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Dong Z, Yang S, Dong X, Yang Y, Yan X, Su J, Tang C, Yao L, Kan Y. Characteristics, Protein Engineering, Heterologous Production, and Industrial Applications of Microbial Isoamylases. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- College of Physical Education Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Yongna Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Xueting Yan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Jiejie Su
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Cunduo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
- China‐UK‐NYNU‐RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan 473061 China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Region of Mid‐line of South‐to‐North Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
- China‐UK‐NYNU‐RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan 473061 China
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Microbial starch debranching enzymes: Developments and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 50:107786. [PMID: 34147588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch debranching enzymes (SDBEs) hydrolyze the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as starch, amylopectin, pullulan and glycogen. SDBEs are also important enzymes for the preparation of sugar syrup, resistant starch and cyclodextrin. As the synergistic catalysis of SDBEs and other starch-acting hydrolases can effectively improve the raw material utilization and production efficiency during starch processing steps such as saccharification and modification, they have attracted substantial research interest in the past decades. The substrate specificities of the two major members of SDBEs, pullulanases and isoamylases, are quite different. Pullulanases generally require at least two α-1,4 linked glucose units existing on both sugar chains linked by the α-1,6 bond, while isoamylases require at least three units of α-1,4 linked glucose. SDBEs mainly belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 and 57. Except for GH57 type II pullulanse, GH13 pullulanases and isoamylases share plenty of similarities in sequence and structure of the core catalytic domains. However, the N-terminal domains, which might be one of the determinants contributing to the substrate binding of SDBEs, are distinct in different enzymes. In order to overcome the current defects of SDBEs in catalytic efficiency, thermostability and expression level, great efforts have been made to develop effective enzyme engineering and fermentation strategies. Herein, the diverse biochemical properties and distinct features in the sequence and structure of pullulanase and isoamylase from different sources are summarized. Up-to-date developments in the enzyme engineering, heterologous production and industrial applications of SDBEs is also reviewed. Finally, research perspective which could help understanding and broadening the applications of SDBEs are provided.
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Ghosh B, Lahiri D, Nag M, Dash S, Ray RR. Bio characterization of purified isoamylase fromRhizopus oryzae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:453-459. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1706561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banita Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudipta Dash
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata, India
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Park YU, Jung JH, Seo DH, Jung DH, Kim JH, Seo EJ, Baek NI, Park CS. GH57 amylopullulanase from Desulfurococcus amylolyticus JCM 9188 can make highly branched cyclodextrin via its transglycosylation activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 114:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li Z, Ji K, Zhou J, Ye X, Wang T, Luo X, Huang Y, Cao H, Cui Z, Kong Y. A debranching enzyme IsoM of Corallococcus sp. strain EGB with potential in starch processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1300-1309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Hu L, Zheng Y, Peng Y, Yao C, Zhang H. The optimization of isoamylase processing conditions for the preparation of high-amylose ginkgo starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cheng K, Zhang F, Sun F, Chen H, Percival Zhang YH. Doubling Power Output of Starch Biobattery Treated by the Most Thermostable Isoamylase from an Archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13184. [PMID: 26289411 PMCID: PMC4542469 DOI: 10.1038/srep13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobattery, a kind of enzymatic fuel cells, can convert organic compounds (e.g., glucose, starch) to electricity in a closed system without moving parts. Inspired by natural starch metabolism catalyzed by starch phosphorylase, isoamylase is essential to debranch alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds of starch, yielding linear amylodextrin – the best fuel for sugar-powered biobattery. However, there is no thermostable isoamylase stable enough for simultaneous starch gelatinization and enzymatic hydrolysis, different from the case of thermostable alpha-amylase. A putative isoamylase gene was mined from megagenomic database. The open reading frame ST0928 from a hyperthermophilic archaeron Sulfolobus tokodaii was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was easily purified by heat precipitation at 80 oC for 30 min. This enzyme was characterized and required Mg2+ as an activator. This enzyme was the most stable isoamylase reported with a half lifetime of 200 min at 90 oC in the presence of 0.5 mM MgCl2, suitable for simultaneous starch gelatinization and isoamylase hydrolysis. The cuvett-based air-breathing biobattery powered by isoamylase-treated starch exhibited nearly doubled power outputs than that powered by the same concentration starch solution, suggesting more glucose 1-phosphate generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.,Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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Enhancing the cyclodextrin production by synchronous utilization of isoamylase and α-CGTase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3467-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim MK, Barman DN, Kang TH, Kim JH, Kim H, Yun HD. Cloning and Characterization of Cellulase Gene (cel5C) from Cow Rumen Metagenomic Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2012.22.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cho KM, Lim WJ, Math RK, Asraful Islam SM, Hong SJ, Kim H, Yun HD. Comparative analysis of the glg operons of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 and other prokaryotes. J Mol Evol 2008; 67:1-12. [PMID: 18594899 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-008-9103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A chromosomal region of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 that contains of genes for glycogen synthesis was isolated from a cosmid library. The operon consists of glycogen branching enzyme (glgB), glycogen debranching enzyme (glgX), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), glycogen synthase (glgA), and glycogen phosphorylase (glgP) genes. Gene organization is similar to that of Escherichia coli. The purified ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (GlgC) was activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and inhibited by AMP. The constructed glgX::Omega mutant failed to integrate into the chromosome of P. chrysanthemi by marker exchange. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA and the amino acid sequence of Glg enzymes showed correlation with other bacteria. gamma-Proteobacteria have the glgX gene instead of the bacilli glgD gene in the glg operon. The possible evolutionary implications of the results among the prokaryotes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye Man Cho
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Cho KM, Kim EJ, Math RK, Asraful Islam SM, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Shin KJ, Lee YH, Kim H, Yun HD. Cloning of Isoamylase Gene of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum LY34 and Identification of Essential Residues of Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2007.17.9.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fang TY, Tseng WC, Yu CJ, Shih TY. Characterization of the thermophilic isoamylase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lim WJ, Park SR, An CL, Lee JY, Hong SY, Shin EC, Kim EJ, Kim JO, Kim H, Yun HD. Cloning and characterization of a thermostable intracellular α-amylase gene from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima MSB8. Res Microbiol 2003; 154:681-7. [PMID: 14643406 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2003.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding an intracellular alpha-amylase, AmyB (TM1650), from Thermotoga maritima MSB8, a hyperthermophilic bacterium, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The AmyB enzyme hydrolyzed alpha-1,4 starch linkage. The amyB gene is 1269 bp in length, encoding a protein of 422 amino acids (calculated molecular mass of 50187 Da). The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 50000 Da by SDS-PAGE after starch-nondenaturing-PAGE. The amino acid sequence of AmyB showed less than 12% identity to other amylases, but contained four regions that are highly conserved among alpha-amylases. The AmyB alpha-amylase exhibited maximal enzymatic activity at pH 7.0 and its optimum temperature for activity was 70 degrees C. Like the alpha-amylases of many other organisms, the thermostability of T. maritima MSB8 alpha-amylase, AmyB expressed in E. coli was enhanced in the presence of Ca(2+) (10 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 660-701, Chinju, Republic of Korea
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Lim WJ, Park SR, Kim MK, An CL, Yun HJ, Hong SY, Kim EJ, Shin EC, Lee SW, Lim YP, Yun HD. Cloning and characterization of the glycogen branching enzyme gene existing in tandem with the glycogen debranching enzyme from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 300:93-101. [PMID: 12480526 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The glycogen branching enzyme gene (glgB) from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The glgB gene consisted of an open reading frame of 2196bp encoding a protein of 731 amino acids (calculated molecular weight of 83,859Da). The glgB gene is upstream of glgX and the ORF starts the ATG initiation codon and ends with the TGA stop codon at 2bp upstream of glgX. The enzyme was 43-69% sequence identical with other glycogen branching enzymes. The enzyme is the most similar to GlgB of E. coli and contained the four regions conserved among the alpha-amylase family. The glycogen branching enzyme (GlgB) was purified and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 84kDa by SDS-PAGE. The glycogen branching enzyme was optimally active at pH 7 and 30 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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