1
|
Qu N, Terayama H, Hirayanagi Y, Kuramasu M, Ogawa Y, Hayashi S, Hirai S, Naito M, Itoh M. Induction of experimental autoimmune orchitis by immunization with xenogenic testicular germ cells in mice. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 121:11-16. [PMID: 28505516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that immunization of mice with syngeneic or allogeneic testicular germ cells (TGC) alone induces autoimmune inflammation in the testes without using any adjuvant. In the present study, we examined testicular autoimmune response against xenogenic TGC antigens in mice. The mice were immunized with murine, rat or guinea pig TGC and then the histopathology, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and humoral autoimmunity were investigated. The results showed that immunization with not only murine but also rat TGC caused experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) with hypospermatogenesis in mice, while that with guinea pig TGC could not. The DTH response to murine TGC was significantly elevated in mice that had been immunized with murine or rat but not guinea pig TGC. Serum autoantibody to murine TGC was immunohistochemically detected in the mice immunized with either murine, rat or guinea pig TGC, however, the level of autoantibody detected by ELISA revealed significant elevation when mice were immunized with murine and rat TGC. With the immunoblotting after electrophoresis, the murine TGC proteins at molecular masses around 55kDa and 70kDa can be detected when incubated with sera from m-TGC and r-TGC groups. These results represent the cross-reactivity among TGC of the mouse, the rat and the guinea pig at the levels of humoral immunity and also demonstrate that the rat TGC could elicit significant DTH response to murine TGC with the resultant EAO. This is the first to succeed in EAO induction by the use of xenogenic TGC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Hayato Terayama
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hirayanagi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuramasu
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toomey CB, Cauvi DM, Hamel JC, Ramirez AE, Pollard KM. Cathepsin B regulates the appearance and severity of mercury-induced inflammation and autoimmunity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 142:339-49. [PMID: 25237059 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility and resistance to systemic autoimmunity are genetically regulated. This is particularly true for murine mercury-induced autoimmunity (mHgIA) where DBA/2J mice are considered resistant to disease including polyclonal B cell activation, autoantibody responses, and immune complex deposits. To identify possible mechanisms for the resistance to mHgIA, we exposed mHgIA sensitive B10.S and resistant DBA/2J mice to HgCl2 and assessed inflammation and pro-inflammatory responses at the site of exposure and subsequent development of markers of systemic autoimmunity. DBA/2J mice showed little evidence of induration at the site of exposure, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, T cell activation, or autoantibody production, although they did exhibit increased levels of total serum IgG and IgG1. In contrast B10.S mice developed significant inflammation together with increased expression of inflammasome component NLRP3, proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, hypergammaglobulinemia, splenomegaly, CD4(+) T-cell activation, and production of autoantibodies. Inflammation in B10.S mice was associated with a selective increase in activity of cysteine cathepsin B but not cathepsins L or S. Increased cathepsin B activity was not dependent on cytokines required for mHgIA but treatment with CA-074, a cathepsin B inhibitor, led to transient reduction of local induration, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and subsequent attenuation of the systemic adaptive immune response. These findings demonstrate that sensitivity to mHgIA is linked to an early cathepsin B regulated inflammatory response which can be pharmacologically exploited to abrogate the subsequent adaptive autoimmune response which leads to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Toomey
- *Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Department of Surgery and Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, No. 0739, La Jolla, California 92093-0739 and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - David M Cauvi
- *Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Department of Surgery and Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, No. 0739, La Jolla, California 92093-0739 and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John C Hamel
- *Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Department of Surgery and Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, No. 0739, La Jolla, California 92093-0739 and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Andrea E Ramirez
- *Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Department of Surgery and Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, No. 0739, La Jolla, California 92093-0739 and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - K Michael Pollard
- *Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Department of Surgery and Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, No. 0739, La Jolla, California 92093-0739 and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ingman WV, Glynn DJ, Hutchinson MR. Inflammatory mediators in mastitis and lactation insufficiency. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:161-7. [PMID: 24961655 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common inflammatory disease during lactation that causes reduced milk supply. A growing body of evidence challenges the central role of pathogenic bacteria in mastitis, with disease severity associated with markers of inflammation rather than infection. Inflammation in the mammary gland may be triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) as well as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) binding to pattern recognition receptors such as the toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of mammary epithelial cells and local immune cell populations. Activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway and downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is critical to mediating local mammary gland inflammation and systemic immune responses in mouse models of mastitis. However, activation of NFkB also induces epithelial cell apoptosis and reduced milk protein synthesis, suggesting that inflammatory mediators activated during mastitis promote partial involution. Perturbed milk flow, maternal stress and genetic predisposition are significant risk factors for mastitis, and could lead to a heightened TLR4-mediated inflammatory response, resulting in increased susceptibility and severity of mastitis disease in the context of low MAMP abundance. Therefore, heightened host inflammatory signalling may act in concert with pathogenic or commensal bacterial species to cause both the inflammation associated with mastitis and lactation insufficiency. Here, we present an alternate paradigm to the widely held notion that breast inflammation is driven principally by infectious bacterial pathogens, and suggest there may be other therapeutic strategies, apart from the currently utilised antimicrobial agents, that could be employed to prevent and treat mastitis in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Terayama H, Itoh M, Naito M, Hirai S, Qu N, Kuerban M, Musha M. Experimental model of autoimmune orchitis with abdominal placement of donor's testes, epididymides, and vasa deferentia in recipient mice. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 90:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Terayama
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen domains and efficacy of elicited antibody responses depend on host genetic background. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1115-23. [PMID: 18480236 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00015-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA), a component of anthrax toxin, mediate protection against anthrax. PA is antigenically complex and can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies. Furthermore, vaccinated individuals demonstrate considerable variability in their antibody responses to PA. To explore the relationship between PA structure and antigenicity, we produced Escherichia coli strains expressing full-length PA (PA1-4), domains 2 to 4 (PA2-4), domain 1, (PA1), and domain 4 (PA4) and evaluated the immunogenicities and protective efficacies of the protein fractions in four mouse strains (strains A/J, BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Swiss Webster). Immunization with PA1-4 resulted in significantly higher lethal toxin-neutralizing antibody titers than immunization with any recombinant protein (rPA) fraction of PA. The magnitude and neutralizing capacity of the antibody response to full-length PA and its fragments varied depending on the mouse strain. We found no correlation between the antibody titer and the neutralizing antibody titer for A/J and Swiss Webster mice. In C57BL/6 mice, antibody titers and neutralization capacity correlated for two of four rPA domain proteins tested, while BALB/c mice displayed a similar correlation with only one rPA. By correlating the reactivity of immune sera with solvent-exposed linear peptide segments of PA, we tentatively assign the presence of four new linear B-cell epitopes in PA amino acids 121 to 150, 143 to 158, 339 to 359, and 421 to 440. We conclude that the genetic background of the host determines the relative efficacy of the antitoxin response. The results suggest that the variability observed in vaccination studies with PA-derived vaccines is a result of host heterogeneity and implies a need to develop other antigens as vaccine candidates.
Collapse
|
6
|
Frank FM, Cazorla SI, Sartori MJ, Corral RS. Elicitation of specific, Th1-biased immune response precludes skeletal muscle damage in cruzipain-vaccinated mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 84:64-70. [PMID: 18054912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cruzipain (Cz), the major cystein proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi, is able to induce protective immunity against parasite challenge. However, some concern has arisen regarding its potential to elicit pathogenic autoimmune reactivity. To determine whether the adverse myopathic effects of Cz-based immunization could be prevented, we evaluated the co-administration of Cz with different adjuvants. Mice were immunized with Cz adjuvantized by alum (Cz+alum), oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (Cz+ODN-CpG) or Freund's preparation (Cz+CFA). Cz triggered a vigorous specific humoral response, irrespective of the adjuvant used. Alum mainly drove response towards Th2 phenotype, characterized by specific IgG1 antibodies and IL-10 induction, whereas Cz+ODN-CpG mice exhibited Th1-dominant immunity, with antibodies of the IgG2a isotype and enhanced IFN-gamma production. Histological examination of cardiac tissue demonstrated lesions in Cz+CFA but not in Cz+alum nor Cz+ODN-CpG immunized animals, suggesting that CFA is critical for Cz-mediated injury. Analysis of skeletal muscle revealed that mice receiving Cz+CFA exhibited disrupted and hyalinized myofibers, whereas [Cz+alum]-immunized animals showed hyalinization, architecture modifications and small inflammatory foci. Conversely, no abnormalities were observed in the striated muscle from the Cz+ODN-CpG group. Hence, generation of specific immune response skewed towards Th1, as that recorded for the ODN-CpG adjuvant, may preclude triggering of Cz-mediated muscle tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Frank
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|