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Khan F, Khan S, Rana N, Rahim T, Arshad A, Khan I, Ogaly HA, Ahmed DAEM, Dera AA, Zaib S. Mutational analysis of consanguineous families and their targeted therapy against dwarfism. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38321911 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2307446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a medical term used to describe individuals with a height-vertex measurement that falls below two standard deviations (-2SD) or the third percentile for their gender and age. Normal development of growth is a complicated dynamic procedure that depends upon the coordination of different aspects involving diet, genetics, and biological aspects like hormones in equilibrium. Any severe or acute pathologic procedure may disturb the individual's normal rate of growth. In this research, we examined four (A-D) Pakistani consanguineous families that exhibited syndromic dwarfism, which was inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The genomic DNA of each family member was extracted by using phenol-chloroform and Kit methods. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of affected family members (IV-11, III-5, IV-4 and III-13) from each group was performed at the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium. After filtering the exome data, the mutations in PPM1F, FGFR3, ERCC2, and PCNT genes were determined by Sanger sequencing of each gene by using specific primers. Afterward, FGFR3 was found to be a suitable drug target among all the mutations to treat achondroplasia also known as disproportionate dwarfism. BioSolveIT softwares were used to discover the lead active inhibitory molecule against FGFR3. This research will not only provide short knowledge to the concerned pediatricians, researchers, and family physicians for the preliminary assessment and management of the disorder but also provide a lead inhibitor for the treatment of disproportionate dwarfism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Khan
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sarmir Khan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Rahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sbiera I, Kircher S, Altieri B, Fassnacht M, Kroiss M, Sbiera S. Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers in Adrenocortical Tissues: How Mesenchymal Are Adrenocortical Tissues? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1736. [PMID: 33917436 PMCID: PMC8038668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinically relevant proportion of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) cases shows a tendency to metastatic spread. The objective was to determine whether the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a mechanism associated with metastasizing in several epithelial cancers, might play a crucial role in ACC. 138 ACC, 29 adrenocortical adenomas (ACA), three normal adrenal glands (NAG), and control tissue samples were assessed for the expression of epithelial (E-cadherin and EpCAM) and mesenchymal (N-cadherin, SLUG and SNAIL) markers by immunohistochemistry. Using real-time RT-PCR we quantified the alternative isoform splicing of FGFR 2 and 3, another known indicator of EMT. We also assessed the impact of these markers on clinical outcome. Results show that both normal and neoplastic adrenocortical tissues lacked expression of epithelial markers but strongly expressed mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and SLUG. FGFR isoform splicing confirmed higher similarity of adrenocortical tissues to mesenchymal compared to epithelial tissues. In ACC, higher SLUG expression was associated with clinical markers indicating aggressiveness, while N-cadherin expression inversely associated with these markers. In conclusion, we could not find any indication of EMT as all adrenocortical tissues lacked expression of epithelial markers and exhibited closer similarity to mesenchymal tissues. However, while N-cadherin might play a positive role in tissue structure upkeep, SLUG seems to be associated with a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.S.); (B.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute for Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.S.); (B.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.S.); (B.A.); (M.F.)
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.S.); (B.A.); (M.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.S.); (B.A.); (M.F.)
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Guibert M, Gasser A, Kempf H, Bianchi A. Fibroblast-growth factor 23 promotes terminal differentiation of ATDC5 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174969. [PMID: 28406928 PMCID: PMC5390990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) is well documented as a crucial player in the systemic regulation of phosphate homeostasis. Moreover, loss-of-function experiments have revealed that FGF23 also has a phosphate-independent and local impact on skeletogenesis. Here, we used ATDC5 cell line to investigate the expression of FGF23 and the role it may play locally during the differentiation of these cells. Methods ATDC5 cells were differentiated in the presence of insulin, and treated with recombinant FGF23 (rFGF23), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and/or PD173074, an inhibitor of FGF receptors (FGFRs). The mRNA expressions of FGF23, FGFRs and markers of hypertophy, Col X and MMP13, were determined by qPCR analysis and FGF23 production was assessed by ELISA. FGFR activation was determined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Results FGF23 mRNA expression and production were increased during ATDC5 differentiation. At D28 in particular, rFGF23 stimulation increased hypertrophic markers expression, as Col X and MMP13, and mineralization. A synergic effect of Pi and rFGF23 stimulation was observed on these markers and on the mineralization process. The use of PD173074, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, decreased terminal differentiation of ATDC5 by preventing rFGF23 pro-hypertrophic effects. Conclusions Altogether, our results provide evidence that FGF23 plays an important role during differentiation of ATDC5 cell line, by promoting both hypertrophy and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Guibert
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine « Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire » (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- * E-mail: (AB); (MG)
| | - Adeline Gasser
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine « Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire » (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Hervé Kempf
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine « Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire » (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine « Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire » (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- * E-mail: (AB); (MG)
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Gong SG. Isoforms of Receptors of Fibroblast Growth Factors. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1887-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Ging Gong
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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L'Hôte CGM, Knowles MA. Cell responses to FGFR3 signalling: growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2004; 304:417-31. [PMID: 15748888 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Revised: 11/06/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
FGFR3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) of the FGF receptor family, known to have a negative regulatory effect on long bone growth. Fgfr3 knockout mice display longer bones and, accordingly, most germline-activating mutations in man are associated with dwarfism. Somatically, some of the same activating mutations are associated with the human cancers multiple myeloma, cervical carcinoma and carcinoma of the bladder. How signalling through FGFR3 can lead to either chondrocyte apoptosis or cancer cell proliferation is not fully understood. Although FGFR3 can be expressed as two main splice isoforms (IIIb or IIIc), there is no apparent link with specific cell responses, which may rather be associated with the cell type or its differentiation status. Depending on cell type, differential activation of STAT proteins has been observed. STAT1 phosphorylation seems to be involved in inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation while activation of the ERK pathway inhibits chondrocyte differentiation and B-cell proliferation (as in multiple myeloma). The role of FGFR3 in epithelial cancers (bladder and cervix) is not known. Some of the cell specificity may arise via modulation of signalling by crosstalk with other signalling pathways. Recently, inhibition of the ERK pathway in achondroplastic mice has provided hope for an approach to the treatment of dwarfism. Further understanding of the ability of FGFR3 to trigger different responses depending on cell type and cellular context may lead to treatments for both skeletal dysplasias and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine G M L'Hôte
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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Onwuazor ON, Wen XY, Wang DY, Zhuang L, Masih-Khan E, Claudio J, Barlogie B, Shaughnessy JD, Stewart AK. Mutation, SNP, and isoform analysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in 150 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Blood 2003; 102:772-3. [PMID: 12835230 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Point Mutation
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Grosso S, Farnetani MA, Berardi R, Bartalini G, Carpentieri M, Galluzzi P, Mostardini R, Morgese G, Balestri P. Medial temporal lobe dysgenesis in Muenke syndrome and hypochondroplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 120A:88-91. [PMID: 12794698 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypochondroplasia (HCH) and Muenke syndrome (MS) are caused by mutations on FGFR3 gene. FGFR3 is known to play a role in controlling nervous system development. We describe the clinical and neuroradiological findings of the first two patients, to our knowledge, affected by HCH and MS, respectively, in whom bilateral dysgenesis of the medial temporal lobe structures has been observed. In both patients diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis. They were mentally normal and showed similarities in early-onset temporal lobe-related seizures. In both patients EEG recorded bilateral temporal region discharges. MRI detected temporal lobe anomalies with inadequate differentiation between white and gray matter, defective gyri, and abnormally shaped hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Grosso
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci-Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy
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