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Pelling D, Bain BJ. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:969-970. [PMID: 38100131 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pelling
- Blood Sciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Barbara J Bain
- Blood Sciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, St Mary's Hospital Campus of Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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Pury S, López Orozco M, Pichichero G, Sasia LV, Morell D, Álvarez MS, Basquiera AL, Mas ME, Salvucci K. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. A case report. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2024; 122:e202310061. [PMID: 37471507 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2023-10061.eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). Here, we report the clinical case of an 18-month-old boy diagnosed with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, who did not have an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor and was treated successfully with a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from a haploidentical family donor. Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis included post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy). At day +30, the peripheral blood-nucleated cell chimerism was 100% and the WAS protein had a normal expression. Currently, at month 32 post-transplant, the patient has hematological and immune reconstitution and complete donor chimerism without evidence of GvHD. HSCT with PT-Cy was a feasible and safe option for this patient with WAS, in which an HLA matched donor was not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Pury
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Infantil de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Milagros López Orozco
- Oncology and Hematology Service, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Laura V Sasia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantil de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela Morell
- Oncology and Hematology Service, Hospital Infantil de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María S Álvarez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Infantil de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana L Basquiera
- Oncology and Hematology Service, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Mas
- Oncology and Hematology Service, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karina Salvucci
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantil de Córdoba, Argentina
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R P, Shanmugam G, Rakshit S, Sarkar K. Role of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein in haematological malignancies: genetics, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155026. [PMID: 38118219 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
As patients continue to suffer from lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases known as haematopoietic malignancies can affect the bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes, and lymphatic and non-lymphatic organs. Despite advances in the current treatment, there is still a significant challenge for physicians to improve the therapy of HMs. WASp is an important regulator of actin polymerization and the involvement of WASp in transcription is thought to be linked to the DNA damage response and repair. In some studies, severe immunodeficiency and lymphoid malignancy are caused by WASp mutations or the absence of WASp and these mutations in WAS can alter the function and/or expression of the intracellular protein. Loss-of-function and Gain-of-function mutations in WASp have an impact on cancer malignancies' incidence and onset. Recent studies suggest that depending on the clinical or experimental situation, WASPs and WAVEs can operate as a suppressor or enhancers for cancer malignancy. These dual functions of WASPs and WAVEs in cancer likely arose from their multifaceted role in cells that could be targeted for anticancer drug development. The significant role and their association of WASp in Chronic myeloid leukaemia, Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia and T-cell lymphoma is discussed. In this review, we described the structure and function of WASp and its family mechanism, analysing major regulatory effectors and summarising the clinical relevance and drugs that specifically target WASp in disease treatment in various hematopoietic malignancies by different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Katangulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Geetha Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Katangulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Katangulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Katangulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Labrosse R, Chu JI, Armant MA, Everett JK, Pellin D, Kareddy N, Frelinger AL, Henderson LA, O’Connell AE, Biswas A, Coenen-van der Spek J, Miggelbrink A, Fiorini C, Adhikari H, Berry CC, Cantu VA, Fong J, Jaroslavsky J, Karadeniz DF, Li QZ, Reddy S, Roche AM, Zhu C, Whangbo JS, Dansereau C, Mackinnon B, Morris E, Koo SM, London WB, Baris S, Ozen A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Despotovic JM, Forbes Satter LR, Saitoh A, Aizawa Y, King A, Nguyen MAT, Vu VDU, Snapper SB, Galy A, Notarangelo LD, Bushman FD, Williams DA, Pai SY. Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 2023; 142:1281-1296. [PMID: 37478401 PMCID: PMC10731922 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency, eczema, microthrombocytopenia, autoimmunity, and lymphoid malignancies. Gene therapy (GT) to modify autologous CD34+ cells is an emerging alternative treatment with advantages over standard allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients who lack well-matched donors, avoiding graft-versus-host-disease. We report the outcomes of a phase 1/2 clinical trial in which 5 patients with severe WAS underwent GT using a self-inactivating lentiviral vector expressing the human WAS complementary DNA under the control of a 1.6-kB fragment of the autologous promoter after busulfan and fludarabine conditioning. All patients were alive and well with sustained multilineage vector gene marking (median follow-up: 7.6 years). Clinical improvement of eczema, infections, and bleeding diathesis was universal. Immune function was consistently improved despite subphysiologic levels of transgenic WAS protein expression. Improvements in platelet count and cytoskeletal function in myeloid cells were most prominent in patients with high vector copy number in the transduced product. Two patients with a history of autoimmunity had flares of autoimmunity after GT, despite similar percentages of WAS protein-expressing cells and gene marking to those without autoimmunity. Patients with flares of autoimmunity demonstrated poor numerical recovery of T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), interleukin-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs), and transitional B cells. Thus, recovery of the Breg compartment, along with Tregs appears to be protective against development of autoimmunity after GT. These results indicate that clinical and laboratory manifestations of WAS are improved with GT with an acceptable safety profile. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01410825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Labrosse
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia I. Chu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Myriam A. Armant
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John K. Everett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Danilo Pellin
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Niharika Kareddy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Amy E. O’Connell
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jet Coenen-van der Spek
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra Miggelbrink
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Fiorini
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hriju Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles C. Berry
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Vito Adrian Cantu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johnson Fong
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason Jaroslavsky
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Derin F. Karadeniz
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shantan Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aoife M. Roche
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jennifer S. Whangbo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen Dansereau
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda Mackinnon
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Morris
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie M. Koo
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wendy B. London
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Safa Baris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Işıl Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Işıl Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Işıl Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jenny M. Despotovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Alejandra King
- Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Clínica Alemana De Santiago Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mai Anh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vy Do Uyen Vu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne Galy
- Genethon, Évry, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, University of Évry, INSERM, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Évry, France
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David A. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Adir D, Freund T, Dotan A, Mashiah J, Hagin D. Dupilumab for Post-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Dermatitis in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1526-1528. [PMID: 37247109 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Adir
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann St, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tal Freund
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann St, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Dotan
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Mashiah
- Division of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology Clinic, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Hagin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann St, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Coppola E, Giardino G, Abate M, Tambaro FP, Bifano D, Toriello E, De Rosa A, Cillo F, Pignata C, Cirillo E. Rare solid tumors in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: case report and review of literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229674. [PMID: 37781361 PMCID: PMC10533990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by severe eczema, recurrent infections, and micro-thrombocytopenia. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapeutic option for patients with classic form. The risk of developing post-transplant tumors appears to be higher in patients with WAS than in other inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), but the actual incidence is not well defined, due to the scarcity of published data. Methods Herein, we describe a 10-year-old patient diagnosed with WAS, treated with HSCT in the first year of life, who subsequently developed two rare solid tumors, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and desmoid tumor. A review of the literature on post-HSCT tumors in WAS patients has been performed. Results The patient received diagnosis of classic WAS at the age of 2 months (Zhu score = 3), confirmed by WAS gene sequencing, which detected the nonsense hemizygous c.37C>T (Arg13X) mutation. At 9 months, patient underwent HSCT from a matched unrelated donor with an adequate immune reconstitution, characterized by normal lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogen proliferation tests. Platelet count significantly increased, even though platelet count never reached reference values. A mixed chimerism was also detected, with a residual WASP- population on monocytes (27.3%). The patient developed a kaposiform hemangioendothelioma at the age of 5. A second abdominal tumor was identified, histologically classified as a desmoid tumor when he reached the age of 10 years. Both hematopoietic and solid tumors were identified in long-term WAS survivors after HSCT. Conclusion Here, we describe the case of a patient with WAS who developed two rare solid tumors after HSCT. An active surveillance program for the risk of tumors is necessary in the long-term follow-up of post-HSCT WAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Abate
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Pediatric Oncology Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Delfina Bifano
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Toriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Rosa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Meng Y, Lei X, Jia L, Guan X, Yu J, Dou Y. Differential analysis of immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202772. [PMID: 37388746 PMCID: PMC10305805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate similarities and differences in immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Method We retrospectively analyzed the lymphocyte subpopulations and the serum level of various immune-related protein or peptide on Days 15, 30, 100, 180 and 360 post-transplantation in 70 children with WAS and 48 children with CGD who underwent allo-HSCT at the Transplantation Center of the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2007 to December 2020, and we analyzed the differences in the immune reconstitution process between the two groups. Results ① The WAS group had higher lymphocyte subpopulation counts than the CGD group. ② Among children aged 1-3 years who underwent transplantation, the WAS group had higher lymphocyte subpopulation counts than the CGD group. ③ Further comparisons were performed between children with non-umbilical cord blood transplantation (non-UCBT) and children with umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in the WAS group. On Day 15 and 30 post-transplantation, the non-UCBT group had higher B-cell counts than the UCBT group. On the remaining time points post-transplantation, the UCBT group had higher lymphocyte subpopulation counts than the non-UCBT group. ④ Comparisons were performed between children with non-UCBT in the WAS group and in the CGD group, the lymphocyte subpopulation counts were higher in the WAS group compared to the CGD group. ⑤ On Day 100 post-transplantation, the CGD group had higher C3 levels than the WAS group. On Day 360 post-transplantation, the CGD group had higher IgA and C4 levels than the WAS group. Conclusion ① The rate of immunity recovery was faster in children within the WAS group compared to those children within the CGD group, which may be attributed to the difference of percentage undergoing UCBT and primary diseases. ② In the WAS group, the non-UCBT group had higher B-cell counts than the UCBT group at Day 15 and 30 post-transplantation, however, the UCBT group had higher B-cell counts than the non-UCBT group at Day 100 and 180 post-transplantation, suggesting that cord blood has strong B-cell reconstitution potentiality after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Dou
- Department of Hematology Oncology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu S, Yao X, Xia K, Zhang J, Liu Y, Xia X, Li G. Frontier and hotspot evolution in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2021. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32347. [PMID: 36550896 PMCID: PMC9771241 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency disorder. Despite our enormous progress in the strategies used to diagnose, treat, and cure WAS, no bibliometric studies have been performed in this research field. This study explored the trends in WAS research through a bibliometric analysis evaluating relevant literature quantitatively and qualitatively. METHODS The literature concerning WAS from 2001 to 2021 was retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) of the Web of Science Core Collection database. Acquired data were then visually analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. RESULTS 2036 papers were included in the final analysis. The annual publication outputs reached its peak in 2013 but declined in recent years. The dominant position of the United States in WAS research was quite obvious. Harvard University (USA), University College London (UK), and Inserm (France) were the three most prolific institutions. Adrian J. Thrasher exerted significant publication impact and made the most notable contributions in the field of WAS. Blood was the most influential journal with the highest publication outputs, and nearly all the top 10 journals and co-cited journals belonged to Q1. Immune dysregulation, thrombocytopenia, syndrome protein deficiency, stem cell, mutation, and diagnosis were the keywords with the strongest citation burst. CONCLUSION From 2001 to 2021, the United States was a global leader in the WAS research. Collaboration between countries and institutions is expected to deepen and strengthen in the future. Research hotspots included pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy. Our results suggest a greater understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of immune dysfunction in WAS patients, the application of targeted therapies for individual complications, and the development of curative approaches, which will remain research hotspots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixu Liu
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yao
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Liu
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xia
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxi Li
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * Correspondence: Guangxi Li, Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China (e-mail: )
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Naseem A, Steinberg Z, Cavazza A. Genome editing for primary immunodeficiencies: A therapeutic perspective on Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966084. [PMID: 36059471 PMCID: PMC9433875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of rare inherited disorders affecting the immune system that can be conventionally treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with experimental autologous gene therapy. With both approaches still facing important challenges, gene editing has recently emerged as a potential valuable alternative for the treatment of genetic disorders and within a relatively short period from its initial development, has already entered some landmark clinical trials aimed at tackling several life-threatening diseases. In this review, we discuss the progress made towards the development of gene editing-based therapeutic strategies for PIDs with a special focus on Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome and outline their main challenges as well as future directions with respect to already established treatments.
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Sachdev M, Chakraborty S, Bansal M, Dua V. Six-Year Long Follow-up of Patient With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Post Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e1252-e1253. [PMID: 33625090 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Sachdev
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), Gurugram Haryana, India
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Suri D, Rikhi R, Jindal AK, Rawat A, Sudhakar M, Vignesh P, Gupta A, Kaur A, Sharma J, Ahluwalia J, Bhatia P, Khadwal A, Raj R, Uppuluri R, Desai M, Taur P, Pandrowala AA, Gowri V, Madkaikar MR, Lashkari HP, Bhattad S, Kumar H, Verma S, Imai K, Nonoyama S, Ohara O, Chan KW, Lee PP, Lau YL, Singh S. Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome: A Multi-Institutional Experience From India. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627651. [PMID: 33936041 PMCID: PMC8086834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is characterized by bleeding manifestations, recurrent infections, eczema, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Over the last decade, improved awareness and better in-house diagnostic facilities at several centers in India has resulted in increased recognition of WAS. This study reports collated data across major primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) centers in India that are involved in care of children with WAS and highlights the varied clinical presentations, genetic profile, and outcomes of patients in India. Methods Request to share data was sent to multiple centers in India that are involved in care and management of patients with PID. Six centers provided requisite data that were compiled and analyzed. Results In this multi-institutional cohort, clinical details of 108 patients who had a provisional diagnosis of WAS were received. Of these, 95 patients with 'definite WAS' were included Fourteen patients were classified as XLT and 81 patients as WAS. Median age at onset of symptoms of patients was 3 months (IQR 1.6, 6.0 months) and median age at diagnosis was 12 months (IQR 6,48 months). Clinical profile included bleeding episodes (92.6%), infections (84.2%), eczema (78.9%), various autoimmune manifestations (40%), and malignancy (2.1%). DNA analysis revealed 47 variants in 67 cases. Nonsense and missense variants were the most common (28.4% each), followed by small deletions (19.4%), and splice site defects (16.4%). We also report 24 novel variants, most of these being frameshift and nonsense mutations resulting in premature termination of protein synthesis. Prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was initiated in 52 patients (54.7%). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was carried out in 25 patients (26.3%). Of those transplanted, disease-free survival was seen in 15 patients (60%). Transplant related mortality was 36%. Outcome details were available for 89 patients. Of these, 37% had died till the time of this analysis. Median duration of follow-up was 36 months (range 2 weeks- 12 years; IQR 16.2 months- 70 months). Conclusions We report the first nationwide cohort of patients with WAS from India. Bleeding episodes and infections are common manifestations. Mortality continues to be high as curative therapy is not accessible to most of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Suri
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashmi Rikhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankur K. Jindal
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Murugan Sudhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anju Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anit Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasmina Ahluwalia
- Department of Haematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Revathi Raj
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Ramya Uppuluri
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Mukesh Desai
- Division of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Taur
- Division of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Vijaya Gowri
- Division of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha R. Madkaikar
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Immunohematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Harsha Prasada Lashkari
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sagar Bhattad
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjeev Verma
- Department of King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koon W. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pamela P. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Gene therapy is an innovative treatment for Primary Immune Deficiencies (PIDs) that uses autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to deliver stem cells with added or edited versions of the missing or malfunctioning gene that causes the PID. Initial studies of gene therapy for PIDs in the 1990-2000's used integrating murine gamma-retroviral vectors. While these studies showed clinical efficacy in many cases, especially with the administration of marrow cytoreductive conditioning before cell re-infusion, these vectors caused genotoxicity and development of leukoproliferative disorders in several patients. More recent studies used lentiviral vectors in which the enhancer elements of the long terminal repeats self-inactivate during reverse transcription ("SIN" vectors). These SIN vectors have excellent safety profiles and have not been reported to cause any clinically significant genotoxicity. Gene therapy has successfully treated several PIDs including Adenosine Deaminase Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), X-linked SCID, Artemis SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-I. In all, gene therapy for PIDs has progressed over the recent decades to be equal or better than allogeneic HSCT in terms of efficacy and safety. Further improvements in methods should lead to more consistent and reliable efficacy from gene therapy for a growing list of PIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Kohn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Donald B. Kohn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Cenciarelli S, Calbi V, Barzaghi F, Bernardo ME, Oltolini C, Migliavacca M, Gallo V, Tucci F, Fraschetta F, Albertazzi E, Fratini ES, Consiglieri G, Giannelli S, Dionisio F, Sartirana C, Racca S, Camesasca C, Peretto G, Daverio R, Esposito A, De Cobelli F, Silvani P, Rabusin M, Cara A, Trabattoni D, Dispinseri S, Scarlatti G, Piemonti L, Lampasona V, Cicalese MP, Aiuti A, Ferrua F. Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Gene Therapy in a Child With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603428. [PMID: 33329599 PMCID: PMC7732473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we present the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 1.5-year-old boy affected by severe Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome with previous history of autoinflammatory disease, occurring 5 months after treatment with gene therapy. Before SARS-CoV-2 infection, the patient had obtained engraftment of gene corrected cells, resulting in WASP expression restoration and early immune reconstitution. The patient produced specific immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 at high titer with neutralizing capacity and experienced a mild course of infection, with limited inflammatory complications, despite pre-gene therapy clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Cenciarelli
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calbi
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Migliavacca
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Gallo
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tucci
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Fraschetta
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Albertazzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sophia Fratini
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Consiglieri
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dionisio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Sartirana
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Racca
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Camesasca
- Pediatric Cardiology, Cardio-thoraco-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Myocarditis Unit, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Clinical Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Daverio
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Silvani
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rabusin
- Department of Pediatrics, HematoOncology Unit, Institute of Maternal and Child Health Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Dispinseri
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Beta Cell Biology Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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14
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Ferrua F, Marangoni F, Aiuti A, Roncarolo MG. Gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: History, new vectors, future directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:262-265. [PMID: 32623069 PMCID: PMC7453879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Marangoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Calif
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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15
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Burroughs LM, Petrovic A, Brazauskas R, Liu X, Griffith LM, Ochs HD, Bleesing JJ, Edwards S, Dvorak CC, Chaudhury S, Prockop SE, Quinones R, Goldman FD, Quigg TC, Chandrakasan S, Smith AR, Parikh S, Dávila Saldaña BJ, Thakar MS, Phelan R, Shenoy S, Forbes LR, Martinez C, Chellapandian D, Shereck E, Miller HK, Kapoor N, Barnum JL, Chong H, Shyr DC, Chen K, Abu-Arja R, Shah AJ, Weinacht KG, Moore TB, Joshi A, DeSantes KB, Gillio AP, Cuvelier GDE, Keller MD, Rozmus J, Torgerson T, Pulsipher MA, Haddad E, Sullivan KE, Logan BR, Kohn DB, Puck JM, Notarangelo LD, Pai SY, Rawlings DJ, Cowan MJ. Excellent outcomes following hematopoietic cell transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a PIDTC report. Blood 2020; 135:2094-2105. [PMID: 32268350 PMCID: PMC7273831 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the WAS gene, leading to thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, autoimmune disease, and malignancy. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the primary curative approach, with the goal of correcting the underlying immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. HCT outcomes have improved over time, particularly for patients with HLA-matched sibling and unrelated donors. We report the outcomes of 129 patients with WAS who underwent HCT at 29 Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium centers from 2005 through 2015. Median age at HCT was 1.2 years. Most patients (65%) received myeloablative busulfan-based conditioning. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 91%. Superior 5-year OS was observed in patients <5 vs ≥5 years of age at the time of HCT (94% vs 66%; overall P = .0008). OS was excellent regardless of donor type, even in cord blood recipients (90%). Conditioning intensity did not affect OS, but was associated with donor T-cell and myeloid engraftment after HCT. Specifically, patients who received fludarabine/melphalan-based reduced-intensity regimens were more likely to have donor myeloid chimerism <50% early after HCT. In addition, higher platelet counts were observed among recipients who achieved full (>95%) vs low-level (5%-49%) donor myeloid engraftment. In summary, HCT outcomes for WAS have improved since 2005, compared with prior reports. HCT at a younger age continues to be associated with superior outcomes supporting the recommendation for early HCT. High-level donor myeloid engraftment is important for platelet reconstitution after either myeloablative or busulfan-containing reduced intensity conditioning. (This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02064933.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri M Burroughs
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Aleksandra Petrovic
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Ruta Brazauskas
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Xuerong Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Jack J Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephanie Edwards
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant Division, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sonali Chaudhury
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan E Prockop
- Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ralph Quinones
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) and Cellular Therapy Section, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Frederick D Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Troy C Quigg
- Texas Transplant Institute, Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Angela R Smith
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Blachy J Dávila Saldaña
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital-George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research-Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research-Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Shalini Shenoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lisa R Forbes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, TX
| | - Caridad Martinez
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Baylor, TX
| | - Deepak Chellapandian
- Blood and Marrow Transplant, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Evan Shereck
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Neena Kapoor
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Hey Chong
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David C Shyr
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karin Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Ami J Shah
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Katja G Weinacht
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Avni Joshi
- Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Rochester, MN
| | - Kenneth B DeSantes
- American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Alfred P Gillio
- Institute for Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | - Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Troy Torgerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brent R Logan
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant Division, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant Division, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
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16
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Iguchi A, Cho Y, Yabe H, Kato S, Kato K, Hara J, Koh K, Takita J, Ishihara T, Inoue M, Imai K, Nakayama H, Hashii Y, Morimoto A, Atsuta Y, Morio T. Long-term outcome and chimerism in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation: a retrospective nationwide survey. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:364-369. [PMID: 31187438 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and risk factors for chimerism in 108 patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) who were registered with The Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation between January 1985 and December 2016. A preparative conditioning regimen consisting of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) was provided to 76 patients, and reduced-intensity conditioning was provided to 30 patients. Fifty-one patients received prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with cyclosporine, and 51 patients received tacrolimus (Tac). Chimerism analyses had been performed in 91 patients. Neutrophil engraftment was achieved in 91 patients (84.3%). The engraftment rate was significantly higher in patients who received Tac for GVHD prophylaxis (p = 0.028). Overall survival rate (OS) was significantly higher in patients with complete chimerism than in patients with mixed chimerism (88.2 ± 6.1% and 66.7 ± 9.9%, respectively, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that the rate of complete chimerism in patients who received MAC including cyclophosphamide (CY) at a dose of 200 mg/kg was significantly higher (p = 0.021) than that in patients who received other conditioning. Thus, MAC including CY at a dose of 200 mg/kg and Tac for GVHD prophylaxis were optimal conditions of SCT for patients with WAS under existing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Iguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yuko Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kato
- Department of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine (Pediatrics), The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Masami Inoue
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashii
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Morimoto
- Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the self-reported and parent-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children (age < 19 years) who received a hematopoietic (bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood) stem cell transplant (SCT) at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC). A total of 35 families participated: 31 SCT recipients, 35 mothers, and 28 fathers. Mean scores were 73.6 child, 71.2 mothers, and 76.2 fathers (range of 0-100, with high scores indicating better HRQoL). No significant overall HRQoL difference between parent and child were reported. Mothers reported significantly lower physical functioning (F 2,23 = 3.509, P = .041) compared to child (P = .041) and fathers (P = .025). Older age at time of transplant was associated with higher procedural anxiety according to child (r = .498, P = .005) and mothers (r = .466, P = .008). Older age at time of transplant was associated with less worry according to fathers (r = -.589, P = .002). Overall, SCT recipients and their parents report moderately high HRQoL.
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Abstract
Central and peripheral tolerance checkpoints are in place to remove autoreactive B cell populations and prevent the development of autoimmunity. In this issue of the JCI, Pala and colleagues reveal that individuals with the X-linked immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) have opposite alterations at central and peripheral B cell checkpoints: a more stringent selection for central tolerance, resulting in reduced numbers of autoreactive cells at the emergent immature B cell stage, and a relaxed selection for peripheral tolerance, resulting in an increased frequency of autoreactive cells in the mature naive B cell compartment. Moreover, reinstatement of the WAS gene in these patients restored both B cell tolerance checkpoints. These results suggest that, in a normal situation, mature naive B cells undergo a positive selection step driven by self-antigens, kept in control by Tregs.
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Pala F, Morbach H, Castiello MC, Schickel JN, Scaramuzza S, Chamberlain N, Cassani B, Glauzy S, Romberg N, Candotti F, Aiuti A, Bosticardo M, Villa A, Meffre E. Lentiviral-mediated gene therapy restores B cell tolerance in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3941-51. [PMID: 26368308 DOI: 10.1172/jci82249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, and high susceptibility to developing tumors and autoimmunity. Recent evidence suggests that B cells may be key players in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in WAS. Here, we assessed whether WAS protein deficiency (WASp deficiency) affects the establishment of B cell tolerance by testing the reactivity of recombinant antibodies isolated from single B cells from 4 WAS patients before and after gene therapy (GT). We found that pre-GT WASp-deficient B cells were hyperreactive to B cell receptor stimulation (BCR stimulation). This hyperreactivity correlated with decreased frequency of autoreactive new emigrant/transitional B cells exiting the BM, indicating that the BCR signaling threshold plays a major role in the regulation of central B cell tolerance. In contrast, mature naive B cells from WAS patients were enriched in self-reactive clones, revealing that peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoint dysfunction is associated with impaired suppressive function of WAS regulatory T cells. The introduction of functional WASp by GT corrected the alterations of both central and peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoints. We conclude that WASp plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of B cell tolerance in humans and that restoration of WASp by GT is able to restore B cell tolerance in WAS patients.
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Abstract
Neonatal thrombocytopenia has a broad range of possible etiologies. In this review, an asymptomatic newborn infant was found to have severe thrombocytopenia on laboratory testing for limited sepsis evaluation. The differential diagnosis for thrombocytopenia in the newborn period is discussed, along with recommendations for initial evaluation and follow up of isolated thrombocytopenia in an otherwise well-appearing infant. The clinician should be aware of findings associated with unusual causes of thrombocytopenia that should prompt additional evaluation in the nursery or in the general pediatrician's office. In this illustrative case, a high index of suspicion allowed early diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and prompt curative therapy by stem cell transplant.
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21
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Nau JY. [Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a new advance in gene therapy]. Rev Med Suisse 2015; 11:996-997. [PMID: 26062229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle
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23
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Abina SHB, Gaspar HB, Blondeau J, Caccavelli L, Charrier S, Buckland K, Picard C, Six E, Himoudi N, Gilmour K, McNicol AM, Hara H, Xu-Bayford J, Rivat C, Touzot F, Mavilio F, Lim A, Treluyer JM, Héritier S, Lefrere F, Magalon J, Pengue-Koyi I, Honnet G, Blanche S, Sherman EA, Male F, Berry C, Malani N, Bushman FD, Fischer A, Thrasher AJ, Galy A, Cavazzana M. Outcomes following gene therapy in patients with severe Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. JAMA 2015; 313:1550-63. [PMID: 25898053 PMCID: PMC4942841 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency associated with severe microthrombocytopenia. Partially HLA antigen-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is often curative but is associated with significant comorbidity. OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes and safety of autologous HSC gene therapy in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Gene-corrected autologous HSCs were infused in 7 consecutive patients with severe Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome lacking HLA antigen-matched related or unrelated HSC donors (age range, 0.8-15.5 years; mean, 7 years) following myeloablative conditioning. Patients were enrolled in France and England and treated between December 2010 and January 2014. Follow-up of patients in this intermediate analysis ranged from 9 to 42 months. INTERVENTION A single infusion of gene-modified CD34+ cells with an advanced lentiviral vector. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were improvement at 24 months in eczema, frequency and severity of infections, bleeding tendency, and autoimmunity and reduction in disease-related days of hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were improvement in immunological and hematological characteristics and evidence of safety through vector integration analysis. RESULTS Six of the 7 patients were alive at the time of last follow-up (mean and median follow-up, 28 months and 27 months, respectively) and showed sustained clinical benefit. One patient died 7 months after treatment of preexisting drug-resistant herpes virus infection. Eczema and susceptibility to infections resolved in all 6 patients. Autoimmunity improved in 5 of 5 patients. No severe bleeding episodes were recorded after treatment, and at last follow-up, all 6 surviving patients were free of blood product support and thrombopoietic agonists. Hospitalization days were reduced from a median of 25 days during the 2 years before treatment to a median of 0 days during the 2 years after treatment. All 6 surviving patients exhibited high-level, stable engraftment of functionally corrected lymphoid cells. The degree of myeloid cell engraftment and of platelet reconstitution correlated with the dose of gene-corrected cells administered. No evidence of vector-related toxicity was observed clinically or by molecular analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study demonstrated the feasibility of the use of gene therapy in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Controlled trials with larger numbers of patients are necessary to assess long-term outcomes and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Hacein-Bey Abina
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- UTCBS CNRS 8258- INSERM U1022, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, AP-HP, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - H. Bobby Gaspar
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Johanna Blondeau
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laure Caccavelli
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Charrier
- INSERM, U951; University of Evry, UMR_S951; Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies, Genethon, Evry, F-91002 France
- Genethon, Evry, F-91002 France
| | - Karen Buckland
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Capucine Picard
- Centre d’Étude des Déficits Immunitaires, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of human lymphohematopoiesis, Paris, France
| | - Nourredine Himoudi
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie McNicol
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Havinder Hara
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jinhua Xu-Bayford
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christine Rivat
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabien Touzot
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Lim
- Groupe Immunoscope, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Treluyer
- Clinical research Center Necker-Enfants Malades and Cochin Hospital Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University
| | - Sébastien Héritier
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Francois Lefrere
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Magalon
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pengue-Koyi
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Blanche
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric A. Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frances Male
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles Berry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nirav Malani
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alain Fischer
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of human lymphohematopoiesis, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Adrian J. Thrasher
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne Galy
- INSERM, U951; University of Evry, UMR_S951; Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies, Genethon, Evry, F-91002 France
- Genethon, Evry, F-91002 France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of human lymphohematopoiesis, Paris, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Marina Cavazzana, MD, PhD: Address: Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France. Phone number: 00.33(1)44.49.50.68,
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Castiello MC, Scaramuzza S, Pala F, Ferrua F, Uva P, Brigida I, Sereni L, van der Burg M, Ottaviano G, Albert MH, Grazia Roncarolo M, Naldini L, Aiuti A, Villa A, Bosticardo M. B-cell reconstitution after lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:692-702.e2. [PMID: 25792466 PMCID: PMC4559137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a severe X-linked immunodeficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, and susceptibility to autoimmunity and lymphomas. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice; however, administration of WAS gene–corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cells has been demonstrated as a feasible alternative therapeutic approach. Objective Because B-cell homeostasis is perturbed in patients with WAS and restoration of immune competence is one of the main therapeutic goals, we have evaluated reconstitution of the B-cell compartment in 4 patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cells transduced with lentiviral vector after a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen combined with anti-CD20 administration. Methods We evaluated B-cell counts, B-cell subset distribution, B cell–activating factor and immunoglobulin levels, and autoantibody production before and after gene therapy (GT). WAS gene transfer in B cells was assessed by measuring vector copy numbers and expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Results After lentiviral vector-mediated GT, the number of transduced B cells progressively increased in the peripheral blood of all patients. Lentiviral vector-transduced progenitor cells were able to repopulate the B-cell compartment with a normal distribution of B-cell subsets both in bone marrow and the periphery, showing a WAS protein expression profile similar to that of healthy donors. In addition, after GT, we observed a normalized frequency of autoimmune-associated CD19+CD21−CD35− and CD21low B cells and a reduction in B cell–activating factor levels. Immunoglobulin serum levels and autoantibody production improved in all treated patients. Conclusions We provide evidence that lentiviral vector-mediated GT induces transgene expression in the B-cell compartment, resulting in ameliorated B-cell development and functionality and contributing to immunologic improvement in patients with WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmina Castiello
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Scaramuzza
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Pula, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Brigida
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sereni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Ottaviano
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael H Albert
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRGB CNR, Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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25
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Farinelli G, Capo V, Scaramuzza S, Aiuti A. Lentiviral vectors for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:525-33. [PMID: 24619149 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last years important progress has been made in the treatment of several primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) with gene therapy. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy indeed represents a valid alternative to conventional transplantation when a compatible donor is not available and recent success confirmed the great potential of this approach. First clinical trials performed with gamma retroviral vectors were promising and guaranteed clinical benefits to the patients. On the other hand, the outcome of severe adverse events as the development of hematological abnormalities highlighted the necessity to develop a safer platform to deliver the therapeutic gene. Self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors (LVVs) were studied to overcome this hurdle through their preferable integration pattern into the host genome. In this review, we describe the recent advancements achieved both in vitro and at preclinical level with LVVs for the treatment of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), ADA deficiency (ADA-SCID), Artemis deficiency, RAG1/2 deficiency, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (γchain deficiency, SCIDX1), X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) and immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Farinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù and University of Rome Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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26
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Zhu X, Tang B, Zheng C, Liu H, Song K, Sun Z. A novel mutation in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and successfully treated with umbilical cord blood transplantation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 53:283-5. [PMID: 24824128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel mutation in a boy with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) who was 4 years and 10 months of age and underwent successful umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). The child presented at 3 months of age with symptomatic thrombocytopenia and eczema. Despite a large dose of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, no increase in the platelet count was observed. A genetic analysis revealed a deletion mutation at c.410_419del10 in exon 4, which resulted in the replacement of encoded phenylalanine with serine at amino acid 137 and caused an early stop codon at downstream amino acid 121 (p.F137SfsX121), and confirmed a diagnosis of WAS. The only curative treatment for WAS is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because no matched sibling donor was available, he underwent unrelated UCBT. He is currently alive and doing well at fourteen months post-transplant, and he is free of any bleeding episodes. The eczema that was all over his body had disappeared. This case suggests that unrelated UCBT may be safe and technically feasible for the treatment of WAS when an appropriately matched related or unrelated donor is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei 23001, China
| | - Baolin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei 23001, China
| | - Changcheng Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei 23001, China
| | - Huilan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei 23001, China
| | - Kaidi Song
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei 23001, China
| | - Zimin Sun
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei 23001, China.
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27
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Toyoda H, Azuma E. Reply: To PMID 23498591. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:600-1. [PMID: 24365134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Edobashi Tsu, Mie, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Edobashi Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Ferrara M, Capozzi L, Coppola A, Save G, Coppola L. Prophylactic platelet transfusion in children with thrombocytopenic disorders: A retrospective review. Hematology 2013; 12:297-9. [PMID: 17654055 DOI: 10.1080/10245330701255213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of low platelet thresholds for prophylactic transfusions was retrospectively evaluated in 673 children with various thrombocytopenic disorders. In patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and X linked thrombocytopenia the threshold for the use of platelet transfusion was based on bleeding events rather than platelet count. In children with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, prophylactic platelet transfusions were used when the platelet count was <or= 5000/microl in stable patients and > 10,000/microl in cases of bleeding or infections. The restrictive policy of platelet transfusions was shown to be proved safe in many thrombocytopenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrara
- Department of Pediatrics, The 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Aiuti A, Biasco L, Scaramuzza S, Ferrua F, Cicalese MP, Baricordi C, Dionisio F, Calabria A, Giannelli S, Castiello MC, Bosticardo M, Evangelio C, Assanelli A, Casiraghi M, Di Nunzio S, Callegaro L, Benati C, Rizzardi P, Pellin D, Di Serio C, Schmidt M, Von Kalle C, Gardner J, Mehta N, Neduva V, Dow DJ, Galy A, Miniero R, Finocchi A, Metin A, Banerjee PP, Orange JS, Galimberti S, Valsecchi MG, Biffi A, Montini E, Villa A, Ciceri F, Roncarolo MG, Naldini L. Lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Science 2013; 341:1233151. [PMID: 23845947 PMCID: PMC4375961 DOI: 10.1126/science.1233151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 777] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an inherited immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding WASP, a protein regulating the cytoskeleton. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplants can be curative, but, when matched donors are unavailable, infusion of autologous HSPCs modified ex vivo by gene therapy is an alternative approach. We used a lentiviral vector encoding functional WASP to genetically correct HSPCs from three WAS patients and reinfused the cells after a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen. All three patients showed stable engraftment of WASP-expressing cells and improvements in platelet counts, immune functions, and clinical scores. Vector integration analyses revealed highly polyclonal and multilineage haematopoiesis resulting from the gene-corrected HSPCs. Lentiviral gene therapy did not induce selection of integrations near oncogenes, and no aberrant clonal expansion was observed after 20 to 32 months. Although extended clinical observation is required to establish long-term safety, lentiviral gene therapy represents a promising treatment for WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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[Paul Martini Prize 2011: award for effective gene therapy]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2011; 40:354. [PMID: 21698637 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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31
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Langer B, Cichutek K. [Clinical application of gene therapy. Previous experience and the future]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2011; 40:254-262. [PMID: 21698615 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Langer
- Abteilung Medizinische Biotechnologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen
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32
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Bosticardo M, Draghici E, Schena F, Sauer AV, Fontana E, Castiello MC, Catucci M, Locci M, Naldini L, Aiuti A, Roncarolo MG, Poliani PL, Traggiai E, Villa A. Lentiviral-mediated gene therapy leads to improvement of B-cell functionality in a murine model of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1376-84.e5. [PMID: 21531013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, infections, autoimmunity, and lymphomas. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from HLA-identical donors is curative, but it is not available to all patients. We have developed a gene therapy (GT) approach for WAS by using a lentiviral vector encoding for human WAS promoter/cDNA (w1.6W) and demonstrated its preclinical efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE To evaluate B-cell reconstitution and correction of B-cell phenotype in GT-treated mice. METHODS We transplanted Was(-/-) mice sublethally irradiated (700 rads) with lineage marker-depleted bone marrow wild-type cells, Was(-/-) cells untransduced or transduced with the w1.6W lentiviral vector and analyzed B-cell reconstitution in bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneum. RESULTS Here we show that WAS protein(+) B cells were present in central and peripheral B-cell compartments from GT-treated mice and displayed the strongest selective advantage in the splenic marginal zone and peritoneal B1 cell subsets. After GT, splenic architecture was improved and B-cell functions were restored, as demonstrated by the improved antibody response to pneumococcal antigens and the reduction of serum IgG autoantibodies. CONCLUSION WAS GT leads to improvement of B-cell functions, even in the presence of a mixed chimerism, further validating the clinical application of the w1.6W lentiviral vector.
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Boztug K, Schmidt M, Schwarzer A, Banerjee PP, Díez IA, Dewey RA, Böhm M, Nowrouzi A, Ball CR, Glimm H, Naundorf S, Kühlcke K, Blasczyk R, Kondratenko I, Maródi L, Orange JS, von Kalle C, Klein C. Stem-cell gene therapy for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1918-27. [PMID: 21067383 PMCID: PMC3064520 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1003548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder associated with thrombocytopenia, eczema, and autoimmunity. We treated two patients who had this disorder with a transfusion of autologous, genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We found sustained expression of WAS protein expression in HSC, lymphoid and myeloid cells, and platelets after gene therapy. T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes were functionally corrected. After treatment, the patients' clinical condition markedly improved, with resolution of hemorrhagic diathesis, eczema, autoimmunity, and predisposition to severe infection. Comprehensive insertion-site analysis showed vector integration that targeted multiple genes controlling growth and immunologic responses in a persistently polyclonal hematopoiesis. (Funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and others; German Clinical Trials Register number, DRKS00000330.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Boztug
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Krishnan KR, Vega R. Microthrombocytopenia in a male infant with cytomegalovirus. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 103:268-9. [PMID: 19788027 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Nonoyama S. [Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: recent progress in diagnosis and treatment]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2009; 50:1570-1576. [PMID: 19915368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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36
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Lee YH, Lim YJ, Shin SA, Song CH, Jo EK, Jung JA, Lee HB. Phenotypic and genotypic correction of WASP gene mutation in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome by unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:751-4. [PMID: 19654965 PMCID: PMC2719213 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.4.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present two cases of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), in which nonsense mutations in the WASP gene were corrected phenotypically as well as genotypically by unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT). Two male patients were diagnosed with WAS at the age of 5-month and 3-month and each received unrelated CBSCT at 16-month and 20-month of age, respectively. The infused cord blood (CB) units had 4/6 and 5/6 HLA matches and the infusion doses of total nucleated cells (TNC) and CD34+ cells were 6.24x10(7)/kg and 5.08x10(7)/kg for TNC and 1.33x10(5)/kg and 4.8x10(5)/kg for CD34+ cells, for UPN1 and UPN2, respectively. Complete donor cell chimerism was documented by variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) with neutrophil engraftment on days 31 and 13 and platelets on days 58 and 50, respectively. Immunologic reconstitution demonstrated that CBSCT resulted in consistent and stable T-, B-, and NK-cell development. Flow cytometric analysis for immunologic markers and sequence analysis of the WASP gene mutation revealed a normal pattern after CBSCT. These cases demonstrate that CBs can be an important source of stem cells for the phenotypical and genotypical correction of genetic diseases such as WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Lim
- Department of Pediatrics and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Ah Shin
- Department of Pediatrics and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-A Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ha-Baik Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Caramia G. [New perspectives in medicine: stem cells]. Pediatr Med Chir 2009; 31:104-116. [PMID: 19739489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Caramia
- Primario Emerito di Neonatologia e Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Specializzata Materno Infantile "G. Salesi", Ancona.
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Abstract
Gene therapy with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for several forms of primary immunodeficiencies. Current approaches are based on ex vivo gene transfer of the therapeutic gene into autologous HSC by vector-mediated gene transfer. In the past decade, substantial progress has been achieved in the treatment of severe combined immundeficiencies (SCID)-X1, adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient SCID, and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Results of the SCID gene therapy trials have shown long-term restoration of immune competence and clinical benefit in over 30 patients. The inclusion of reduced-dose conditioning in the ADA-SCID has allowed the engraftment of multipotent gene-corrected HSC at substantial level. In the CGD trial significant engraftment and transgene expression were observed, but the therapeutic effect was transient. The occurrence of adverse events related to insertional mutagenesis in the SCID-X1 and CGD trial has highlighted the limitations of current retroviral vector technology. For future applications the risk-benefit evaluation should include the type of vector employed, the disease background and the nature of the transgene. The use of self-inactivating lentiviral vectors will provide significant advantages in terms of natural gene regulation and reduction in the potential for adverse mutagenic events. Following recent advances in preclinical studies, lentiviral vectors are now being translated into new clinical approaches, such as Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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39
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Toscano MG, Frecha C, Benabdellah K, Cobo M, Blundell M, Thrasher AJ, García-Olivares E, Molina IJ, Martin F. Hematopoietic-specific lentiviral vectors circumvent cellular toxicity due to ectopic expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:179-97. [PMID: 18240968 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and safe gene modification of hematopoietic stem cells is a requirement for gene therapy of primary immunodeficiencies such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. However, deregulated expression or ectopic expression in the progeny of transduced nonhematopoietic progenitor cells may lead to unwanted toxicity. We therefore analyzed the effect of ectopic expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) and the potential benefits of hematopoietic-specific lentiviral vectors (driven by the WAS proximal promoter). Overexpression of WASp by constitutive lentiviral vectors is highly toxic in nonhematopoietic cells because it causes dramatic changes in actin localization and polymerization that result in decreased cell viability, as evidenced by a significant growth disadvantage of WASp-overexpressing nonhematopoietic cells and increased cell death. These toxic effects do not affect cells of hematopoietic origin because, remarkably, we found that WASp cannot be readily overexpressed in T cells, even after multiple vector integrations per cell. The adverse cellular effects found after transduction of nonhematopoietic cells with constitutive lentiviral vectors are overcome by the use of transcriptionally targeted lentiviral vectors expressing WASp, which, at the same time, are efficient tools for gene therapy of WAS as demonstrated by their ability to reconstitute cellular defects from WASp-deficient mouse and human cells. We therefore postulate that transcriptionally regulated lentiviral vectors represent a safer and efficient alternative for the development of clinical protocols of WAS gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G Toscano
- Immunology and Cell Biology Department, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López Neyra, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, 18100 Granada, Spain
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40
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McGovern MM, Rhodes R. Ethics of using a bone marrow donor with Klinefelter syndrome. Pediatr Transplant 2008; 12:496-8. [PMID: 18537900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2008.00930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Ozsahin H, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Notarangelo LD, Schulz A, Thrasher AJ, Mazzolari E, Slatter MA, Le Deist F, Blanche S, Veys P, Fasth A, Bredius R, Sedlacek P, Wulffraat N, Ortega J, Heilmann C, O'Meara A, Wachowiak J, Kalwak K, Matthes-Martin S, Gungor T, Ikinciogullari A, Landais P, Cant AJ, Friedrich W, Fischer A. Long-term outcome following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: collaborative study of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies and European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Blood 2007; 111:439-45. [PMID: 17901250 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-076679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked immunodeficiency with microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies that are life-threatening in the majority of patients. In this long-term, retrospective, multicenter study, we analyzed events that occurred in 96 WAS patients who received transplants between 1979 and 2001 who survived at least 2 years following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Events included chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), autoimmunity, infections, and sequelae of before or after HSCT complications. Three patients (3%) died 2.1 to 21 years following HSCT. Overall 7-year event-free survival rate was 75%. It was lower in recipients of mismatched related donors, also in relation with an older age at HSCT and disease severity. The most striking finding was the observation of cGVHD-independent autoimmunity in 20% of patients strongly associated with a mixed/split chimerism status (P < .001), suggesting that residual-host lymphocytes can mediate autoimmune disease despite the coexistence of donor lymphocytes. Infectious complications (6%) related to splenectomy were also significant and may warrant a more restrictive approach to performing splenectomy in WAS patients. Overall, this study provides the basis for a prospective, standardized, and more in-depth detailed analysis of chimerism and events in long-term follow-up of WAS patients who receive transplants to design better-adapted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Ozsahin
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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42
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Lee WI, Yang CY, Jaing TH, Huang JL, Chien YH, Chang KW. Clinical aspects and molecular analysis of Chinese patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in Taiwan. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 145:15-23. [PMID: 17703096 DOI: 10.1159/000107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency, characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema and recurrent infections. More than 441 patient mutations have been described all over the world, mainly based on Caucasian and Japanese people. There have been few reported cases involving Chinese WAS patients. OBJECTIVE We investigated Chinese WAS patients in Taiwan since 1980. METHODS All WAS patients met the diagnosis criteria. Clinical manifestations, immunological functions, gene sequencing and the WAS protein (WASP) expression were analyzed. RESULTS Eleven male Chinese WAS patients were enrolled, presenting as classic WAS phenotype, correlative to the expression level of WASP and the severity of infections. Seven patients had autoimmune disorders, encompassing autoimmune hemolysis in 4, lymphoproliferative disorders in 2 and ulcerative colitis in 1 patient. As well as prophylactic monthly intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, splenectomy was performed on 2 patients. Five patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The causes of mortality were mass bleeding, sepsis and Epstein Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in 3 nontransplant patients and acute graft failure and cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in 2 transplant patients. Nine patients received genetic analysis and revealed 4 unique mutations. None had the X-linked thrombocytopenia phenotype. CONCLUSIONS All of the recognized Chinese WAS patients had the classic phenotype. Most mutations involved exon 1 of the WASP gene and none had the X-linked thrombocytopenia phenotype. This may be attributable to genetic variation, although selection bias may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Lee
- Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Research Institute, Chang Gung Memory Hospital and University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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43
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Stewart DM, Candotti F, Nelson DL. The Phenomenon of Spontaneous Genetic Reversions in the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Report of the Workshop of the ESID Genetics Working Party at the XIIth Meeting of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID). Budapest, Hungary October 4–7, 2006. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:634-9. [PMID: 17690954 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich Protein (WASP) gene, which typically leads to absent WASP protein expression in WAS leukocytes. However, some patients have been found with small populations of WASP-expressing cells caused by reverse or second-site mutations that allow protein expression. An international consortium was established to further investigate these phenomena. This paper summarizes data collected by this consortium that was presented at a workshop held during the XIIth Meeting of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID), October, 2006. WASP reversions were noted in approximately 11% of 272 patients tested. Many different cell lineages showed reversions. These data form the foundation for further investigation into this phenomenon, which has implications for therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donn M Stewart
- Immunophysiology Section, Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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44
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Liu YZ, Zhong Y, Wang YJ. [Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: A case report and literature review]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2006; 8:499-501. [PMID: 17178045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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45
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Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked hereditary disorder associated with combined immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia, small platelets, eczema, and increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders and cancers. It is caused by mutations in the gene (WAS) for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). We investigated family members of the patients originally described by Wiskott in 1937 and identified a new frame shift mutation in exon 1 of WAS. This mutation is likely to be the hypothesized genotype that caused the severe form of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the three brothers described by Wiskott.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Binder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dr. von Haunersches Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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47
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Charrier S, Dupré L, Scaramuzza S, Jeanson-Leh L, Blundell MP, Danos O, Cattaneo F, Aiuti A, Eckenberg R, Thrasher AJ, Roncarolo MG, Galy A. Lentiviral vectors targeting WASp expression to hematopoietic cells, efficiently transduce and correct cells from WAS patients. Gene Ther 2006; 14:415-28. [PMID: 17051251 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a severe primary immune deficiency characterized by multiple hematopoietic-specific cellular defects. In order to develop an optimal lentiviral gene transfer cassette for this application, we compared the performance of several internal promoters in a variety of cell lineages from human WAS patients. Vectors using endogenous promoters derived from short (0.5 kb) or long (1.6 kb) 5' flanking sequences of the WAS gene, expressed the transgene in T, B, dendritic cells as well as CD34(+) progenitor cells, but functioned poorly in non-hematopoietic cells. Defects of T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 production, and the cytoskeletal anomalies in WAS dendritic cells were also corrected. The levels of reconstitution were comparable to those obtained following transduction with similar lentiviral vectors incorporating constitutive PGK-1, EF1-alpha promoters or the spleen focus forming virus gammaretroviral LTR. Thus, native regulatory sequences target the expression of the therapeutic WAS transgene to the hematopoietic system, as is naturally the case for WAS, and are effective for correction of multiple cellular defects. These vectors may have significant advantages for clinical application in terms of natural gene regulation, and reduction in the potential for adverse mutagenic events.
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Pai SY, DeMartiis D, Forino C, Cavagnini S, Lanfranchi A, Giliani S, Moratto D, Mazza C, Porta F, Imberti L, Notarangelo LD, Mazzolari E. Stem cell transplantation for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a single-center experience confirms efficacy of matched unrelated donor transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:671-9. [PMID: 17013426 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a once uniformly fatal disorder, has evolved considerably as the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplant has become more widespread. For the majority of patients who lack an human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling, closely matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplant (MUD BMT) at an early age is an excellent option that nevertheless is not uniformly chosen. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with transplantation in 23 patients with WAS from 1990 to 2005 at the University of Brescia, Italy, of whom 16 received MUD BMT. Myeloablative chemotherapy was well tolerated with median neutrophil engraftment at day 18, and no cases of grade III or IV graft-vs-host disease. Overall survival was very good with 78.2% (18/23) of the whole cohort and 81.2% (13/16) of MUD BMT recipients surviving. Among 18 survivors, full donor engraftment was detected in 12 patients, and stable mixed chimerism in all blood lineages in four patients. Deaths were limited to patients who had received mismatched related BMT or who had severe clinical symptomatology at the time of transplantation, further emphasizing the safety and efficacy of MUD BMT when performed early in the clinical course of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Pai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Boztug K, Dewey RA, Klein C. Development of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2006; 8:390-5. [PMID: 17078381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a complex primary immunodeficiency disorder associated with microthrombocytopenia, autoinnmunity and susceptibility to malignant lymphoma. At the molecular level, this rare disorder is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). WASP is a cytosolic adaptor protein mediating the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton upon surface receptor signaling. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation represents a curative approach but remains problematic in light of severe risks and side effects. Recently, HSC gene therapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option. Cumulative preclinical data obtained from WASP-deficient murine models and human cells indicate a marked improvement of the impaired cellular and immunological phenotypes associated with WASP deficiency. The first clinical trial is currently being conducted to assess the feasibility, toxicity, and potential therapeutic benefit of transplanting autologous WASP-reconstituted hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Boztug
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Cohen JM, Rogers V, Gaspar HB, Jones A, Davies EG, Rao K, McCloskey DJ, Gilmour K, Wynn R, Amrolia PJ, Veys P. Serial transplantation of mismatched donor hematopoietic cells between HLA-identical sibling pairs with congenital immunodeficiency: in vivo tolerance permits rapid immune reconstitution following T-replete transplantation without GVHD in the secondary recipient. Blood 2006; 108:2124-6. [PMID: 16728699 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-009712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We report serial transplantation procedures in 2 sets of brothers with X-linked primary immunodeficiency. The first boy in each family received a T-cell–depleted transplant from a mismatched donor. The recipients then acted as donors for T-replete transplantation of the “tolerized” graft into their HLA-identical brothers with the same disorder. Immune reconstitution was noted to occur at a significantly faster rate in the secondary recipients, and without the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), despite the presence of donor cells mismatched for 1 to 3 HLA antigens. This serial transplantation technique allows the primary recipient of HLA-mismatched donor cells to act as a functionally “HLA-matched” donor for subsequent affected siblings, and should be considered as a therapeutic option in families with congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Cohen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
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