1
|
Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gao M, Cui X, Yang Y, van Duijn B, Wang M, Hu Y, Wang C, Xiong Y. Steamed Panax notoginseng Attenuates Anemia in Mice With Blood Deficiency Syndrome via Regulating Hematopoietic Factors and JAK-STAT Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1578. [PMID: 32038252 PMCID: PMC6985777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is a medicinal herb used to treat blood disorders since ancient times, of which the steamed form exhibits the anti-anemia effect and acts with a “blood-tonifying” function according to traditional use. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-anemia effect and underlying mechanism of steamed P. notoginseng (SPN) on mice with blood deficiency syndrome induced by chemotherapy. Blood deficiency syndrome was induced in mice by cyclophosphamide and acetylphenylhydrazine. A number of peripheral blood cells and organs (liver, kidney, and spleen) coefficients were measured. The mRNA expression of hematopoietic function-related cytokines in the bone marrow of mice was detected by RT-qPCR. The janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway was screened based on our previous analysis by network pharmacology. The expression of related proteins and cell cycle factors predicted in the pathway was determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. SPN could significantly increase the numbers of peripheral blood cells and reverse the enlargement of spleen in a dose-dependent manner. The quantities of related hematopoietic factors in bone marrow were also increased significantly after SPN administration. SPN was involved in the cell cycle reaction and activation of immune cells through the JAK-STAT pathway, which could promote the hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Min Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bert van Duijn
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Fytagoras BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,SUBioMedicine BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Fytagoras BV, Leiden, Netherlands.,LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun HX, Li GJ, Du ZH, Bing Z, Ji ZX, Luo G, Pan SL. The relationship between endothelial progenitor cells and pulmonary arterial hypertension in children with congenital heart disease. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:502. [PMID: 31847901 PMCID: PMC6918598 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) caused by congenital heart disease (CHD) is very common in clinics. Some studies have shown that PAH is related to the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but there is no report on the relationship between PAH and the number of EPCs in children with CHD. METHODS In this study, a total of 173 cases with CHD (from 0 to 6 years old) were collected. According to the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) measured by right heart catheterization, these cases were divided into PAH groups (including high PAH group, mPAP> 25 mmHg, n = 32, and the middle PAH group, 20 mmHg ≤ mPAP≤25 mmHg, n = 30) and non-PAH group (mPAP< 20 mmHg, n = 111). Peripheral blood was taken for flow cytometry, and the number of EPCs (CD133+/KDR+ cells) was counted. The number of EPCs /μL of peripheral blood was calculated using the following formula: EPCs /μL = WBC /L × lymphocytes % × EPCs % × 10- 6. RESULTS The median EPCs of the non-PAH group, middle PAH group and high PAH group is 1.86/μL, 1.30 /μL and 0.98/μL, respectively. The mPAP decreases steadily as the level of EPCs increases (P < 0.05). After adjustment of gender, age and BMI, the number of EPCs was significantly associated with a decreased risk of high PAH (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16-0.87, P < 0.05). However, EPCs was not significantly associated with middle PAH (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings revealed that the EPCs and high PAH in patients with CHD correlate significantly and EPCs may become an effective treatment for PAH in patients with CHD. EPCs may be a protective factor of high PAH for children with CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiao Sun
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.,Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Ju Li
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Zhan-Hui Du
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Bing
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Ji
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Si-Lin Pan
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hematologically important mutations: the autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease (second update). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:291-9. [PMID: 20167518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an immunodeficiency disorder affecting about 1 in 250,000 individuals. The disease is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the components of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase. This enzyme produces superoxide, which is essential in the process of intracellular pathogen killing by phagocytic leukocytes. Four of the five genes involved in CGD are autosomal; these are CYBA, encoding p22-phox, NCF2, encoding p67-phox, NCF1, encoding p47-phox, and NCF4, encoding p40-phox. This article lists all mutations identified in these genes in the autosomal forms of CGD. Moreover, polymorphisms in these genes are also given, which should facilitate the recognition of future disease-causing mutations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Uzel G, Holland SM. Phagocyte deficiencies. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-04404-2.10021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
5
|
Lin SJ, Huang YF, Chen JY, Heyworth PG, Noack D, Wang JY, Lin CY, Chiang BL, Yang CM, Liu CC, Shieh CC. Molecular quality control machinery contributes to the leukocyte NADPH oxidase deficiency in chronic granulomatous disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1586:275-86. [PMID: 11997079 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immunodeficiency disease caused by defects in leukocyte NADPH oxidase. Various inherited defects in one of the membrane-bound components of NADPH oxidase, gp91-phox, cause X-linked (X91) CGD. Analysis of three patients with X91 CGD revealed that different mechanisms of molecular quality control lead to the common phenotype of absence of mature membrane-bound NADPH oxidase complex in leukocytes. In the first patient, aberrant intron splicing created a premature stop codon. However, the mutant mRNA was degraded prematurely, which prevented the production of truncated protein. In the second patient, a frameshift mutation with the potential to generate a gp91-phox polypeptide, with an aberrant and elongated C-terminus, led to barely detectable levels of gp91-phox, even though the reported functional domains of the protein appeared unaffected. In the third patient, a point mutation created a single amino acid change in the predicted FAD-binding site of gp91-phox. Although gp91-phox was detectable with Western blotting, no cytochrome b(558) was expressed on the cell surface. These analyses showed that molecular quality control machinery plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CGD, not only in the X910 but also in the X91- form of this X-linked disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shio-Jean Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng-Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Rd, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heyworth PG, Curnutte JT, Rae J, Noack D, Roos D, van Koppen E, Cross AR. Hematologically important mutations: X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (second update). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001; 27:16-26. [PMID: 11162142 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2000.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P G Heyworth
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cross AR, Noack D, Rae J, Curnutte JT, Heyworth PG. Hematologically important mutations: the autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease (first update). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2000; 26:561-5. [PMID: 11112388 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2000.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Cross
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Segal BH, Leto TL, Gallin JI, Malech HL, Holland SM. Genetic, biochemical, and clinical features of chronic granulomatous disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79:170-200. [PMID: 10844936 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-200005000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex allows phagocytes to rapidly convert O2 to superoxide anion which then generates other antimicrobial reactive oxygen intermediates, such as H2O2, hydroxyl anion, and peroxynitrite anion. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results from a defect in any of the 4 subunits of the NADPH oxidase and is characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and abnormal tissue granuloma formation. Activation of the NADPH oxidase requires translocation of the cytosolic subunits p47phox (phagocyte oxidase), p67phox, and the low molecular weight GT-Pase Rac, to the membrane-bound flavocytochrome, a heterodimer composed of the heavy chain gp91phox and the light chain p22phox. This complex transfers electrons from NADPH on the cytoplasmic side to O2 on the vacuolar or extracellular side, thereby generating superoxide anion. Activation of the NADPH oxidase requires complex rearrangements between the protein subunits, which are in part mediated by noncovalent binding between src-homology 3 domains (SH3 domains) and proline-rich motifs. Outpatient management of CGD patients relies on the use of prophylactic antibiotics and interferon-gamma. When infection is suspected, aggressive effort to obtain culture material is required. Treatment of infections involves prolonged use of systemic antibiotics, surgical debridement when feasible, and, in severe infections, use of granulocyte transfusions. Mouse knockout models of CGD have been created in which to examine aspects of pathophysiology and therapy. Gene therapy and bone marrow transplantation trials in CGD patients are ongoing and show great promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H Segal
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nauseef WM. The NADPH-dependent oxidase of phagocytes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS 1999; 111:373-82. [PMID: 10519156 DOI: 10.1111/paa.1999.111.5.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) represent a prominent cellular element in the innate immune system, serving to ingest exogenous particles and microbes and to kill phagocytosed microorganisms. The microbicidal activity of PMNs depends on the interactions of a broad array of potent systems, including relatively stable degradative proteins as well as labile reactive radicals. These systems can be categorized as oxygen-dependent and nonoxidative mechanisms, although the physiologically relative activity depends on the precisely orchestrated interplay between both systems. The enzyme complex responsible for the activity of the oxygen-dependent system is the respiratory burst oxidase and its important contribution to host defense is best illustrated by the frequent and severe infections seen in individuals whose PMNs lack oxidase activity, namely patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Multiple elements comprise the oxygen-dependent system, and significant advances have been made in the past decade in understanding the protein components of the respiratory burst oxidase, their subcellular distribution in resting PMNs, and their agonist-dependent assembly into a functional system at phagosomal and plasma membranes. In parallel, substantial insights into the molecular bases of CGD have likewise been made. Nonetheless there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the precise functional contributions of particular components of the system, the molecular mechanisms that regulate their coordinated assembly, and the role of related proteins in nonphagocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Nauseef
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Noack D, Heyworth PG, Curnutte JT, Rae J, Cross AR. A novel mutation in the CYBB gene resulting in an unexpected pattern of exon skipping and chronic granulomatous disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1454:270-4. [PMID: 10452961 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder caused by non-existent or severely decreased phagocyte superoxide production that results in a severe defect in host defense and consequent predisposition to microbial infection. The enzyme responsible for superoxide production, NADPH oxidase, involves at least five components. An absence of, or a defect in, any one of four of these proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), p22(phox) and gp91(phox)) gives rise to the known types of chronic granulomatous disease. The most common form of inheritance is X-linked and is due to mutations in the CYBB gene that encodes gp91(phox), the large subunit of flavocytochrome b, the terminal electron donor of the oxidase. We have recently reported a large number of mutations in this gene revealing a broad range of defects, including large and small deletions, and frameshift, nonsense, missense, splice region and regulatory region mutations. Here we report a patient who has an unusual type of mutation that results in the generation of a 'pseudo-exon' in the gp91(phox) mRNA and an unexpected pattern of splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Noack
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM-241, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|