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Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Weinhold S, Uhrberg M, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. In vitro IL-15-activated human naïve CD8+ T cells down-modulate the CD8β chain and become CD8αα T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1252439. [PMID: 38903513 PMCID: PMC11188365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1252439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-driven human effector-memory CD8+ T cells expressing low levels of the CD8β chain have been previously described. However, little is known on a possible antigen-independent trigger. We have examined the impact that IL-15 has on the expression of CD8β on purified human naïve CD8+ T cells after CFSE labeling and culture with IL-15. As expected, IL-15 induced naïve CD8+ T cells to proliferate and differentiate. Remarkably, the process was associated with a cell-cycle dependent down-modulation of CD8β from the cell surface, leading to the generation of CD8αβlow and CD8αβ- (i.e., CD8αα) T cells. In contrast, expression of the CD8α chain remained steady or even increased. Neither IL-2 nor IL-7 reproduced the effect of IL-15. Determination of mRNA levels for CD8α and CD8β isoforms by qPCR revealed that IL-15 promoted a significant decrease in mRNA levels of the CD8β M-4 isoform, while levels of the M-1/M-2 isoforms and of CD8α increased. Noteworthy, CD8+ T cell blasts obtained after culture of CD8+ T cells with IL-15 showed a cell-cycle dependent increase in the level of the tyrosine kinase Lck, when compared to CD8+ T cells at day 0. This study has shown for the first time that IL-15 generates CD8αα+αβlow and CD8αα+αβ- T cells containing high levels of Lck, suggesting that they may be endowed with unique functional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J. Esgalhado
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elsa M. Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Guarda (ESS-IPG), Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A. Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
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Mansour R, El-Orfali Y, Saber A, Noun D, Youssef N, Youssef Y, Hanna-Wakim R, Dbaibo G, Abboud M, Massaad MJ. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome in four male siblings from a consanguineous family from Lebanon. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108573. [PMID: 32814211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) characterized by microthrombocytopenia, bloody diarrhea, eczema, recurrent infections, and a high incidence of autoimmunity and malignancy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of thrombocytopenia and infections in four boys of consanguineous parents from Lebanon. METHODS Patient gDNA was studied using Next Generation Sequencing and Sanger Sequencing. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting, and mRNA expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. F-actin polymerization and cellular proliferation were assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We identified a threonine to a methionine change at position 45 (T45M) of the WAS protein (WASp) that abolished protein expression and disturbed F-actin polymerization and T cell proliferation, but not B cell proliferation. In addition, the levels of the WAS-interacting protein (WIP) were significantly decreased in the patients. CONCLUSION The mutation identified severely destabilizes WASp and affects the downstream signaling events important for T cell function, but not B cell function. It was previously known that the stability of WASp depends on WIP. In this manuscript, we report that the stability of WIP also depends on WASp. Finally, it is important to suspect X-linked PIDs even in consanguineous families. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The patients are above the optimal age for transplant in WAS, and it is difficult to identify one or more donors for four patients, therefore, they represent ideal candidates for gene therapy or interleukin-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mansour
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Saber
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dolly Noun
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; Children's Cancer Center of Lebanon, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Youssef
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yolla Youssef
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima Hanna-Wakim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miguel Abboud
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; Children's Cancer Center of Lebanon, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Shu Z, Yu T, Zhou L, Song W, Zhao X. WASp Is Essential for Effector-to-Memory conversion and for Maintenance of CD8 +T Cell Memory. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2262. [PMID: 31608063 PMCID: PMC6769127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections, micro thrombocytopenia, eczema, and a high incidence of autoimmunity and malignancy. A defect in the T cell compartment is thought to be a major cause of immunodeficiency in patients with WAS; However, whether the antigen specific T memory cell is altered has not been extensively studied. Here, we examined the expansion/contraction kinetics of CD8+ memory T cells and their maintenance in WASp−/− mice. The results showed that WAS protein (WASp) is not required for differentiation of CD8+ effector T cells; however, CD8+ T cells from WASp−/− mice were hyperactive, resulting in increased cytokine production. The number of CD8+ T memory cells decreased as mice aged, and CD8+ T cell recall responses and protective immunity were impaired. WASp-deficient CD8+ T cells in bone marrow chimeric mice underwent clonal expansion, but the resulting effector cells failed to survive and differentiate into CD8+ memory T cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that WASp plays an intrinsic role in differentiation of CD8+ memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Shu
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
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Mace EM, Orange JS. Discovering the Cause of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and Laying the Foundation for Understanding Immune Cell Structuring. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3667-3670. [PMID: 29784762 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
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Walker LJ, Marrinan E, Muenchhoff M, Ferguson J, Kloverpris H, Cheroutre H, Barnes E, Goulder P, Klenerman P. CD8αα Expression Marks Terminally Differentiated Human CD8+ T Cells Expanded in Chronic Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2013; 4:223. [PMID: 23964274 PMCID: PMC3734367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell co-receptor CD8αβ enhances T cell sensitivity to antigen, however studies indicate CD8αα has the converse effect and acts as a co-repressor. Using a combination of Thymic Leukemia (TL) antigen tetramer, which directly binds CD8αα, anti-CD161, and anti-Vα7.2 antibodies we have been able for the first time to clearly define CD8αα expression on human CD8 T cells subsets. In healthy controls CD8αα is most highly expressed by CD161 “bright” (CD161++) mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, with CD8αα expression highly restricted to the TCR Vα7.2+ cells of this subset. We also identified CD8αα-expressing populations within the CD161 “mid” (CD161+) and “negative” (CD161−) non-MAIT CD8 T cell subsets and show TL-tetramer binding to correlate with expression of CD8β at low levels in the context of maintained CD8α expression (CD8α+CD8βlow). In addition, we found CD161−CD8α+CD8βlow populations to be significantly expanded in the peripheral blood of HIV-1 and hepatitis B (mean of 47 and 40% of CD161− T cells respectively) infected individuals. Such CD8αα expressing T cells are an effector-memory population (CD45RA−, CCR7−, CD62L−) that express markers of activation and maturation (HLA-DR+, CD28−, CD27−, CD57+) and are functionally distinct, expressing greater levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ on stimulation and perforin at rest than their CD8α+CD8βhigh counterparts. Antigen-specific T cells in HLA-B∗4201+HIV-1 infected patients are found within both the CD161−CD8α+CD8βhigh and CD161−CD8α+CD8βlow populations. Overall we have clearly defined CD8αα expressing human T cell subsets using the TL-tetramer, and have demonstrated CD161−CD8α+CD8βlow populations, highly expanded in disease settings, to co-express CD8αβ and CD8αα. Co-expression of CD8αα on CD8αβ T cells may impact on their overall function in vivo and contribute to the distinctive phenotype of highly differentiated populations in HBV and HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Walker
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK ; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
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Massaad MJ, Ramesh N, Geha RS. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a comprehensive review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1285:26-43. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Massaad
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
| | - Narayanaswamy Ramesh
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
| | - Raif S. Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
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Mehraj V, Boucherit N, Amara AB, Capo C, Bonatti S, Mege JL, Mottola G, Ghigo E. The ligands of Numb proteins X1 and X2 are specific markers for chronic Q fever: Figure 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:98-100. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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D'Agostino M, Tornillo G, Caporaso MG, Barone MV, Ghigo E, Bonatti S, Mottola G. Ligand of Numb proteins LNX1p80 and LNX2 interact with the human glycoprotein CD8α and promote its ubiquitylation and endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3545-56. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases give specificity to the ubiquitylation process by selectively binding substrates. Recently, their function has emerged as a crucial modulator of T-cell tolerance and immunity. However, substrates, partners and mechanism of action for most E3 ligases remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified the human T-cell co-receptor CD8 α-chain as binding partner of the ligand of Numb proteins X1 (LNX1p80 isoform) and X2 (LNX2). Both LNX mRNAs were found expressed in T cells purified from human blood, and both proteins interacted with CD8α in human HPB-ALL T cells. By using an in vitro assay and a heterologous expression system we showed that the interaction is mediated by the PDZ (PSD95-DlgA-ZO-1) domains of LNX proteins and the cytosolic C-terminal valine motif of CD8α. Moreover, CD8α redistributed LNX1 or LNX2 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, whereas, remarkably, LNX1 or LNX2 promoted CD8α ubiquitylation, downregulation from the plasma membrane, transport to the lysosomes, and degradation. Our findings highlight the function of LNX proteins as E3 ligases and suggest a mechanism of regulation for CD8α localization at the plasma membrane by ubiquitylation and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, European Laboratory For the Investigation of Food Induced Disease, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eric Ghigo
- URMITE, CNRS UMR6236-IRD 3R198, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13358 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Stefano Bonatti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mottola
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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9
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Stove V, Van de Walle I, Naessens E, Coene E, Stove C, Plum J, Verhasselt B. Human immunodeficiency virus Nef induces rapid internalization of the T-cell coreceptor CD8alphabeta. J Virol 2005; 79:11422-33. [PMID: 16103193 PMCID: PMC1193625 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.17.11422-11433.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Nef is a membrane-associated protein decreasing surface expression of CD4, CD28, and major histocompatibility complex class I on infected cells. We report that Nef strongly down-modulates surface expression of the beta-chain of the CD8alphabeta receptor by accelerated endocytosis, while CD8 alpha-chain expression is less affected. By mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic tail of the CD8 beta-chain, an FMK amino acid motif was shown to be critical for Nef-induced endocytosis. Although independent of CD4, endocytosis of the CD8 beta-chain was abrogated by the same mutations in Nef that affect CD4 down-regulation, suggesting common molecular interactions. The ability to down-regulate the human CD8 beta-chain was conserved in HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 Nef and required an intact AP-2 complex. The Nef-mediated internalization of receptors, such as CD4, major histocompatibility complex class I, CD28, and CD8alphabeta, may contribute to the subversion of the host immune system and progression towards AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Stove
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospita, Belgium
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10
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Giroux M, Denis F. Influence of calcium ions in the flow cytometric analysis of human CD8-positive cells. Cytometry A 2005; 62:61-4. [PMID: 15472901 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD8 co-receptor is an important marker used to identify various lymphocyte subsets. A significant decrease in CD8alpha staining intensity was observed in the presence of divalent cation chelators. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy volunteers were treated with calcium chelators, stained with different anti-human CD8 mAbs, and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Calcium chelators caused a dose-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensity, using specific anti-human CD8alpha mAbs. This phenomenon was not due to CD8 internalization and could be reversed by the addition of calcium ions. In contrast, calcium depletion increased staining intensity with one anti-CD8beta mAb. CONCLUSIONS Divalent cation chelators are used as cell anti-clumping agents in MACS or FACS applications. Researchers should be aware that such treatment could lead to the almost complete loss of fluorescence with selected anti-human CD8alpha mAbs. Since CD8 staining is used in conjunction with tetramer staining to identify antigen-specific cytotoxic human T cells, the effect of calcium depletion should be taken into account in experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Giroux
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
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Konno A, Okada K, Mizuno K, Nishida M, Nagaoki S, Toma T, Uehara T, Ohta K, Kasahara Y, Seki H, Yachie A, Koizumi S. CD8alpha alpha memory effector T cells descend directly from clonally expanded CD8alpha +beta high TCRalpha beta T cells in vivo. Blood 2002; 100:4090-7. [PMID: 12393564 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas most peripheral CD8(+) alphabeta T cells highly express CD8alphabeta heterodimer in healthy individuals, there is an increase of CD8alpha(+)beta(low) or CD8alphaalpha alphabeta T cells in HIV infection or Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and after bone marrow transplantation. The significance of these uncommon cell populations is not well understood. There has been some question as to whether these subsets and CD8alpha(+)beta(high) cells belong to different ontogenic lineages or whether a fraction of CD8alpha(+)beta(high) cells have down-regulated CD8beta chain. Here we assessed clonality of CD8alphaalpha and CD8alpha(+)beta(low) alphabeta T cells as well as their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Deduced from surface antigens, cytotoxic granule constituents, and cytokine production, CD8alpha(+)beta(low) cells are exclusively composed of effector memory cells. CD8alphaalpha cells comprise effector memory cells and terminally differentiated CD45RO(-)CCR7(-) memory cells. T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping analysis and subsequent sequencing of CDR3 cDNA clones revealed polyclonality of CD8alpha(+)beta(high) cells and oligoclonality of CD8alpha(+)beta(low) and CD8alphaalpha cells. Importantly, some expanded clones within CD8alphaalpha cells were also identified within CD8alpha(+)beta(high) and CD8alpha(+)beta(low) subpopulations. Furthermore, signal-joint TCR rearrangement excision circles concentration was reduced with the loss of CD8beta expression. These results indicated that some specific CD8alpha(+)beta(high) alphabeta T cells expand clonally, differentiate, and simultaneously down-regulate CD8beta chain possibly by an antigen-driven mechanism. Provided that antigenic stimulation directly influences the emergence of CD8alphaalpha alphabeta T cells, these cells, which have been previously regarded as of extrathymic origin, may present new insights into the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies, and also serve as a useful biomarker to evaluate the disease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Konno
- Department of Pediatrics, Angiogenesis and Vascular Development, Graduate School of Medical Science and School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Honda K, Takada H, Nagatoshi Y, Akazawa K, Ohga S, Ishii E, Okamura J, Hara T. Thymus-independent expansion of T lymphocytes in children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:647-52. [PMID: 10734299 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the thymus-dependent pathway and thymus-independent pathways for T cell regeneration after BMT in children is still unclear. We analyzed the kinetics of T cell regenerative pathways after allogeneic BMT. The number of CD4+CD45RA+ T cells, a thymus-dependent population, was very low until 3 months after BMT. The numbers of CD28- T cells and CD8+ T cells expressing CD8alpha/alpha homodimer (CD8alpha/alpha+ T cells), a thymus-independent population, increased shortly after BMT, beyond the levels of healthy children in some patients. The numbers of Vgamma9+Vdelta2+ and Valpha24+ T cells, which represent populations of extrathymic development, were less than 200/microl during the 6 months after BMT. There was a significant inverse correlation between the percentages of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD28-T cells at 1 month, and a positive correlation between the percentages of CD28- and CD8alpha/alpha+ T cells at 2 and 3 months after BMT. The mean age at BMT was higher in patients with a high level of CD8alpha/alpha+ T cells than in those without an increase in these cells, suggesting the influence of thymic function on the regenerative pathways. These results suggest that the thymus-independent pathway is the dominant source of T cells even in children shortly after allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Honda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Japan
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Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome initially was described in 1937 and then again in 1954 as an X-linked disorder associated with thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections. It remained mysterious how different cell lineages could be affected in this syndrome and, more importantly, how the phenotypic features could be so protean. We now know that the features associated with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome include dysfunction of nearly all effector arms of the immune system, as well as thrombocytopenia with platelet dysfunction. As a consequence of these abnormalities, children and adults with this syndrome have recurrent bleeding, recurrent and significant infections with common and opportunistic organisms, autoimmune disease, and lymphoreticular malignancies. In 1994, the gene that is defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome was identified and found to be a gene with limited homology to any known gene families. In the past 4 years, much has been learned about the role of this protein in cellular function and T-cell responses specifically. This article reviews some recent clinical findings relevant to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, the proposed cellular role of this molecule, its biochemical interactions, and genotype-phenotype considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sullivan
- Division of Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Hogquist KA, Bonnevier JL. Development of Peptide-Selected CD8 T Cells in Fetal Thymic Organ Culture Occurs via the Conventional Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fetal thymic organ culture of TCR transgenic (Tg) tissue has been used to study issues of timing and specificity in T cell development. Because most TCR Tgs express a rearranged αβ TCR on the cell surface at an earlier stage in development than normal mice, there is a possibility that the conclusions of studies using TCR Tg cultures may not apply to normal development. In particular, in our studies of peptide-induced development of CD8 T cells, it is possible that the peptide acts on the immature double-negative cell, driving development of CD8 T cells without passing through a double-positive stage. This issue was examined by asking whether MHC class I restriction was required and by analyzing CD8β levels and endogenous TCRα chain rearrangements. We found that if nonstimulatory peptides were used in fetal thymic organ culture, CD8 T cells developed via the conventional pathway, transiting through a double-positive stage. However, we could not rule out that cells selected in the presence of stimulatory peptides (agonists) did not develop directly from double-negative precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Hogquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and the Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jody L. Bonnevier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and the Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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