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Enduru N, Fernandes BS, Zhao Z. Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer's disease and frailty: a cross-trait meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies. Front Genet 2024; 15:1376050. [PMID: 38706793 PMCID: PMC11069310 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1376050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Frailty is the most common medical condition affecting the aging population, and its prevalence increases in the population aged 65 or more. Frailty is commonly diagnosed using the frailty index (FI) or frailty phenotype (FP) assessments. Observational studies have indicated the association of frailty with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the shared genetic and biological mechanism of these comorbidity has not been studied. Methods: To assess the genetic relationship between AD and frailty, we examined it at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene, and pathway levels. Results: Overall, 16 genome-wide significant loci (15 unique loci) (p meta-analysis < 5 × 10-8) and 22 genes (21 unique genes) were identified between AD and frailty using cross-trait meta-analysis. The 8 shared loci implicated 11 genes: CLRN1-AS1, CRHR1, FERMT2, GRK4, LINC01929, LRFN2, MADD, RP11-368P15.1, RP11-166N6.2, RNA5SP459, and ZNF652 between AD and FI, and 8 shared loci between AD and FFS implicated 11 genes: AFF3, C1QTNF4, CLEC16A, FAM180B, FBXL19, GRK4, LINC01104, MAD1L1, RGS12, ZDHHC5, and ZNF521. The loci 4p16.3 (GRK4) was identified in both meta-analyses. The colocalization analysis supported the results of our meta-analysis in these loci. The gene-based analysis revealed 80 genes between AD and frailty, and 4 genes were initially identified in our meta-analyses: C1QTNF4, CRHR1, MAD1L1, and RGS12. The pathway analysis showed enrichment for lipoprotein particle plasma, amyloid fibril formation, protein kinase regulator, and tau protein binding. Conclusion: Overall, our results provide new insights into the genetics of AD and frailty, suggesting the existence of non-causal shared genetic mechanisms between these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Enduru
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brisa S. Fernandes
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Qi S, Peng Y, Wang G, Zhang X, Liu M, He L. A tale of dual functions of SERF family proteins in regulating amyloid formation. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300727. [PMID: 38100267 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of proteins is a significant pathological hallmark of diseases, such as the amyloid formation associated with fused in sarcoma protein (FUS) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases. Understanding which cellular components and how these components regulate the process of abnormal protein aggregation in living organisms is crucial for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. MOAG-4/SERF is a conserved family of proteins with rich positive charged residues, which was initially identified as an enhancer for the formation of amyloids in C. elegans. Knocking out SERF impedes the amyloid formation of various proteins, including α-synuclein and β-amyloid, which are linked to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, respectively. However, recent studies revealed SERF exhibited dual functions, as it could both promote and inhibit the fibril formation of the neurodegenerative disease-related amyloidogenic proteins. The connection between functions and structure basis of SERF in regulating the amyloid formation is still unclear. This review will outline the hallmark proteins in neurodegenerative diseases, summarize the contradictory role of the SERF protein family in promoting and inhibiting the aggregation of neurodegenerative proteins, and finally explore the potential structural basis and functional selectivity of the SERF protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wu Han Shi, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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3
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Lehmann DJ, Elshorbagy A, Hurley MJ. Many Paths to Alzheimer's Disease: A Unifying Hypothesis Integrating Biological, Chemical, and Physical Risk Factors. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1371-1382. [PMID: 37694367 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease. We should therefore expect to find many factors involved in its causation. The known neuropathology seen at autopsy in patients dying with AD is not consistently seen in all patients with AD and is sometimes seen in patients without dementia. This suggests that patients follow different paths to AD, with different people having slightly different combinations of predisposing physical, chemical and biologic risk factors, and varying neuropathology. This review summarizes what is known of the biologic and chemical predisposing factors and features in AD. We postulate that, underlying the neuropathology of AD is a progressive failure of neurons, with advancing age or other morbidity, to rid themselves of entropy, i.e., the disordered state resulting from brain metabolism. Understanding the diverse causes of AD may allow the development of new therapies targeted at blocking the paths that lead to dementia in each subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Lehmann
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Michael J Hurley
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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4
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Pinto M, Diaz F, Nissanka N, Guastucci CS, Illiano P, Brambilla R, Moraes CT. Adult-Onset Deficiency of Mitochondrial Complex III in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Decreases Amyloid Beta Plaque Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6552-6566. [PMID: 35969330 PMCID: PMC9464722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For decades, mitochondrial dysfunctions and the generation of reactive oxygen species have been proposed to promote the development and progression of the amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease, but this association is still debated. It is unclear whether different mitochondrial dysfunctions, such as oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and oxidative stress, are triggers or rather consequences of the formation of amyloid aggregates. Likewise, the role of the different mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in Alzheimer's patients' brain remains poorly understood. Previous studies showed that genetic ablation of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes from early age decreased amyloid pathology, which were unexpected results. To better model oxidative phosphorylation defects in aging, we induced the ablation of mitochondrial Complex III (CIIIKO) in forebrain neurons of adult mice with amyloid pathology. We found that mitochondrial Complex III dysfunction in adult neurons induced mild oxidative stress but did not increase amyloid beta accumulation. On the contrary, CIIIKO-AD mice showed decreased plaque number, decreased Aβ42 toxic fragment, and altered amyloid precursor protein clearance pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunctions alone, caused by oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, is not the cause of amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadee Nissanka
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chelsey S Guastucci
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Placido Illiano
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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5
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Lu LP, Chang WH, Huang JJ, Tan P, Tsai GE. Lithium Benzoate Exerts Neuroprotective Effect by Improving Mitochondrial Function, Attenuating Reactive Oxygen Species, and Protecting Cognition and Memory in an Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:557-575. [PMID: 36275418 PMCID: PMC9535606 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease affecting many cellular pathways, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and neuroinflammation. Currently, no effective treatment for AD exists. Objective: We aim to determine the effect of lithium benzoate (LiBen) in protecting neurons from amyloid-β (Aβ) or other neurotoxin insults. Methods: Primary rat cortical neurons co-treated with neurotoxins and LiBen were used to examine its effect in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance, and mitochondrial functions by MTT, CellRox fluorescence staining, and seahorse assay. Then, Barnes maze and prepulse inhibition test were performed in APP/PS1 mice that received chronic LiBen treatment to assess its effect on cognitive protection. Oral bioavailability of LiBen was also assessed by pharmacokinetic study in rat plasma. Results: In this study, we discovered that LiBen can attenuate cellular ROS level, improve mitochondrial function, increase cell viability against multiple different insults of mitochondrial dysfunction, Aβ accumulation, and neuroinflammation, and promote neurogenesis. We demonstrated that LiBen has advantages over lithium or sodium benzoate alone as LiBen displays superior neuroprotective efficacy and oral bioavailability than the other two agents when being applied either alone or in combination. Furthermore, chronic administration of LiBen showed protection for cognition as well as spatial memory and reduced the senile plaque deposition in brains of AD animal models. Conclusion: LiBen stands as a promising therapeutic agent for improving cognition and delaying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Lu
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Chang
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jia Huang
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guochuan Emil Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei, Taiwan
- UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Jung CG, Kato R, Zhou C, Abdelhamid M, Shaaban EIA, Yamashita H, Michikawa M. Sustained high body temperature exacerbates cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12273. [PMID: 35851831 PMCID: PMC9293958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a serious public health threat to people worldwide. High body temperature is one of the important risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the body temperature of AD patients has been found to be significantly higher than that of elderly control subjects. However, the effects of high body temperature on cognitive function and AD pathologies have not been completely elucidated. We report here that Tg2576 mice housed at a high ambient temperature of 30 °C for 13 months showed an increase in the body temperature, which is accompanied by memory impairment and an enhancement of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) generation through the upregulation of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) level and decrease in the level of an Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (NEP) in the brain, compared with those of Tg2576 mice at 23 °C. High body temperature also increased the levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), stress-stimulated kinases such as JNK, and total tau, leading to the enhancement of tau phosphorylation at 30 °C. Taken together, our findings suggest that high body temperature exacerbates cognitive function and AD pathologies, which provides a mechanistic insight for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha-Gyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mona Abdelhamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Esraa Ibrahim A Shaaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
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7
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Walia V, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Kumar K, Verma R, Parashar J, Akter R, Rahman MH, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Karthika C, Bhattacharya T, Chopra H, Ashraf GM. Delineation of Neuroprotective Effects and Possible Benefits of AntioxidantsTherapy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Diseases by Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species: Bench to Bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:657-680. [PMID: 34751889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the sixth leading cause of death in elderly patients and is characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration and impairment in memory, language, etc. AD is characterized by the deposition of senile plaque, accumulation of fibrils, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are responsible for neuronal degeneration. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a key role in the process of neuronal degeneration in the case of AD. It has been reported that Aβ is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depletion of endogenous antioxidants, increase in intracellular Ca2+ which further increases mitochondria dysfunctions, oxidative stress, release of pro-apoptotic factors, neuronal apoptosis, etc. Thus, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to counteract the oxidative damage conferred by ROS. Therefore, the antioxidant therapy may provide benefits and halt the progress of AD to advance stages by counteracting neuronal degeneration. However, despite the beneficial effects imposed by the antioxidants, the findings from the clinical studies suggested inconsistent results which might be due to poor study design, selection of the wrong antioxidant, inability of the molecule to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), treatment in the advanced state of disease, etc. The present review insights into the neuroprotective effects and limitations of the antioxidant therapy for the treatment of AD by targeting mitochondrial-derived ROS. This particular article will certainly help the researchers to search new avenues for the treatment of AD by utilizing mitochondrial-derived ROS-targeted antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Jatin Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehrandun, Uttarkhand, 248007, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Lin WC, Lee PL, Lu CH, Lin CP, Chou KH. Linking Stage-Specific Plasma Biomarkers to Gray Matter Atrophy in Parkinson Disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1444-1451. [PMID: 34045303 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The shortcomings of synucleinopathy-based Parkinson disease staging highlight the need for systematic clinicopathologic elucidation and biomarkers. In this study, we investigated associations of proteinopathy and inflammation markers with changes in gray matter volume that accompany Parkinson disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 42 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease, subdivided into early-/late-stage groups and 27 healthy controls. Parkinson disease severity and participants' functional and cognitive performance were evaluated. Peripheral plasma α-synuclein, β-amyloid42, and tau were quantified with immunomagnetic reduction assays, and nuclear DNA by polymerase chain reaction, and regional gray matter volumes were determined by MR imaging. Statistical tests identified stage-specific biomarkers and gray matter volume patterns in the early-stage Parkinson disease, late-stage Parkinson disease, and control groups. Correlations between gray matter volume atrophy, plasma biomarkers, Parkinson disease severity, and cognitive performance were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with Parkinson disease had significantly elevated α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid42 levels compared with controls; nuclear DNA levels were similar in early-stage Parkinson disease and controls, but higher in late-stage Parkinson disease (all P < .01). We identified 3 stage-specific gray matter volume atrophy patterns: 1) control > early-stage Parkinson disease = late-stage Parkinson disease: right midfrontal, left lingual, and fusiform gyri, left hippocampus, and cerebellum; 2) control > early-stage Parkinson disease > late-stage Parkinson disease: precentral, postcentral, parahippocampal, left superior-temporal, right temporal, right superior-frontal, and left cingulate gyri, occipital lobe, and bilateral parts of the cerebellum; 3) control = early-stage Parkinson disease > late-stage Parkinson disease: left midfrontal, superior-frontal and temporal, amygdala, and posterior cingulate gyri, caudate nucleus, and putamen. We discovered stage-specific correlations among proteinopathy, inflammation makers, topographic gray matter volume patterns, and cognitive performance that accompanied Parkinson disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Identifying associations linking peripheral plasma biomarkers, gray matter volume, and clinical status in Parkinson disease may facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve prognostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Lin
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (W.-C.L.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P-L Lee
- Institute of Neuroscience (P.-L.L., C.-P.L., K.-H.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lu
- Department of Neurology (C.-H.L.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-P Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience (P.-L.L., C.-P.L., K.-H.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (C.-P.L.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center (C.-P.L., K.-H.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-H Chou
- Institute of Neuroscience (P.-L.L., C.-P.L., K.-H.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center (C.-P.L., K.-H.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Ghotbeddin Z, Tabandeh MR, Pourmahdi Borujeni M, Fahimi Truski F, Zalaki Ghorbani Pour MR, Tabrizian L. Crocin mitigated cognitive impairment and brain molecular alterations induced by different intensities of prenatal hypoxia in neonatal rats. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02078. [PMID: 33586916 PMCID: PMC8035433 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain hypoxia has important role to the onset and progression of sporadic form of Alzheimer disease via expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Crocin by anti-amyloidogenic property inhibits β-amyloid formation. However, the molecular mechanism associated with anti-amyloidogenic activity of crocin is unknown. So, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of crocin on cognitive behavior and expression of HIF-1α and β-secretase (BACE1) genes in the brain of neonate rats following different intensities of hypoxia during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant female rats were divided into six groups including sham, control crocin treated (CC), hypoxia with three different intensities (H1-H3), and most intense of hypoxic group treated with crocin (H3C) (30 mg/kg; i.p) at P14. Hypoxia induced on the 20th day of pregnancy. Animals in sham and CC were put in hypoxia chamber at the same time of hypoxia group without any hypoxia induction. Morris water maze (MWM) and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the cognitive behavior and mRNA levels of BACE1 and HIF-1α genes in the brain tissues. RESULTS Animal under 7% O2 + 93% N2 condition for 3 hr showed the highest cognitive behavior impairment and upregulated HIF-1α and BACE1 mRNA in brains of offspring (p < .001). Crocin treatment improved memory impairment and attenuated the gene expression of HIF-1α and BACE1 in the brains of neonate rat. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that crocin has beneficial effects on the brain of neonate rats under gestational hypoxia by improvement of memory impairment and molecular alteration related to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pourmahdi Borujeni
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fahimi Truski
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Tabrizian
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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Cioffi F, Adam RHI, Broersen K. Molecular Mechanisms and Genetics of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:981-1017. [PMID: 31744008 PMCID: PMC6971833 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause dementia in elderly over 60 years of age. One of the disease hallmarks is oxidative stress which interconnects with other processes such as amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and tangle formation. This review discusses current thoughts on molecular mechanisms that may relate oxidative stress to Alzheimer’s disease and identifies genetic factors observed from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Hassan Ibrahim Adam
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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Development of Conformational Antibodies to Detect Bcl-xL's Amyloid Aggregates in Metal-Induced Apoptotic Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207625. [PMID: 33076337 PMCID: PMC7589975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL, a member of the Bcl-2 family, is a pro-survival protein involved in apoptosis regulation. We have previously reported the ability of Bcl-xL to form various types of fibers, from native to amyloid conformations. Here, we have mimicked the effect of apoptosis-induced caspase activity on Bcl-xL by limited proteolysis using trypsin. We show that cleaved Bcl-xL (ΔN-Bcl-xL) forms fibers that exhibit the features of amyloid structures (BclxLcf37). Moreover, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), produced by mouse immunization and directed against ΔN-Bcl-xL or Bcl-xL fibers, were selected and characterized. Our results show that these mAbs specifically target ΔN-Bcl-xL in amyloid fibers in vitro. Upon metal-stress-induced apoptosis, these mAbs are able to detect the presence of Bcl-xL in amyloid aggregates in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. In conclusion, these specific mAbs directed against amyloidogenic conformations of Bcl-xL constitute promising tools for studying, in vitro and in cellulo, the contribution of Bcl-xL in apoptosis. These mAbs may further help in developing new diagnostics and therapies, considering Bcl-xL as a strategic target for treating brain lesions relevant to stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Xu C, Xiao Z, Wu H, Zhou G, He D, Chang Y, Li Y, Wang G, Xie M. BDMC protects AD in vitro via AMPK and SIRT1. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:319-327. [PMID: 33335771 PMCID: PMC7712110 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without any satisfactory therapeutic approaches. AD is mainly characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death. Curcumin, with anti-oxidative stress (OS) and cell apoptosis properties, plays essential roles in AD. However, whether bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a derivative of curcumin, can exert a neuroprotective effect in AD remains to be elucidated. Methods In this study, SK-N-SH cells were used to establish an in vitro model to investigate the effects of BDMC on the Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity. SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with BDMC and with or without compound C and EX527 for 30 min after co-incubation with rotenone for 24 h. Subsequently, western blotting, cell viability assay and SOD and GSH activity measurement were performed. Results BDMC increased the cell survival, anti-OS ability, AMPK phosphorylation levels and SIRT1 in SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42. However, after treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and EX527, an SIRT1inhibitor, the neuroprotective roles of BDMC on SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42 were inhibited. Conclusion These results suggest that BDMC exerts a neuroprotective role on SK-N-SH cells in vitro via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, laying the foundation for the application of BDMC in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to AMPK/SIRT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.,Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jishou, Hunan 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijuan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanqun He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqian Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
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13
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van Dam L, Dansen TB. Cross-talk between redox signalling and protein aggregation. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:379-397. [PMID: 32311028 PMCID: PMC7200635 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that both an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS: i.e. O2•-, H2O2 and OH•), as well as protein aggregation, accompany ageing and proteinopathies such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, it is far from clear whether there is a causal relation between the two. This review describes how protein aggregation can be affected both by redox signalling (downstream of H2O2), as well as by ROS-induced damage, and aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of how redox signalling affects protein aggregation and vice versa. Redox signalling has been shown to play roles in almost every step of protein aggregation and amyloid formation, from aggregation initiation to the rapid oligomerization of large amyloids, which tend to be less toxic than oligomeric prefibrillar aggregates. We explore the hypothesis that age-associated elevated ROS production could be part of a redox signalling-dependent-stress response in an attempt to curb protein aggregation and minimize toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes van Dam
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias B. Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Cacciottolo M, Morgan TE, Saffari AA, Shirmohammadi F, Forman HJ, Sioutas C, Finch CE. Traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP-PM) promote neuronal amyloidogenesis through oxidative damage to lipid rafts. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:242-251. [PMID: 31883973 PMCID: PMC7075030 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution particulate matter (TRAP-PM) is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer Disease (AD). Rodent models respond to nano-sized TRAP-PM (nPM) with increased production of amyloid Aβ peptides, concurrently with oxidative damage. Because pro-Aβ processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) occurs on subcellular lipid rafts, we hypothesized that oxidative stress from nPM exposure would alter lipid rafts to favor Aβ production. This hypothesis was tested with J20 mice and N2a cells transgenic for hAPPswe (familial AD). Exposure of J20-APPswe mice to nPM for 150 h caused increased lipid oxidation (4-HNE) and increased the pro-amyloidogenic processing of APP in lipid raft fractions in cerebral cortex; the absence of these changes in cerebellum parallels the AD brain region selectivity for Aβ deposits. In vitro, nPM induced similar oxidative responses in N2a-APPswe cells, with dose-dependent production of NO, oxidative damage (4-HNE, 3NT), and lipid raft alterations of APP with increased Aβ peptides. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) attenuated nPM-induced oxidative damage and lipid raft alterations of APP processing. These findings identify neuronal lipid rafts as novel targets of oxidative damage in the pro-amyloidogenic effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Cacciottolo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arian A Saffari
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farimah Shirmohammadi
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Costantinos Sioutas
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Dornsife College, Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Beta-Amyloid Increases the Expression Levels of Tid1 Responsible for Neuronal Cell Death and Amyloid Beta Production. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1099-1114. [PMID: 31686372 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress play important roles in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which also involves the aberrant expression levels of mitochondrial proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the aberrant expression levels of these proteins in the pathogenesis of AD are still not completely understood. Tid1 (DnaJA3/mtHsp40), a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila tumor suppressor Tid56, is reported to induce mitochondrial fragmentation associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, resulting in cell death in some cancer cells. However, the involvement of Tid1 in AD pathogenesis is as yet unknown. In this study, we found that the Tid1 protein levels were upregulated in the hippocampus of AD patients and Tg2576 mice. Our in vitro studies showed that Aβ42 increased the expression levels of Tid1 in primary rat cortical neurons. The knockdown of Tid1 protected against neuronal cell death induced by Aβ42, and Tid1-mediated neuronal cell death, was dependent on the increased ROS generation and caspase-3 activity. The overexpression of Tid1 in HEK293-APP cells increased the BACE1 levels, resulting in increased Aβ production. Conversely, Tid1 knockdown in HEK293-APP cells and primary cultured neurons decreased Aβ production through the reduction in the BACE1 levels. We also found that the overexpression of Tid1 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) leading to increased Aβ production. Taken together, our results suggest that upregulated Tid1 levels in the hippocampus of patients with AD and Tg2576 mice induce apoptosis and increase Aβ production, and Tid1 may therefore be a suitable target in therapeutic interventions for AD.
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16
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Down syndrome: Neurobiological alterations and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:234-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Bhatia S, Kim WS, Shepherd CE, Halliday GM. Apolipoprotein D Upregulation in Alzheimer's Disease but Not Frontotemporal Dementia. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:125-132. [PMID: 30467822 PMCID: PMC6344390 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the two common forms of dementia. FTD syndromes are characterized by lobar atrophy (frontotemporal lobar degeneration or FTLD) and the presence of either cellular TDP43 (FTLD-TDP), tau (FTLD-tau), or FUS aggregates, while extracellular β-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles develop in AD. Oxidative stress can induce these pathological modifications in disease models, and is thought to play a role in these syndromes. Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is a glial-expressed lipocalin known to protect against oxidative stress, with increased levels in AD, supporting a protective role. The expression of apoD has not been studied in FTLD. This study assesses apoD expression in FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau in comparison to AD and controls. It also analyzes the effect of apoD on TARDBP (TDP43 gene) and β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). The expression of apoD was analyzed by Western blotting in FTLD-TDP, FTLD-tau, AD, and control post-mortem brain tissue. An apoD-overexpressing cell model was used to study the impact of increased apoD on APP and TARDBP expression. We confirm that apoD expression was increased in AD but surprisingly it was not affected in either of the two main pathological forms of FTLD. Under oxidative stress conditions, apoD had no effect on TDP43 expression but it did decrease APP expression. This suggests that apoD does not act as a neuroprotective factor in FTLD in the same way as in AD. This could contribute to the more rapid degeneration observed in FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhatia
- Central Clinical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Central Clinical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire E Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Central Clinical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Mitra S, Prasad P, Chakraborty S. A Unified View of Assessing the Pro-oxidant versus Antioxidant Nature of Amyloid Beta Conformers. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2360-2371. [PMID: 30151968 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative stress is a widespread concern in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact role of amyloid beta oligomers towards oxidative stress is widely debated. Assessing the oxidative nature of the oligomers in vitro is complicated by the different experimental conditions under which they are prepared. We have investigated Cu2+ -catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by using oligomers prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (AβO-PBS ) and in cell culture medium (AβO-CCM ), and compared their activities with respect to the monomers and fibrils prepared at neutral and acidic pH. Although both are deca- to dodecamers, the AβO-PBS oligomers have a spherical morphology and are smaller than the AβO-CCM . The AβO-PBS behaved as pro-oxidants; in contrast, AβO-CCM quench OH. generation attributed to CCM itself. Although the pro-oxidant oligomers showed oxidation, they also partially protect themselves from radical damage and maintain their overall spherical arrangement. The monomers and fibrils manifested antioxidant properties: radical scavenging as opposed to redox silencing. A dual role of Aβ species depending on the stage of the disease is proposed. In the earlier stages, the monomers can act as antioxidants, whereas at the later stages, the oligomers take on a pro-oxidant role. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, bound Cu2+ in 2:1 ratio and abolished ROS production in all Aβ species. It also distinctly modified the folding landscape of Aβ species into new or altered morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 305 Coulter Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 305 Coulter Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 305 Coulter Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
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19
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A Bifunctional Anti-Amyloid Blocks Oxidative Stress and the Accumulation of Intraneuronal Amyloid-Beta. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082010. [PMID: 30103547 PMCID: PMC6222334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition regarding the role of intracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) in the Alzheimer’s disease process, which has been linked with aberrant signaling and the disruption of protein degradation mechanisms. Most notably, intraneuronal Aβ likely underlies the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that have been identified as key elements of disease progression. In this study, we employed fluorescence imaging to explore the ability of a bifunctional small molecule to reduce aggregates of intracellular Aβ and attenuate oxidative stress. Structurally, this small molecule is comprised of a nitroxide spin label linked to an amyloidophilic fluorene and is known as spin-labeled fluorene (SLF). The effect of the SLF on intracellular Aβ accumulation and oxidative stress was measured in MC65 cells, a human neuronal cell line with inducible expression of the amyloid precursor protein and in the N2a neuronal cell line treated with exogenous Aβ. Super-resolution microscopy imaging showed SLF decreases the accumulation of intracellular Aβ. Confocal microscopy imaging of MC65 cells treated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive dye demonstrated SLF significantly reduces the intracellular Aβ-induced ROS signal. In order to determine the contributions of the separate SLF moieties to these protective activities, experiments were also carried out on cells with nitroxides lacking the Aβ targeting domain or fluorene derivatives lacking the nitroxide functionality. The findings support a synergistic effect of SLF in counteracting both the conformational toxicity of both endogenous and exogenous Aβ, its promotion of ROS, and Aβ metabolism. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate an intimate link between ROS production and Aβ oligomer formation.
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20
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Yagami T, Yamamoto Y, Koma H. Pathophysiological Roles of Intracellular Proteases in Neuronal Development and Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3090-3112. [PMID: 30097848 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are classified into six distinct classes (cysteine, serine, threonine, aspartic, glutamic, and metalloproteases) on the basis of catalytic mechanism. The cellular control of protein quality senses misfolded or damaged proteins principally by selective ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and non-selective autophagy-lysosome pathway. The two pathways do not only maintain cell homeostasis physiologically, but also mediate necrosis and apoptosis pathologically. Proteasomes are threonine proteases, whereas cathepsins are lysosomal aspartic proteases. Calpains are non-lysosomal cysteine proteases and calcium-dependent papain-like enzyme. Calpains and cathepsins are involved in the neuronal necrosis, which are accidental cell death. Necrosis is featured by the disruption of plasma membranes and lysosomes, the loss of ATP and ribosomes, the lysis of cell and nucleus, and the caspase-independent DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, caspases are cysteine endoproteases and mediate neuronal cell death such as apoptosis and pyroptosis, which are programmed cell death. In the central nervous system, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagic cell death are also classified into programmed cell death. Neuronal apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, karyorrhexis, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Necroptosis and pyroptosis are necrotic and lytic forms of programmed cell death, respectively. Although autophagy is involved in cell survival, it fails to maintain cellular homeostasis, resulting in autophagic cell death. Ferroptosis is induced by reactive oxygen species in excitotoxicity of glutamate and ischemia-reperfusion. Apoptosis and pyroptosis are dependent on caspase-3 and caspase-1, respectively. Autophagic cell death and necroptosis are dependent on calpain and cathepsin, respectively, but independent of caspase. Although apoptosis has been defined by the absence of morphological features of necrosis, the two deaths are both parts of a continuum. The intracellular proteases do not only maintain cell homeostasis but also regulate neuronal maturation during the development of embryonic brain. Furthermore, neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the impairment of quality control mechanisms for a proper folding and function of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiromi Koma
- Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21; DS) is a unique disease known to be associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The initial presentation of AD in DS is usually difficult to recognize, owing to the underlying intellectual disabilities. Using biomarkers as a prediction tool for detecting AD in at-risk people with DS may benefit patient care. The objective of this review is to discuss the utility of biomarkers in DS on the basis of the pathophysiology of the disease and to provide an update on recent studies in this field. Only through the comprehensive assessment of clinical symptoms, imaging studies, and biomarker analyses can people with DS who are at risk for AD be diagnosed early. Studies for biomarkers of AD in DS have focused on the common pathophysiology of AD in people with DS and in the general population. The most extensively studied biomarkers are amyloid and tau. Owing to the nature of amyloid precursor protein overproduction in DS, the baseline β-amyloid (Aβ) plasma levels are higher than those in controls. Hence, the changes in Aβ are considered to be a predictive marker for AD in DS. In addition, other markers related to telomere length, neuroinflammation, and methylation have been investigated for their correlation with AD progression. Future studies including different ethnic groups may be helpful to collect sufficient data to monitor drug safety and efficacy, stratify patients at risk for AD, and quantify the benefit of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Zhang Y, Song W. Islet amyloid polypeptide: Another key molecule in Alzheimer's pathogenesis? Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:100-120. [PMID: 28274676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence reveals that patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often experience a significant decline in cognitive function, and approximately 70% of those cases eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although several pathological processes are shared by AD and T2DM, the exact molecular mechanisms connecting these two diseases are poorly understood. Aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), the pathological hallmark of T2DM, has also been detected in brain tissue and is associated with cognitive decline and AD development. In addition, hIAPP and amyloid β protein (Aβ) share many biophysical and physiological properties as well as exert similar cytotoxic mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to examine the possible role of hIAPP in the pathogenesis of AD. In this article, we introduce the basics on this amyloidogenic protein. More importantly, we discuss the potential mechanisms of hIAPP-induced AD development, which will be beneficial for proposing novel and feasible strategies to optimize AD prevention and/or treatment in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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23
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Hou Y, Song H, Croteau DL, Akbari M, Bohr VA. Genome instability in Alzheimer disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:83-94. [PMID: 27105872 PMCID: PMC5195918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Autosomal dominant, familial AD (fAD) is very rare and caused by mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN-1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN-2) genes. The pathogenesis of sporadic AD (sAD) is more complex and variants of several genes are associated with an increased lifetime risk of AD. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA integrity is pivotal during neuronal development, maintenance and function. DNA damage and alterations in cellular DNA repair capacity have been implicated in the aging process and in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. These findings are supported by research using animal models of AD and in DNA repair deficient animal models. In recent years, novel mechanisms linking DNA damage to neuronal dysfunction have been identified and have led to the development of noninvasive treatment strategies. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms connecting DNA damage to AD pathology may help to develop novel treatment strategies for this debilitating disease. Here we provide an overview of the role of genome instability and DNA repair deficiency in AD pathology and discuss research strategies that include genome instability as a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hyundong Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, SUND, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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24
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 pathway. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:23-32. [PMID: 27887985 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) shows protective effect against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. The present study was conducted to explore the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effect of IGF-1 against Aβ-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that pretreatment with IGF-1 attenuated Aβ25-35-induced loss of cell viability and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, IGF-1 inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the antioxidant activity in Aβ25-35-treated cells. Further, IGF-1 significantly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and upregulated the expression of its downstream gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, was found to completely abolish the protective effect of IGF-1 on Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis and ROS generation. Together, our findings suggest that IGF-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ25-35-induced cell injury by scavenging ROS via the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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25
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Chaiswing L, Cole MP, St Clair DK, Ittarat W, Szweda LI, Oberley TD. Oxidative Damage Precedes Nitrative Damage in Adriamycin-Induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Injury. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:536-47. [PMID: 15605432 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490502601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine if elevated reactive oxygen (ROS)/nitrogen species (RNS) reported to be present in adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiotoxicity actually resulted in cardiomyocyte oxidative/nitrative damage, and to quantitatively determine the time course and subcellular localization of these postulated damage products using an in vivo approach. B6C3 mice were treated with a single dose of 20 mg/kg ADR. Ultrastructural damage and levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE)-protein adducts and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) were analyzed. Quantitative ultrastructural damage using computerized image techniques showed cardiomyocyte injury as early as 3 hours, with mitochondria being the most extensively and progressively injured subcellular organelle. Analysis of 4HNE protein adducts by immunogold electron microscopy showed appearance of 4HNE protein adducts in mitochondria as early as 3 hours, with a peak at 6 hours and subsequent decline at 24 hours. 3NT levels were significantly increased in all subcellular compartments at 6 hours and subsequently declined at 24 hours. Our data showed ADR induced 4HNE-protein adducts in mitochondria at the same time point as when mitochondrial injury initially appeared. These results document for the first time in vivo that mitochondrial oxidative damage precedes nitrative damage. The progressive nature of mitochondrial injury suggests that mitochondria, not other subcellular organelles, are the major site of intracellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital and University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison WI 53705, USA
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Martinez-Useros J, Garcia-Foncillas J. Obesity and colorectal cancer: molecular features of adipose tissue. J Transl Med 2016; 14:21. [PMID: 26801617 PMCID: PMC4722674 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The huge part of population in developed countries is overweight or obese. Obesity is often determined by body mass index (BMI) but new accurate methods and ratios have recently appeared to measure body fat or fat located in the intestines. Early diagnosis of obesity is crucial since it is considered an increasing colorectal cancer risk factor. On the one hand, colorectal cancer has been strongly associated with lifestyle factors. A diet rich in red and processed meats may increase colorectal cancer risk; however, high-fiber diets (grains, cereals and fruits) have been associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. Other life-style factors associated with obesity that also increase colorectal cancer risk are physical inactivity, smoking and high alcohol intake. Cutting-edge studies reported that high-risk transformation ability of adipose tissue is due to production of different pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-8, IL-6 or IL-2 and other enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Furthermore, oxidative stress produces fatty-acid peroxidation whose metabolites possess very high toxicities and mutagenic properties. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is an active compounds that upregulates prostaglandin E2 which is directly associated with high proliferative colorectal cancer. Moreover, 4-HNE deregulates cell proliferation, cell survival, differentiation, autophagy, senescence, apoptosis and necrosis via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA)—AKT and protein kinase C pathways. Other product of lipid peroxidation is malondialdehyde (MDA) being able to regulate insulin through WNT-pathway as well as having demonstrated its mutagenic capability. Accumulation of point mutation enables genomic evolution of colorectal cancer described in the model of Fearon and Vogelstein. In this review, we will summarize different determination methods and techniques to assess a truthfully diagnosis and we will explain some of the capabilities that performs adipocytes as the largest endocrine organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, FIIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Av. Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, FIIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Av. Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Kumar A, Ekavali, Mishra J, Chopra K, Dhull DK. Possible role of P-glycoprotein in the neuroprotective mechanism of berberine in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:137-52. [PMID: 26446867 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The therapeutic potential of berberine has been well documented in various neurological problems. However, the neurological mechanism of berberine remains untapped in the light of its P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated gut efflux properties responsible for reduced bioavailability. Verapamil, a well known L-type calcium channel blocker, has additional inhibitory activity against P-gp efflux pump. Thus, there is a strong scientific rationale to explore the interaction of berberine with verapamil as a possible neuroprotective strategy. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of berberine, verapamil, and their combination on behavioral alterations, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and histopathological modifications in intracerebroventricular streptozocin (ICV-STZ)-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type in rats. METHODS Single bilateral ICV-STZ (3 mg/kg) administration was used as an experimental model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type. RESULTS Berberine (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, oral gavage) or verapamil (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were used as treatment drugs, and memantine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was used as a standard. Berberine and verapamil significantly attenuated behavioral, biochemical, cellular, and histological alterations, suggesting their neuroprotective potential. Further, treatment of berberine (25 and 50 mg/kg) with verapamil (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) combinations respectively significantly potentiated their neuroprotective effect which was significant as compared to their effect per se in ICV-STZ-treated animals. CONCLUSION The augmentative outcome of verapamil on the neuroprotective effect of berberine can be speculated due to the inhibition of P-gp efflux mechanism and the prevention of calcium homeostasis alteration. Additionally, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of both berberine and verapamil could also contribute in their protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ekavali
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jitendriya Mishra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Lane RK, Hilsabeck T, Rea SL. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1847:1387-400. [PMID: 26050974 PMCID: PMC10481969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aging process is accompanied by the onset of disease and a general decline in wellness. Insights into the aging process have revealed a number of cellular hallmarks of aging, among these epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion. Mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly appears to be a common factor connecting several of these hallmarks, driving the aging process and afflicting tissues throughout the body. Recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in the cell than has previously been appreciated and revealed novel ways in which mitochondrial defects feed into disease pathology. In this review we evaluate ways in which problems in mitochondria contribute to disease beyond the well-known mechanisms of oxidative stress and bioenergetic deficits, and we predict the direction that mitochondrial disease research will take in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Lane
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Tyler Hilsabeck
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Shane L Rea
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Li H, Ruberu K, Muñoz SS, Jenner AM, Spiro A, Zhao H, Rassart E, Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD, Karl T, Garner B. Apolipoprotein D modulates amyloid pathology in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mice. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1820-33. [PMID: 25784209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is expressed in the brain and levels are increased in affected brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The role that apoD may play in regulating AD pathology has not been addressed. Here, we crossed both apoD-null mice and Thy-1 human apoD transgenic mice with APP-PS1 amyloidogenic AD mice. Loss of apoD resulted in a nearly 2-fold increase in hippocampal amyloid plaque load, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Conversely, transgenic expression of neuronal apoD reduced hippocampal plaque load by approximately 35%. This latter finding was associated with a 60% decrease in amyloid β 1-40 peptide levels, and a 34% decrease in insoluble amyloid β 1-42 peptide. Assessment of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) levels and proteolytic products of amyloid precursor protein and neuregulin-1 point toward a possible association of altered BACE1 activity in association with altered apoD levels. In conclusion, the current studies provide clear evidence that apoD regulates amyloid plaque pathology in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Li
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kalani Ruberu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanz Muñoz
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M Jenner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adena Spiro
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Hua Zhao
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Rassart
- Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; BioMed, centre de recherches biomédicales, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología - Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología - Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Tim Karl
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim M. New approaches to treating Alzheimer's disease. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 7:1-8. [PMID: 25733799 PMCID: PMC4327405 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, no truly efficacious drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been developed; moreover, all new anti-AD drugs developed since 2003 have failed. To succeed where previous ones have failed in drug development, new approaches for AD therapy are needed. Here we discuss the potential application of network medicine as a new approach to AD treatment. Unlike traditional approaches focused on a single target/pathway, network medicine targets and restores disease-disrupted networks through simultaneous modulation of numerous proteins (targets)/pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. We consider several drug candidates under development for AD therapy, including Keap1–Nrf2 regulators, endogenous neurogenic agents, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activators. These drug candidates are multi-target ligands with the potential to further develop as network medicines, since they act as master regulators to initiate a broad range of cellular defense mechanisms/cytoprotective genes that exert their efficacy in a holistic way. We also explore their diverse mechanisms of action and potential disease-modifying effects, which may have profound implications for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Intra-cellular Therapies Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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31
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Ow SY, Dunstan DE. A brief overview of amyloids and Alzheimer's disease. Protein Sci 2014; 23:1315-31. [PMID: 25042050 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are self-assembled fibrous protein aggregates that are associated with a number of presently incurable diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Millions of people worldwide suffer from amyloid diseases. This review summarizes the unique cross-β structure of amyloid fibrils, morphological variations, the kinetics of amyloid fibril formation, and the cytotoxic effects of these fibrils and oligomers. Alzheimer's disease is also explored as an example of an amyloid disease to show the various approaches to treat these amyloid diseases. Finally, this review investigates the nanotechnological and biological applications of amyloid fibrils; as well as a summary of the typical biological pathways involved in the disposal of amyloid fibrils and their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian-Yang Ow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [PMID: 24999379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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33
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [PMID: 24999379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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34
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [PMID: 24999379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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35
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [PMID: 24999379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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36
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [PMID: 24999379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438"] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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37
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [PMID: 24999379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438-- or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:360438. [PMID: 24999379 PMCID: PMC4066722 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2994] [Impact Index Per Article: 299.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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39
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Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:271-81. [PMID: 24664866 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating disease of the elderly. The brain is more vulnerable than other organs to oxidative stress, and most of the components of neurons (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) can be oxidized in AD due to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased metal levels, inflammation, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Oxidative stress participates in the development of AD by promoting Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and the subsequent loss of synapses and neurons. The relationship between oxidative stress and AD suggests that oxidative stress is an essential part of the pathological process, and antioxidants may be useful for AD treatment.
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Handattu SP, Monroe CE, Nayyar G, Palgunachari MN, Kadish I, van Groen T, Anantharamaiah GM, Garber DW. In vivo and in vitro effects of an apolipoprotein e mimetic peptide on amyloid-β pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 36:335-47. [PMID: 23603398 DOI: 10.3233/jad-122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the major apolipoprotein present in the high-density lipoprotein-like particles in the central nervous system (CNS). ApoE is involved in various protective functions in CNS including cholesterol transport, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. An ApoE peptide would be expected to exert protective effects on neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of an ApoE mimetic peptide Ac-hE18A-NH2 on amyloid-β pathology. METHOD Using human APP/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice and in vitro studies, we have evaluated the effect of an ApoE mimetic peptide, Ac-hE18A-NH2, on amyloid plaque deposition and inflammation. RESULTS Administration of Ac-hE18A-NH2 to APP/PS1ΔE9 mice for 6 weeks (50 μg/mouse, 3 times a week) significantly improved cognition with a concomitant decrease in amyloid plaque deposition and reduced activated microglia and astrocytes, and increased brain ApoE levels. Oligomeric Aβ42 (oAβ42) and oxidized PAPC (ox-PAPC) inhibited secretion of ApoE in U251 cells, a human astrocyte cell line, and this effect was ameliorated in the presence of peptide Ac-hE18A-NH2. The peptide also increased Aβ42 uptake in a cell line of human macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Peptide Ac-hE18A-NH2 attenuates the effects of oxidative stress on ApoE secretion, inhibits amyloid plaque deposition, and thus could be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila P Handattu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: why did antioxidant therapy fail? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:427318. [PMID: 24669288 PMCID: PMC3941783 DOI: 10.1155/2014/427318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, with increasing prevalence and no disease-modifying treatment available yet. A remarkable amount of data supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress is an early and important pathogenic operator in AD. However, all clinical studies conducted to date did not prove a clear beneficial effect of antioxidant treatment in AD patients. In the current work, we review the current knowledge about oxidative stress in AD pathogeny and we suggest future paths that are worth to be explored in animal models and clinical studies, in order to get a better approach of oxidative imbalance in this inexorable neurodegenerative disease.
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Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438 and (select 9530 from(select count(*),concat(0x716b6b7171,(select (elt(9530=9530,1))),0x7178627171,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438 and 3210=8912#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438 and (select 2*(if((select * from (select concat(0x716b6b7171,(select (elt(2002=2002,1))),0x7178627171,0x78))s), 8446744073709551610, 8446744073709551610)))# uwfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/360438 or (select 4688 from(select count(*),concat(0x716b6b7171,(select (elt(4688=4688,1))),0x7178627171,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews ofin vivomammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
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