003; 103:2363-8. [PMID: 14615385 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) regulates the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions of phagocytosis, degranulation, and oxidant production. Ceramide inhibition of PLD suppresses PMN function. In streptolysin O-permeabilized PMNs, PLD was directly activated by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S) stimulation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor (ARF) and Rho, stimulating release of lactoferrin from specific granules of permeabilized PMNs; PLD activation and degranulation were inhibited by C2-ceramide but not dihydro-C2-ceramide. To investigate the mechanism of ceramide's inhibitory effect on PLD, we used a cell-free system to examine PLD activity and translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane of ARF, protein kinase C (PKC)alpha and beta, and RhoA, all of which can activate PLD. GTP gamma S-activated cytosol stimulated PLD activity and translocation of ARF, PKC alpha and beta, and RhoA when recombined with cell membranes. Prior incubation of PMNs with 10 microM C2-ceramide inhibited PLD activity and RhoA translocation, but not ARF1, ARF6, PKC alpha, or PKC beta translocation. However, in intact PMNs stimulated with N-formyl-1-methionyl-1-leucyl-1-phenylalamine (FMLP) or permeabilized PMNs stimulated with GTP gamma S, C2-ceramide did not inhibit RhoA translocation. Exogenous RhoA did not restore ceramide-inhibited PLD activity but bound to membranes despite ceramide treatment. These observations suggest that, although ceramide may affect RhoA in some systems, ceramide inhibits PLD through another mechanism, perhaps related to the ability of ceramide to inhibit phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) interaction with PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Mansfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
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Ellerbroek SM, Wennerberg K, Burridge K. Serine phosphorylation negatively regulates RhoA in vivo. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:19023-31. [PMID: 12654918 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m213066200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work indicates that RhoA phosphorylation on Ser188 by cAMP or cGMP-dependent kinases inhibits its activity. However, these studies lacked the possibility to directly study phosphorylated RhoA activity in vivo. Therefore, we created RhoA proteins containing phosphomimetic residues in place of the cAMP/cGMP-dependent kinase phosphorylation site. RhoA phosphorylation or phosphomimetic substitution did not affect Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GTPase activating protein, or geranylgeranyl transferase activity in vitro but promoted binding to the Rho guanine-dissociation inhibitor as measured by exchange factor competition assays. The in vitro similarities between RhoA phosphomimetic proteins and phosphorylated RhoA allowed us to study function of phosphorylated RhoA in vivo. RhoA phosphomimetic proteins display depressed GTP loading when transiently expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Stable-expressing RhoA and RhoA(S188A) clones spread significantly slower than mock-transfected or RhoA(S188E) clones. RhoA(S188A) clones were protected from the morphological effects of a cAMP agonist, whereas phosphomimetic clones exhibit stress fiber disassembly similar to control cells. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that addition of a charged group to Ser188 upon phosphorylation negatively regulates RhoA activity and indicates that this occurs through enhanced Rho guanine-dissociation inhibitor interaction rather than direct perturbation of guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GTPase activating protein, or geranylgeranyl transferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Ellerbroek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,USA.
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10
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Park MA, Lee MJ, Lee SH, Jung DK, Kwak JY. Anti-apoptotic role of phospholipase D in spontaneous and delayed apoptosis of human neutrophils. FEBS Lett 2002; 519:45-9. [PMID: 12023016 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil apoptosis is a constitutive process that can be enhanced or delayed by signals induced by various stimuli. We investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in neutrophil apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of neutrophils was found to be increased by 1-butanol and decreased by the exogenous addition of PLD. Moreover, the delay of apoptosis by apoptosis-delaying stimuli such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also blocked by 1-butanol. Unstimulated PLD activity in cultured cells for 20 h was higher than that in freshly isolated cells and further increased in cultured cells with LPS. These results suggest that PLD is involved in the up-regulation of neutrophil survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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11
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Thibault N, Burelout C, Harbour D, Borgeat P, Naccache PH, Bourgoin SG. Occupancy of adenosine A2a receptors promotes fMLP‐induced cyclic AMP accumulation in human neutrophils: impact on phospholipase D activity and recruitment of small GTPases to membranes. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Thibault
- CIHR Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, CHUQ et Université Laval, Départements Canada
| | - Chantal Burelout
- CIHR Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, CHUQ et Université Laval, Départements Canada
| | - Danielle Harbour
- CIHR Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, CHUQ et Université Laval, Départements Canada
| | - Pierre Borgeat
- CIHR Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, CHUQ et Université Laval, Départements Canada
- d’Anatomie‐Physiologie et Canada
| | - Paul H. Naccache
- CIHR Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, CHUQ et Université Laval, Départements Canada
- Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain G. Bourgoin
- CIHR Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, CHUQ et Université Laval, Départements Canada
- d’Anatomie‐Physiologie et Canada
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12
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Forget MA, Desrosiers RR, Gingras D, Béliveau R. Phosphorylation states of Cdc42 and RhoA regulate their interactions with Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor and their extraction from biological membranes. Biochem J 2002; 361:243-54. [PMID: 11772396 PMCID: PMC1222304 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3610243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) regulates the activation-inactivation cycle of Rho small GTPases, such as Cdc42 and RhoA, by extracting them from the membrane. To study the roles of Mg(2+), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), ionic strength and phosphorylation on the interactions of RhoGDI with Cdc42 and RhoA, we developed a new, efficient and reliable method to produce prenylated Rho proteins using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been previously reported that protein kinase A (PKA)-treatment of isolated membranes increased RhoA extraction from membranes by RhoGDI [Lang, Gesbert, Delespine-Carmagnat, Stancou, Pouchelet and Bertoglio (1996) EMBO J. 16, 510-519]. In the present study, we used an in vitro affinity chromatography system to show that phosphorylation of RhoA and Cdc42 significantly increased their interaction with RhoGDI under physiological conditions of ionic strength. This increase was independent of the nucleotide (GDP or guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) loaded on to the Rho proteins, as well as of Mg(2+) and PIP(2). Moreover, dephosphorylation of rat brain membranes by alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased the extraction of RhoA and Cdc42 by RhoGDI. Subsequent re-phosphorylation by PKA restored the extraction levels, indicating the reversibility of this process. These results clearly demonstrate that the phosphorylation states of Cdc42 and RhoA regulate their interactions with RhoGDI and, consequently, their extraction from rat brain membranes. We therefore suggest that phosphorylation is a mechanism of regulation of Cdc42 and RhoA activity that is independent of GDP-GTP cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Annick Forget
- Laboratoire de médecine moléculaire, Hôpital Sainte-Justine-Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville station, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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13
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Kato T, Kimata M, Tsuji T, Shichijo M, Murata M, Miura T, Serizawa I, Inagaki N, Nagai H. Role of protein kinase A in the inhibition of human mast cell histamine release by β-adrenergic receptor agonists. Allergol Int 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2002.00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Kobayashi T, Tsunawaki S, Seguchi H. Evaluation of the process for superoxide production by NADPH oxidase in human neutrophils: evidence for cytoplasmic origin of superoxide. Redox Rep 2001; 6:27-36. [PMID: 11333112 DOI: 10.1179/135100001101536003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an up-to-date insight into the function of NADPH oxidase in human neutrophils, the signalling pathways involved in activation of this enzyme and the process of association of its components with the cytoskeleton. We also discuss the functional implications of morphological studies revealing localization of the sites of NADPH oxidase activity. An original model of the process of superoxide (O2*-) production in human neutrophils is shown. Organization of NADPH oxidase is associated with several components. Upon stimulation, tri-phox cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase (p40-phox, p47-phox and p67-phox) bind to actin filaments. This process involves other actin-binding proteins, such as cofilin and coronin. Activated protein kinase C, translocated from the plasma membrane, phosphorylates cytosolic components at a scaffold of cytoskeleton. Subsequently, p40-phox, responsible for maintaining the resting state of NADPH oxidase, is separated from other two cytosolic phox proteins following an attachment of the active form of small GTP-binding protein Rac to p67-phox. Cytosolic duo-phox proteins (p47-phox and p67-phox) conjugate with membrane components (gp91-phox, p22-phox and Rapla) of NADPH oxidase residing within membranes of intracellular compartments. This chain of events triggers production of O2*-. Then, oxidant-producing intracellular compartments associate with the plasma membrane. Eventually, intracellularly produced O2*- is released to the extracellular environment through the orifice formed by fusion of oxidant-producing compartments with the plasma membrane. Intracellular movement of the oxidant-producing compartments may be regulated by myosin light chain kinase. The review emphasizes that functional assembly of NADPH oxidase and, therefore, generation of O2*- is accomplished essentially within the intracellular compartments. Upon neutrophil stimulation, intracellularly generated O2*- is transported to the plasma membrane to be released and to ensure host defense against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Kim-Park WK, Moore MA, Kowolik MJ. The histamine receptor 2 may be a pacemaker for neutrophil activation. Inflammopharmacology 2000. [DOI: 10.1163/156856000750264447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Le Stunff H, Dokhac L, Bourgoin S, Bader MF, Harbon S. Phospholipase D in rat myometrium: occurrence of a membrane-bound ARF6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6)-regulated activity controlled by betagamma subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Biochem J 2000; 352 Pt 2:491-9. [PMID: 11085943 PMCID: PMC1221481 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3520491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinases have been shown to be involved in phospholipase D (PLD) activation in intact rat myometrium [Le Stunff, Dokhac and Harbon (2000) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 292, 629-637]. In this study we assessed the involvement of monomeric G-proteins in PLD activation in a cell-free system derived from myometrial tissue. Both the PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms were detected. Two forms of PLD activity, essentially membrane-bound, were found in myometrial preparations. One form was stimulated by oleate and insensitive to guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio] triphosphate (GTP[S]). The second required ammonium sulphate to be detected and was stimulated by GTP[S]. ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF1 and ARF6) and RhoA were immunodetected in myometrial preparations. ARF1 and RhoA were present in the membrane and cytosolic fractions whereas ARF6 was detected exclusively in the membrane fraction. A synthetic myristoylated peptide corresponding to the N-terminal domain of ARF6 [myrARF6((2-13))] totally abolished PLD activation in the presence of ammonium sulphate and GTP[S], whereas myrARF1((2-17)) and the inhibitory GDP/GTP-exchange factor, Rho GDI, did not. These data are consistent with a membrane-bound ARF6-regulated PLD activity. Finally, the stimulation of PLD by ARF6 was inhibited by AlF(-)(4) and this inhibition was counteracted by the fusion protein glutathione S-transferase-beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (495-689) and by the QEHA peptide (from adenylate cyclase ACII), which act as G-protein betagamma-subunit scavengers. It is concluded that G-protein subunits betagamma are involved in a pathway modulating PLD activation by ARF6, illustrating cross-talk between heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le Stunff
- Signalisation et Régulations Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 8619, Bâtiment 432, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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