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A distributed network supports spatiotemporal cerebral dynamics of visual naming. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2948-2958. [PMID: 34715419 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral spatiotemporal dynamics of visual naming were investigated in epilepsy patients undergoing stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) monitoring. METHODS Brain networks were defined by Parcel-Activation-Resection-Symptom matching (PARS) approach by matching high-gamma (50-150 Hz) modulations (HGM) in neuroanatomic parcels during visual naming, with neuropsychological outcomes after resection/ablation of those parcels. Brain parcels with >50% electrode contacts simultaneously showing significant HGM were aligned, to delineate spatiotemporal course of naming-related HGM. RESULTS In 41 epilepsy patients, neuroanatomic parcels showed sequential yet temporally overlapping HGM course during visual naming. From bilateral occipital lobes, HGM became increasingly left lateralized, coursing through limbic system. Bilateral superior temporal HGM was noted around response time, and right frontal HGM thereafter. Correlations between resected/ablated parcels, and post-surgical neuropsychological outcomes showed specific regional groupings. CONCLUSIONS Convergence of data from spatiotemporal course of HGM during visual naming, and functional role of specific parcels inferred from neuropsychological deficits after resection/ablation of those parcels, support a model with six cognitive subcomponents of visual naming having overlapping temporal profiles. SIGNIFICANCE Cerebral substrates supporting visual naming are bilaterally distributed with relative hemispheric contribution dependent on cognitive demands at a specific time. PARS approach can be extended to study other cognitive and functional brain networks.
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Grande KM, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R. Electrical Stimulation Mapping of Brain Function: A Comparison of Subdural Electrodes and Stereo-EEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:611291. [PMID: 33364930 PMCID: PMC7750438 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.611291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite technological and interpretative advances, the non-invasive modalities used for pre-surgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), fail to generate a concordant anatomo-electroclinical hypothesis for the location of the seizure onset zone in many patients. This requires chronic monitoring with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG), which facilitates better localization of the seizure onset zone, and allows evaluation of the functional significance of cortical regions-of-interest by electrical stimulation mapping (ESM). There are two principal modalities for intracranial EEG, namely subdural electrodes and stereotactic depth electrodes (stereo-EEG). Although ESM is considered the gold standard for functional mapping with subdural electrodes, there have been concerns about its utility with stereo-EEG. This is mainly because subdural electrodes allow contiguous sampling of the dorsolateral convexity of cerebral hemispheres, and permit delineation of the extent of eloquent functional areas on the cortical surface. Stereo-EEG, while having relatively sparse sampling on the cortical surface, offers the ability to access the depth of sulci, mesial and basal surfaces of cerebral hemispheres, and deep structures such as the insula, which are largely inaccessible to subdural electrodes. As stereo-EEG is increasingly the preferred modality for intracranial monitoring, we find it opportune to summarize the literature for ESM with stereo-EEG in this narrative review. Emerging evidence shows that ESM for defining functional neuroanatomy is feasible with stereo-EEG, but probably requires a different approach for interpretation and clinical decision making compared to ESM with subdural electrodes. We have also compared ESM with stereo-EEG and subdural electrodes, for current thresholds required to evoke desired functional responses vs. unwanted after-discharges. In this regard, there is preliminary evidence that ESM with stereo-EEG may be safer than ESM with subdural grids. Finally, we have highlighted important unanswered clinical and scientific questions for ESM with stereo-EEG in the hope to encourage future research and collaborative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Grande
- Division of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah K. Z. Ihnen
- Division of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Division of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Chan AY, Vadera S. Multifaceted utilization of a cortical stimulator during tumor resection. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kerr MDS, Pagliarin KC, Mineiro A, Ferré P, Joanette Y, Fonseca RP. Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery--Portuguese version: age and education effects. Codas 2015; 27:550-6. [PMID: 26691619 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20152015029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify age and education effects on communication performance of healthy adults in the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery, Portuguese version (MAC-PT). METHODS The sample comprised 90 healthy adults from Portugal, European Portuguese speakers, divided into nine groups according to educational level (4-9, 10-13, and > 13 years of formal schooling) and age (19-40, 41-64, and 65-80 years). The influence of age and education was assessed by comparing mean scores between groups, using a two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The results showed that participants' performance was influenced by age in pragmatic-inferential, discursive, and prosodic tasks. Education had the greatest influence on the performance in all processes evaluated by the MAC-PT. CONCLUSION Age and education seem to influence the communicative performance and should be considered in the assessment of neurological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Mineiro
- Instituição de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Perrine Ferré
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Joanette
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Xiang HD, Fonteijn HM, Norris DG, Hagoort P. Topographical functional connectivity pattern in the perisylvian language networks. Cereb Cortex 2009; 20:549-60. [PMID: 19546155 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a resting-state functional connectivity study to investigate directly the functional correlations within the perisylvian language networks by seeding from 3 subregions of Broca's complex (pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis) and their right hemisphere homologues. A clear topographical functional connectivity pattern in the left middle frontal, parietal, and temporal areas was revealed for the 3 left seeds. This is the first demonstration that a functional connectivity topology can be observed in the perisylvian language networks. The results support the assumption of the functional division for phonology, syntax, and semantics of Broca's complex as proposed by the memory, unification, and control (MUC) model and indicated a topographical functional organization in the perisylvian language networks, which suggests a possible division of labor for phonological, syntactic, and semantic function in the left frontal, parietal, and temporal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong Xiang
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Kuljic-Obradovic D, Labudovic G, Basurovic N, Savic M. Neuropsychological deficits after bithalamic hemorrhages. J Neurol Sci 2007; 257:174-6. [PMID: 17391706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Strategic lesions of the thalamus interfere with cognitive functions and produce complex neuropsychological symptoms. Bilateral, simultaneous thalamic hemorrhages are unusual causes of thalamic dementia. We present clinical, neuropsychological and structural neuroimaging data of a 12-month follow-up period of a patient with bilateral thalamic hemorrhages. After the operation of pancreatitis acuta hemorrhagico-necroticans, the patient developed coma. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) of the brain showed medially situated bithalamic hematomas. During the follow-up period, patient's level of consciousness has improved. Moderate dementia (MMSE 20/30) was found with severe temporal and spatial disorientation. Neuropsychological tests showed that attention and concentration were prominently impaired; there were severe verbal and less prominent, visual memory deficits, with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, accompanied by confabulations. Loss of cognitive flexibility and dysexecutive syndrome were also demonstrated. Dynamic apraxia, visual organization and visual construction deficit and impairment of categorial and phonemic fluency were noted. Language was only moderately impaired (anomia). A year later, neuropsychological profile was similar with moderate improvement of retrograde amnesia, whereas anterograde deficits persisted. Neuropsychological syndrome in our patient with bilateral thalamic hemorrhages was characteristic for subcortico-cortical cognitive deficit and was caused by disruption of the cortico-thalamic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kuljic-Obradovic
- Sveti Sava Hospital, Nemanjina 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Kadis DS, Iida K, Kerr EN, Logan WJ, McAndrews MP, Ochi A, Otsubo H, Rutka JT, Snead OC, Weiss SK, Smith ML. Intrahemispheric reorganization of language in children with medically intractable epilepsy of the left hemisphere. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2007; 13:505-16. [PMID: 17445300 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617707070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We investigated language representation in nine children (six male, three female; 5.6-17.7 years of age) who underwent surgical treatment of medically intractable epilepsy of the left hemisphere. Although interhemispheric reorganization has been previously documented in similar groups, this is the first study to systematically evaluate possible intrahemispheric effects of early insult. All cases had left hemisphere seizure foci and underwent extraoperative stimulation mapping (ESM) for language localization prior to receiving cortical resections. To compare ESM findings across subjects and to assess intrahemispheric reorganization, we developed a novel coregistration technique whereby independent raters plotted two-dimensional (2D) ESM findings in 3D standard space. Expressive language sites identified with ESM were compared with a structural probability map of pars opercularis, or Broca's area. The average difference between independent raters' estimates of 28 language sites was 3.9 mm (SD = 2.0), indicating excellent agreement; the coregistration procedure permitted assessment of 2D ESM findings in 3D standard space. We observed language sites in regions substantially anterior and superior to canonical Broca's area, possibly reflecting intrahemispheric reorganization. Findings suggest that left hemisphere insult in young children may result in anterior displacement of language within the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S Kadis
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Whelan BM, Murdoch BE, Theodoros D, Silburn P, Hall B. Re-appraising contemporary theories of subcortical participation in language: proposing an interhemispheric regulatory function for the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the mediation of high-level linguistic processes. Neurocase 2004; 10:345-52. [PMID: 15788272 DOI: 10.1080/13554790490893742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Apropos the basal ganglia, the dominant striatum and globus pallidus internus (GPi) have been hypothesized to represent integral components of subcortical language circuitry. Working subcortical language theories, however, have failed thus far to consider a role for the STN in the mediation of linguistic processes, a structure recently defined as the driving force of basal ganglia output. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of surgically induced functional inhibition of the STN upon linguistic abilities, within the context of established models of basal ganglia participation in language. Two males with surgically induced'lesions'of the dominant and non-dominant dorsolateral STN, aimed at relieving Parkinsonian motor symptoms, served as experimental subjects. General and high-level language profiles were compiled for each subject up to 1 month prior to and 3 months following neurosurgery, within the drug-on state (i.e., when optimally medicated). Comparable post-operative alterations in linguistic performance were observed subsequent to surgically induced functional inhibition of the left and right STN. More specifically, higher proportions of reliable decline as opposed to improvement in post-operative performance were demonstrated by both subjects on complex language tasks, hypothesised to entail the interplay of cognitive-linguistic processes. The outcomes of the current research challenge unilateralised models of functional basal ganglia organisation with the proposal of a potential interhemispheric regulatory function for the STN in the mediation of high-level linguistic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke-Mai Whelan
- Motor Speech/ Neurogenic Language Research Centre, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Speech Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Boatman D. Cortical bases of speech perception:evidence from functional lesion studies. Cognition 2004; 92:47-65. [PMID: 15037126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2002] [Revised: 04/02/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional lesion studies have yielded new information about the cortical organization of speech perception in the human brain. We will review a number of recent findings, focusing on studies of speech perception that use the techniques of electrocortical mapping by cortical stimulation and hemispheric anesthetization by intracarotid amobarbital. Implications for recent developments in neuroimaging studies of speech perception will be discussed. This discussion will provide the framework for a developing model of the cortical circuitry critical for speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Boatman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Coggins PE, Kennedy TJ, Armstrong TA. Bilingual corpus callosum variability. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2004; 89:69-75. [PMID: 15010238 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to produce midsagittal images of the corpus callosum of 19 right-handed adult male and female subjects. The preliminary findings of this study indicate that significant adaptation in the anterior midbody of the corpus callosum has occurred to accommodate multiple language capacity in bilingual individuals compared to monolingual individuals. The main interpretation of this finding is that the precentral gyrus is involved in bilingual faculty adaptation assuming a role consistent with the somatotopical input to areas dedicated to the mouth, and input to association tracts connecting the premotor and supplementary motor cortices. This paper discusses possible implications to neuroscientists, second language educators, and their students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porter E Coggins
- Department of Mathematics and Computing at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
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Abstract
Since 1985, when the technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was first developed, a wide range of applications in healthy and diseased subjects has been described. Comprehension of the physiological basis of motor control and cortical function has been improved. Modifications of the basic technique of measuring central motor conduction time (CMCT) have included measurement of the cortical silent period, paired stimulation in a conditioning test paradigm, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and peristimulus time histograms (PSTH). These methods allow dissection of central motor excitatory versus inhibitory interplay on the cortical motor neuron and its presynaptic connections at the spinal cord, and have proven to be powerful investigational techniques. TMS can be used to assess upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction, monitor the effects of many pharmacological agents, predict stroke outcome, document the plasticity of the motor system, and assess its maturation and the effects of aging, as well as perform intraoperative monitoring. The recent use of rTMS in the treatment of depression and movement disorders is novel, and opens the way for other potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Weber
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Carpentier A, Pugh KR, Westerveld M, Studholme C, Skrinjar O, Thompson JL, Spencer DD, Constable RT. Functional MRI of language processing: dependence on input modality and temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42:1241-54. [PMID: 11737158 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.35500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using two language-comprehension tasks was evaluated to determine its ability to lateralize language processing and identify regions that must be spared in surgery. METHODS Two parallel cognitive language tasks, one using auditory input and the other visual input, were tested in a group of control subjects and in temporal lobe epilepsy patients who were candidates for surgical intervention. The patient studies provide an opportunity to compare functional MRI language localization with that obtained using Wada testing and electrocorticography. All of the patients in this study underwent all three procedures and a battery of neuropsychological testing. Such studies provide an opportunity not only to validate the fMRI findings but also, by comparing the patient results with those obtained in control subjects, to provide insight into the impact of a pathology such as epilepsy on cortical organization or functional patterns of activation. RESULTS The results reveal both modality-dependent and modality-independent language-processing patterns for visual versus auditory task presentation. The visual language task activated distinct sites in Broca's area, BA (Brodmann area) 44 that were not activated in the auditory language task. The auditory language task strongly activated contralateral right BA22-21 area (homologous to Wernicke's area on the left). Language lateralization scores were significantly stronger for visual than for auditory task presentation. The conjunction of activation from the two different input modalities (modality-independent areas) likely highlights regions that perform more abstract computations (e.g., syntactic or pragmatic processing) in language processing. Modality-specific areas (e.g., right Wernicke, left fusiform gyrus, Broca BA44, supramarginal gyrus), appear to cope with the computations relevant to making contact with these more abstract dimensions. Patients showed recruitment of contralateral homologous language areas (p < 0.005) that was significantly above that found in a normal control group. Extra- and intraoperative cortical stimulations were concordant with the fMRI data in eight of 10 cases. The fMRI lateralization scores were also consistent with the Wada testing in 8/10 patients. CONCLUSIONS The fMRI results demonstrate that the epileptic brain may be a progressive model for cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carpentier
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, and Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8082, USA
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