1
|
Psutkova V, Nickl P, Brezinova V, Machonova O, Machon O. Transcription factor Meis1b regulates craniofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39087648 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meis family of transcription factors operates in Pbx-Meis-Hox regulatory network controlling development of various tissues including eye, limbs, heart, hindbrain or craniofacial skeletal elements originating from the neural crest. Although studies in mouse provide abundant information about Meis factors function in embryogenesis, little is known about their role in zebrafish. RESULTS We generated zebrafish lines carrying null mutations in meis1a, meis1b, meis2a, and meis2b genes. Only meis1b mutants are lethal at larval stage around 13 dpf whereas the other mutant lines are viable and fertile. We focused on development of neural crest-derived craniofacial structures such as tendons, cranial nerves, cartilage and accompanying muscles. Meis1b mutants displayed morphogenetic abnormalities in the cartilage originating from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Meckel's cartilage was shorter and wider with fused anterior symphysis and abnormal chondrocyte organization. This resulted in impaired tendons and muscle fiber connections while tenocyte development was not largely affected. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function mutation in meis1b affects cartilage morphology in the lower jaw that leads to disrupted organization of muscles and tendons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nickl
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brezinova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Machonova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valat A, Fourel L, Sales A, Machillot P, Bouin AP, Fournier C, Bosc L, Arboléas M, Bourrin-Reynard I, Wagoner Johnson AJ, Bruckert F, Albigès-Rizo C, Picart C. Interplay between integrins and cadherins to control bone differentiation upon BMP-2 stimulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1027334. [PMID: 36684447 PMCID: PMC9846056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1027334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Upon BMP-2 stimulation, the osteoblastic lineage commitment in C2C12 myoblasts is associated with a microenvironmental change that occurs over several days. How does BMP-2 operate a switch in adhesive machinery to adapt to the new microenvironment and to drive bone cell fate is not well understood. Here, we addressed this question for BMP-2 delivered either in solution or physically bound of a biomimetic film, to mimic its presentation to cells via the extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods: Biommetics films were prepared using a recently developed automated method that enable high content studies of cellular processes. Comparative gene expressions were done using RNA sequencing from the encyclopedia of the regulatory elements (ENCODE). Gene expressions of transcription factors, beta chain (1, 3, 5) integrins and cadherins (M, N, and Cad11) were studied using quantitative PCR. ECM proteins and adhesion receptor expressions were also quantified by Western blots and dot blots. Their spatial organization in and around cells was studied using immuno-stainings. The individual effect of each receptor on osteogenic transcription factors and alkaline phosphatase expression were studied using silencing RNA of each integrin and cadherin receptor. The organization of fibronectin was studied using immuno-staining and quantitative microscopic analysis. Results: Our findings highlight a switch of integrin and cadherin expression during muscle to bone transdifferentiation upon BMP-2 stimulation. This switch occurs no matter the presentation mode, for BMP-2 presented in solution or via the biomimetic film. While C2C12 muscle cells express M-cadherin and Laminin-specific integrins, the BMP-2-induced transdifferentiation into bone cells is associated with an increase in the expression of cadherin-11 and collagen-specific integrins. Biomimetic films presenting matrix-bound BMP-2 enable the revelation of specific roles of the adhesive receptors depending on the transcription factor. Discussion: While β3 integrin and cadherin-11 work in concert to control early pSMAD1,5,9 signaling, β1 integrin and Cadherin-11 control RunX2, ALP activity and fibronectin organization around the cells. In contrast, while β1 integrin is also important for osterix transcriptional activity, Cadherin-11 and β5 integrin act as negative osterix regulators. In addition, β5 integrin negatively regulates RunX2. Our results show that biomimetic films can be used to delinate the specific events associated with BMP-2-mediated muscle to bone transdifferentiation. Our study reveals how integrins and cadherins work together, while exerting distinct functions to drive osteogenic programming. Different sets of integrins and cadherins have complementary mechanical roles during the time window of this transdifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Valat
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Fourel
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France
| | - Adria Sales
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France,U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- U1209 Institut for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Carole Fournier
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France
| | - Lauriane Bosc
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Arboléas
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France
| | - Ingrid Bourrin-Reynard
- U1209 Institut for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Amy J. Wagoner Johnson
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Franz Bruckert
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- U1209 Institut for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France,*Correspondence: Corinne Albigès-Rizo, ; Catherine Picart,
| | - Catherine Picart
- Grenoble Institute of Engineering, CNRS UMR 5628, LMGP, Grenoble, France,U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France,*Correspondence: Corinne Albigès-Rizo, ; Catherine Picart,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin L, He T, Yang D, Wang Y, Li Z, Yan Q, Zhang P, Chen Z, Lin S, Gao H, Yao Q, Xu Z, Tang B, Yi W, Xiao G. Osteocyte β1 integrin loss causes low bone mass and impairs bone mechanotransduction in mice. J Orthop Translat 2022; 34:60-72. [PMID: 35615639 PMCID: PMC9119859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The key focal adhesion protein β1 integrin plays an essential role in early skeletal development. However, roles of β1 integrin expression in osteocytes during the regulation of bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction are incompletely understood. Materials and methods To study the in vivo function of osteocyte β1 integrin in bone, we utilized the 10-kb Dmp1 (Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1)-Cre to generate mice with β1 integrin deletion in this cell type. Micro-computerized tomography, bone histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the effects of osteocyte β1 integrin loss on bone mass accrual and biomechanical properties. In vivo tibial loading model was applied to study the possible involvement of osteocyte β1 integrin in bone mechanotransduction. Results Loss of β1 integrin expression in osteocytes resulted in a severe low bone mass and impaired biomechanical properties in load-bearing long bones and spines, but not in non-weight-bearing calvariae, in mice. The loss of β1 integrin led to enlarged size of lacunar-canalicular system, abnormal cell morphology, and disorientated nuclei in osteocytes. Furthermore, β1 integrin loss caused shortening and disorientated collagen I fibers in long bones. Osteocyte β1 integrin loss did not impact the osteoclast activities, but significantly reduced the osteoblast bone formation rate and, in the meantime, enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of the bone marrow stromal cells in the bone microenvironment. In addition, tibial loading failed to accelerate the anabolic bone formation and improve collagen I fiber integrity in mutant mice. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate an essential role of osteocyte β1 integrin in regulating bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction. The transnational potential of this article: This study reveals the regulatory roles of osteocyte β1 integrin in vivo for the maintenance of bone mass accrual, biomechanical properties, extracellular matrix integrity as well as bone mechanobiology, which defines β1 integrin a potential therapeutic target for skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi JUA, Kijas AW, Lauko J, Rowan AE. The Mechanosensory Role of Osteocytes and Implications for Bone Health and Disease States. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:770143. [PMID: 35265628 PMCID: PMC8900535 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This process is primarily controlled by the most abundant and mechanosensitive bone cells, osteocytes, that reside individually, within chambers of porous hydroxyapatite bone matrix. Recent studies have unveiled additional functional roles for osteocytes in directly contributing to local matrix regulation as well as systemic roles through endocrine functions by communicating with distant organs such as the kidney. Osteocyte function is governed largely by both biochemical signaling and the mechanical stimuli exerted on bone. Mechanical stimulation is required to maintain bone health whilst aging and reduced level of loading are known to result in bone loss. To date, both in vivo and in vitro approaches have been established to answer important questions such as the effect of mechanical stimuli, the mechanosensors involved, and the mechanosensitive signaling pathways in osteocytes. However, our understanding of osteocyte mechanotransduction has been limited due to the technical challenges of working with these cells since they are individually embedded within the hard hydroxyapatite bone matrix. This review highlights the current knowledge of the osteocyte functional role in maintaining bone health and the key regulatory pathways of these mechanosensitive cells. Finally, we elaborate on the current therapeutic opportunities offered by existing treatments and the potential for targeting osteocyte-directed signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Un Ally Choi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda W Kijas
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jan Lauko
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hodgkinson T, Amado IN, O'Brien FJ, Kennedy OD. The role of mechanobiology in bone and cartilage model systems in characterizing initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. APL Bioeng 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0068277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel N. Amado
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohamed FF, Ge C, Cowling RT, Lucas D, Hallett SA, Ono N, Binrayes AA, Greenberg B, Franceschi RT. The collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 2, functions in Gli1-positive skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes to control bone development. Bone Res 2022; 10:11. [PMID: 35140200 PMCID: PMC8828874 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a collagen-activated receptor kinase that, together with integrins, is required for cells to respond to the extracellular matrix. Ddr2 loss-of-function mutations in humans and mice cause severe defects in skeletal growth and development. However, the cellular functions of Ddr2 in bone are not understood. Expression and lineage analysis showed selective expression of Ddr2 at early stages of bone formation in the resting zone and proliferating chondrocytes and periosteum. Consistent with these findings, Ddr2+ cells could differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes and showed a high degree of colocalization with the skeletal progenitor marker, Gli1. A conditional deletion approach showed a requirement for Ddr2 in Gli1-positive skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes but not mature osteoblasts. Furthermore, Ddr2 knockout in limb bud chondroprogenitors or purified marrow-derived skeletal progenitors inhibited chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation, respectively. This work establishes a cell-autonomous function for Ddr2 in skeletal progenitors and cartilage and emphasizes the critical role of this collagen receptor in bone development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F Mohamed
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lucas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shawn A Hallett
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abdul-Aziz Binrayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shim NY, Heo JS. Performance of the Polydopamine-Graphene Oxide Composite Substrate in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147323. [PMID: 34298943 PMCID: PMC8303500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a biocompatible material considered a favorable stem cell culture substrate. In this study, GO was modified with polydopamine (PDA) to facilitate depositing GO onto a tissue culture polystyrene (PT) surface, and the osteogenic performance of the PDA/GO composite in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) was investigated. The surface chemistry of the PDA/GO-coated PT surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A high cell viability of ESCs cultured on the PDA/GO composite-coated surface was initially ensured. Then, the osteogenic differentiation of the ESCs in response to the PDA/GO substrate was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, intracellular calcium levels, matrix mineralization assay, and evaluation of the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic factors. The culture of ESCs on the PDA/GO substrate presented higher osteogenic potency than that on the uncoated control surface. ESCs cultured on the PDA/GO substrate expressed significantly higher levels of integrin α5 and β1, as well as bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) types I and II, compared with the control groups. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was observed in ESCs culture on the PDA/GO substrate. Moreover, BMP signal transduction by SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation was increased more in cells on PDA/GO than in the control. The nuclear translocation of SMAD1/5/8 in cells was also processed in response to the PDA/GO substrate. Blocking activation of the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, or SMAD signaling pathways downregulated the PDA/GO-induced osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. These results suggest that the PDA/GO composite stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of ESCs via the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, and BMPR/SMAD signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hyaluronan Synthases' Expression and Activity Are Induced by Fluid Shear Stress in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063123. [PMID: 33803805 PMCID: PMC8003268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During biomineralization, the cells generating the biominerals must be able to sense the external physical stimuli exerted by the growing mineralized tissue and change their intracellular protein composition according to these stimuli. In molluscan shell, the myosin-chitin synthases have been suggested to be the link for this communication between cells and the biomaterial. Hyaluronan synthases (HAS) belong to the same enzyme family as chitin synthases. Their product hyaluronan (HA) occurs in the bone and is supposed to have a regulatory function during bone regeneration. We hypothesize that HASes’ expression and activity are controlled by fluid-induced mechanotransduction as it is known for molluscan chitin synthases. In this study, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to fluid shear stress of 10 Pa. The RNA transcriptome was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq). HA concentrations in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The cellular structure of hMSCs and HAS2-overexpressing hMSCs was investigated after treatment with shear stress using confocal microscopy. Fluid shear stress upregulated the expression of genes that encode proteins belonging to the HA biosynthesis and bone mineralization pathways. The HAS activity appeared to be induced. Knowledge about the regulation mechanism governing HAS expression, trafficking, enzymatic activation and quality of the HA product in hMSCs is essential to understand the biological role of HA in the bone microenvironment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vammi S, Bukyya JL, Ck AA, Tejasvi MLA, Pokala A, Hp C, Talwade P, Neela PK, Shyamilee TK, Oshin M, Pantala V. Genetic Disorders of Bone or Osteodystrophies of Jaws-A Review. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:41-50. [PMID: 33987622 PMCID: PMC8110367 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue, which is mineralized and made up of approximately 28% type I collagen and 5% noncollagenous matrix proteins. The properties of bone are very remarkable, because it is a dynamic tissue, undergoing constant renewal in response to mechanical, nutritional, and hormonal influences. In 1978, "The International Nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone" divided bone disorders into two broad groups: osteochondrodysplasias and dysostoses. The osteochondrodysplasia group is further subdivided into two categories: dysplasias (abnormalities of bone and/or cartilage growth) and osteodystrophies (abnormalities of bone and/or cartilage texture). The dysplasias form the largest group of bone disorders, hence the loose term "skeletal dysplasia" that is often incorrectly used when referring to a condition that is in reality an osteodystrophy or dysostosis. The word "dystrophy" implies any condition of abnormal development. "Osteodystrophies," as their name implies, are disturbances in the growth of bone. It is also known as osteodystrophia. It includes bone diseases that are neither inflammatory nor neoplastic but may be genetic, metabolic, or of unknown origin. Recent studies have shown that bone influences the activity of other organs, and the bone is also influenced by other organs and systems of the body, providing new insights and evidencing the complexity and dynamic nature of bone tissue. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or simply vitamin D, in association with other hormones and minerals, is responsible for mediating the intestinal absorption of calcium, which influences plasma calcium levels and bone metabolism. Diagnosis of the specific osteodystrophy type is a rather complex process and various biochemical markers and radiographic findings are used, so as to facilitate this condition. For diagnosis, we must consider the possibility of lesions related to bone metabolism altered by chronic renal failure (CRI), such as the different types of osteodystrophies, and differentiate from other possible neoplastic and/or inflammatory pathologies. It is important that the dentist must be aware of patients medical history, suffering from any systemic diseases, and identify the interference of the drugs and treatments to control them, so that we can able to perform the correct diagnosis and propose the most adequate treatment and outcomes of the individuals with bone lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Vammi
- Private Practitioner, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Lakshmi Bukyya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anulekha Avinash Ck
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - M L Avinash Tejasvi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Pokala
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Chanchala Hp
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Talwade
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - T K Shyamilee
- Private Practitioner, MDS in Oral Pathology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mary Oshin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Veenila Pantala
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Crisan L, Crisan BV, Bran S, Onisor F, Armencea G, Vacaras S, Lucaciu OP, Mitre I, Baciut M, Baciut G, Dinu C. Carbon-based nanomaterials as scaffolds in bone regeneration. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2019.1637382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Crisan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Vasile Crisan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Vacaras
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Patricia Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ileana Mitre
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dadras M, May C, Wagner JM, Wallner C, Becerikli M, Dittfeld S, Serschnitzki B, Schilde L, Guntermann A, Sengstock C, Köller M, Seybold D, Geßmann J, Schildhauer TA, Lehnhardt M, Marcus K, Behr B. Comparative proteomic analysis of osteogenic differentiated human adipose tissue and bone marrow-derived stromal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11814-11827. [PMID: 32885592 PMCID: PMC7579700 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are promising candidates for regenerative applications upon treatment of bone defects. Bone marrow‐derived stromal cells (BMSCs) are limited by yield and donor morbidity but show superior osteogenic capacity compared to adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs), which are highly abundant and easy to harvest. The underlying reasons for this difference on a proteomic level have not been studied yet. Human ASCs and BMSCs were characterized by FACS analysis and tri‐lineage differentiation, followed by an intraindividual comparative proteomic analysis upon osteogenic differentiation. Results of the proteomic analysis were followed by functional pathway analysis. 29 patients were included with a total of 58 specimen analysed. In these, out of 5148 identified proteins 2095 could be quantified in >80% of samples of both cell types, 427 in >80% of ASCs only and 102 in >80% of BMSCs only. 281 proteins were differentially regulated with a fold change of >1.5 of which 204 were higher abundant in BMSCs and 77 in ASCs. Integrin cell surface interactions were the most overrepresented pathway with 5 integrins being among the proteins with highest fold change. Integrin 11a, a known key protein for osteogenesis, could be identified as strongly up‐regulated in BMSC confirmed by Western blotting. The integrin expression profile is one of the key distinctive features of osteogenic differentiated BMSCs and ASCs. Thus, they represent a promising target for modifications of ASCs aiming to improve their osteogenic capacity and approximate them to that of BMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dittfeld
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Schilde
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Guntermann
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Seybold
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Geßmann
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Hu P, Wang Z, Qiu X, Chen Y. BDNF promoted osteoblast migration and fracture healing by up-regulating integrin β1 via TrkB-mediated ERK1/2 and AKT signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10792-10802. [PMID: 32803867 PMCID: PMC7521296 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to participate in fracture healing, whereas the mechanism is still unclear. Since osteoblast migration is important for fracture healing, investigating effects of BDNF on osteoblasts migration may help to reveal its mechanism. Here, MC3T3‐E1 cells were used in vitro while closed femur fracture mice were applied in vivo. Cells migration was assessed with Transwell assay. The protein expression was analysed by immunoblotting. X‐ray and Micro‐CT were performed at different time after fracture. Our results showed that BDNF promoted MC3T3‐E1 cells migration, integrin β1 expression and ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. K252a, a specific inhibitor for TrkB, suppressed BDNF‐induced migration, integrin β1 expression and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and LY294002 (an AKT inhibitor) both inhibited BDNF‐induced migration and integrin β1 expression while integrin β1 blocking antibody only suppressed cell migration. X‐ray and Micro‐CT analyses showed that the adenoviral carried integrin β1 shRNA group had slower fracture healing at 7 and 21 days, but not 35 days compared to the control group. Thus, we proposed that BDNF stimulated MC3T3‐E1 cells migration by up‐regulating integrin β1 via TrkB mediated ERK1/2 and AKT signalling, and this may help to enhance the fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Polu Hu
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mo W, Wu J, Qiu Q, Zhang F, Luo H, Xu N, Zhu W, Liang M. Platelet-rich plasma inhibits osteoblast apoptosis and actin cytoskeleton disruption induced by gingipains through upregulating integrin β1. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2120-2130. [PMID: 32662922 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of platelet-rich plasma on gingipain-caused changes in cell morphology and apoptosis of osteoblasts. Mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with gingipain extracts from Porphyromonas gingivalis in the presence or absence of platelet-rich plasma. Apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. F-actin was determined by phalloidin-fluorescent staining and observed under confocal microscopy. Western blot analysis was used to detect integrin β1, F-actin, and G-actin protein expressions. A knocking down approach was used to determine the role of integrin β1. The platelet-rich plasma protected osteoblasts from gingipain-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by upregulation of integrin β1. Platelet-rich plasma reversed the loss of F-actin integrity and decrease of F-actin/G-actin ratio in osteoblasts in the presence of gingipains. By contrast, the effects of platelet-rich plasma were abrogated by knockdown of integrin β1. The platelet-rich plasma failed to reduce cell apoptosis and reorganize the cytoskeleton after knockdown of integrin β1. In conclusion, platelet-rich plasma inhibits gingipain-induced osteoblast apoptosis and actin cytoskeleton disruption by upregulating integrin β1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Mo
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Stomatology Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qihong Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyuan Luo
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Xu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qin L, Liu W, Cao H, Xiao G. Molecular mechanosensors in osteocytes. Bone Res 2020; 8:23. [PMID: 32550039 PMCID: PMC7280204 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and phosphate metabolism, osteocytes are the major responsive cells in force adaptation due to mechanical stimulation. Mechanically induced bone formation and adaptation, disuse-induced bone loss and skeletal fragility are mediated by osteocytes, which sense local mechanical cues and respond to these cues in both direct and indirect ways. The mechanotransduction process in osteocytes is a complex but exquisite regulatory process between cells and their environment, between neighboring cells, and between different functional mechanosensors in individual cells. Over the past two decades, great efforts have focused on finding various mechanosensors in osteocytes that transmit extracellular mechanical signals into osteocytes and regulate responsive gene expression. The osteocyte cytoskeleton, dendritic processes, Integrin-based focal adhesions, connexin-based intercellular junctions, primary cilium, ion channels, and extracellular matrix are the major mechanosensors in osteocytes reported so far with evidence from both in vitro and in vitro studies. This review aims to give a systematic introduction to osteocyte mechanobiology, provide details of osteocyte mechanosensors, and discuss the roles of osteocyte mechanosensitive signaling pathways in the regulation of bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Wen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Bone is one of the most highly adaptive tissues in the body, possessing the capability to alter its morphology and function in response to stimuli in its surrounding environment. The ability of bone to sense and convert external mechanical stimuli into a biochemical response, which ultimately alters the phenotype and function of the cell, is described as mechanotransduction. This review aims to describe the fundamental physiology and biomechanisms that occur to induce osteogenic adaptation of a cell following application of a physical stimulus. Considerable developments have been made in recent years in our understanding of how cells orchestrate this complex interplay of processes, and have become the focus of research in osteogenesis. We will discuss current areas of preclinical and clinical research exploring the harnessing of mechanotransductive properties of cells and applying them therapeutically, both in the context of fracture healing and de novo bone formation in situations such as nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;9(1):1–14.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kado T, Aita H, Ichioka Y, Endo K, Furuichi Y. Chemical modification of pure titanium surfaces to enhance the cytocompatibility and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:1026-1035. [PMID: 31582594 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the cytocompatibility and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of titanium implants by immobilizing biofunctional molecules on their surface. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptides, human plasma fibronectin (pFN), or type I collagen from calf skin (Col) was covalently immobilized on the titanium surfaces. Twice as many cells attached to the Col- and pFN-immobilized titanium surfaces than attached to the as-polished surface control. The ALP activity of the cells, as well as the mineralized nodule formation, was significantly higher on the Col- and pFN-immobilized titanium surfaces than on the as-polished surfaces. These results indicate that the immobilization of biofunctional molecules such as Col and pFN on titanium surfaces enhances the attachment, spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which may lead to a more rapid bone-titanium integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kado
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hideki Aita
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Yuki Ichioka
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kazuhiko Endo
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bergsma A, Ganguly SS, Wiegand ME, Dick D, Williams BO, Miranti CK. Regulation of cytoskeleton and adhesion signaling in osteoclasts by tetraspanin CD82. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100196. [PMID: 30788390 PMCID: PMC6369370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a myeloid-specific Cre to conditionally delete CD82 in mouse osteoclasts and their precursors. In contrast to global loss of CD82 (gKO), conditional loss of CD82 (cKO) in osteoclasts does not affect cortical bone, osteoblasts, or adipocytes. CD82 loss results in greater trabecular volume and trabecular number but reduced trabecular space in 6-month old male mice. Though this trend is present in females it did not reach significance; whereas there was an increase in osteoclast numbers and eroded surface area only in female cKO mice. In vitro, there is an increase in osteoclast fusion and defects in actin assembly in both gKO and cKO mice, irrespective of sex. This is accompanied by altered osteoclast morphology and decreased release of CTX in vitro. Integrin αvβ3 expression is reduced, while integrin β1 is increased. Signaling to Src, Syk, and Vav are also compromised. We further discovered that expression of Clec2 and its ligand, Podoplanin, molecules that also signal to Syk and Vav, are increased in differentiated osteoclasts. Loss of CD82 reduces their expression. Thus, CD82 is required for correct assembly of the cytoskeleton and to limit osteoclast fusion, both needed for normal osteoclast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bergsma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sourik S Ganguly
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mollie E Wiegand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Dick
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shao PL, Wu SC, Lin ZY, Ho ML, Chen CH, Wang CZ. Alpha-5 Integrin Mediates Simvastatin-Induced Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030506. [PMID: 30682874 PMCID: PMC6387019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SVS) promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and has been studied for MSC-based bone regeneration. However, the mechanism underlying SVS-induced osteogenesis is not well understood. We hypothesize that α5 integrin mediates SVS-induced osteogenic differentiation. Bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) derived from BALB/C mice, referred to as D1 cells, were used. Alizarin red S (calcium deposition) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were used to evaluate SVS-induced osteogenesis of D1 cells. The mRNA expression levels of α5 integrin and osteogenic marker genes (bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen type I, ALP and osteocalcin (OC)) were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Surface-expressed α5 integrin was detected using flow cytometry analysis. Protein expression levels of α5 integrin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), which is downstream of α5 integrin, were detected using Western blotting. siRNA was used to deplete the expression of α5 integrin in D1 cells. The results showed that SVS dose-dependently enhanced the gene expression levels of osteogenic marker genes as well as subsequent ALP activity and calcium deposition in D1 cells. Upregulated p-FAK was accompanied by an increased protein expression level of α5 integrin after SVS treatment. Surface-expressed α5 integrin was also upregulated after SVS treatment. Depletion of α5 integrin expression significantly suppressed SVS-induced osteogenic gene expression levels, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in D1 cells. These results identify a critical role of α5 integrin in SVS-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which may suggest a therapeutic strategy to modulate α5 integrin/FAK signaling to promote MSC-based bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Shao
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University,Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Cheng Wu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Yin Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan.
- Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brézulier D, Pellen-Mussi P, Sorel O, Jeanne S. [Bone mechanobiology, an emerging field: a review]. Orthod Fr 2018; 89:343-353. [PMID: 30565553 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2018034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanobiology, at the interface between biology and biophysics, studies the impact of mechanical forces on tissues, cells and biomolecules. The application of orthodontic forces, followed by induced tooth displacement, is a striking example of its clinical application. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to compile a review of the literature on the subject of mechanobiology; from its detection at bone level to the presentation of stimulated intracellular pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search was conducted on the Pubmed database in April 2018, with associations of the terms "mechanobiology", "orthodontics", "cell culture", "physiopathology". RESULTS Three major areas of research were selected: highlighting of the phenomenon and its application in the field of bone biology; the cellular effectors of mechanobiology and its clinical applications. The use of mechanobiology in dentofacial orthopedics opens up a new field of reflection for clinicians regarding future advances in orthodontics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brézulier
- Université de Rennes, ISCR, CNRS - UMR 6226, Pole Odontologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- Université de Rennes, ISCR, CNRS - UMR 6226, Pole Odontologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Sorel
- Université de Rennes, ISCR, CNRS - UMR 6226, Pole Odontologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- Université de Rennes, ISCR, CNRS - UMR 6226, Pole Odontologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ngai D, Lino M, Bendeck MP. Cell-Matrix Interactions and Matricrine Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:174. [PMID: 30581820 PMCID: PMC6292870 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a complex pathological process occurring in patients with atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The extracellular matrix, via matricrine-receptor signaling plays important roles in the pathogenesis of calcification. Calcification is mediated by osteochondrocytic-like cells that arise from transdifferentiating vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent advances in our understanding of the plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cell and other cells of mesenchymal origin have furthered our understanding of how these cells transdifferentiate into osteochondrocytic-like cells in response to environmental cues. In the present review, we examine the role of the extracellular matrix in the regulation of cell behavior and differentiation in the context of vascular calcification. In pathological calcification, the extracellular matrix not only provides a scaffold for mineral deposition, but also acts as an active signaling entity. In recent years, extracellular matrix components have been shown to influence cellular signaling through matrix receptors such as the discoidin domain receptor family, integrins, and elastin receptors, all of which can modulate osteochondrocytic differentiation and calcification. Changes in extracellular matrix stiffness and composition are detected by these receptors which in turn modulate downstream signaling pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics, which are critical to osteogenic differentiation. This review will focus on recent literature that highlights the role of cell-matrix interactions and how they influence cellular behavior, and osteochondrocytic transdifferentiation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marsel Lino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle P Bendeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wischmann J, Lenze F, Thiel A, Bookbinder S, Querido W, Schmidt O, Burgkart R, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Richter GHS, Pleshko N, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Matrix mineralization controls gene expression in osteoblastic cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:25-34. [PMID: 30193837 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are adherent cells, and under physiological conditions they attach to both mineralized and non-mineralized osseous surfaces. However, how exactly osteoblasts respond to these different osseous surfaces is largely unknown. Our hypothesis was that the state of matrix mineralization provides a functional signal to osteoblasts. To assess the osteoblast response to mineralized compared to demineralized osseous surfaces, we developed and validated a novel tissue surface model. We demonstrated that with the exception of the absence of mineral, the mineralized and demineralized surfaces were similar in molecular composition as determined, for example, by collagen content and maturity. Subsequently, we used the human osteoblastic cell line MG63 in combination with genome-wide gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to record and compare the gene expression signatures on mineralized and demineralized surfaces. Assessment of the 5 most significant gene sets showed on mineralized surfaces an enrichment exclusively of genes sets linked to protein synthesis, while on the demineralized surfaces 3 of the 5 enriched gene sets were associated with the matrix. Focusing on these three gene sets, we observed not only the expected structural components of the bone matrix, but also gene products, such as HMCN1 or NID2, that are likely to act as temporal migration guides. Together, these findings suggest that in osteoblasts mineralized and demineralized osseous surfaces favor intracellular protein production and matrix formation, respectively. Further, they demonstrate that the mineralization state of bone independently controls gene expression in osteoblastic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wischmann
- Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Lenze
- Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Thiel
- Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sakina Bookbinder
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Oxana Schmidt
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, German Translational Cancer Research Consortium and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Burgkart
- Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Günther H S Richter
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, German Translational Cancer Research Consortium and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brunner M, Mandier N, Gautier T, Chevalier G, Ribba AS, Guardiola P, Block MR, Bouvard D. β1 integrins mediate the BMP2 dependent transcriptional control of osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196021. [PMID: 29677202 PMCID: PMC5909894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is a highly regulated process that requires coordinated information from both soluble factors and the extracellular matrix. Among these extracellular stimuli, chemical and physical properties of the matrix are sensed through cell surface receptors such as integrins and transmitted into the nucleus to drive specific gene expression. Here, we showed that the conditional deletion of β1 integrins in the osteo-precursor population severely impacts bone formation and homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro. Mutant mice displayed a severe bone deficit characterized by bone fragility and reduced bone mass. We showed that β1 integrins are required for proper BMP2 dependent signaling at the pre-osteoblastic stage, by positively modulating Smad1/5-dependent transcriptional activity at the nuclear level. The lack of β1 integrins results in a transcription modulation that relies on a cooperative defect with other transcription factors rather than a plain blunted BMP2 response. Our results point to a nuclear modulation of Smad1/5 transcriptional activity by β1 integrins, allowing a tight control of osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Brunner
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Noémie Mandier
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gautier
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Genevieve Chevalier
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ribba
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Guardiola
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire and University of Angers, SNP Plateform, Institute for Biological Health, Transcriptome and Epigenomic, Angers, France
| | - Marc R. Block
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maria S, Samsonraj RM, Munmun F, Glas J, Silvestros M, Kotlarczyk MP, Rylands R, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ, Enderby LT, Lassila H, Dodda B, Davis VL, Balk J, Burow M, Bunnell BA, Witt-Enderby PA. Biological effects of melatonin on osteoblast/osteoclast cocultures, bone, and quality of life: Implications of a role for MT2 melatonin receptors, MEK1/2, and MEK5 in melatonin-mediated osteoblastogenesis. J Pineal Res 2018; 64:10.1111/jpi.12465. [PMID: 29285799 PMCID: PMC6711668 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Melatonin Osteoporosis Prevention Study (MOPS) demonstrated that nightly melatonin resulted in a time-dependent decrease in equilibrium ratios of serum osteoclasts and osteoblasts in perimenopausal women. This study examines mechanisms related to the ratios of osteoblasts and osteoclasts using coculture models (transwell or layered) of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). Human MSC/PBMC cocultures exposed to melatonin in osteogenic (OS+) medium for 21 days induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization; however, only in layered cocultures did melatonin inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Melatonin effects were mediated through MT2 melatonin receptors, MEK1/2, and MEK5. In layered but not transwell cocultures, melatonin increased OPG:RANKL ratios by inhibiting RANKL, suggesting that contact with osteoclasts during osteoblastogenesis inhibits RANKL secretion. Melatonin modulated expression of ERK1/2, ERK5, β1 integrin, GLUT4, and IRβ that was dependent upon the type of coculture; however, in both cultures, melatonin increased RUNX2 and decreased PPARγ expression, indicating a role for metabolic processes that control osteogenic vs adipogenic cell fates of MSCs. Furthermore, melatonin also has osteoblast-inducing effects on human adipose-derived MSCs. In vivo, one-year nightly melatonin (15 mg/L) given to neu female mice in their drinking water increased pErk1/2, pErk5, Runx2, and Opg and Rankl levels in bone consistent with melatonin's already reported bone-enhancing effects. Finally, analysis of daily logs from the MOPS demonstrated a significant improvement in mood and perhaps sleep quality in women receiving melatonin vs placebo. The osteoblast-inducing, bone-enhancing effects of melatonin and improvement in quality of life suggest that melatonin is a safe and effective bone loss therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sifat Maria
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Fahima Munmun
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Glas
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Silvestros
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary P. Kotlarczyk
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Rylands
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Holly Lassila
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bala Dodda
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vicki L. Davis
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Judy Balk
- West Penn/Allegheny Health System, Drexel University and Temple University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matt Burow
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang C, Li L, Jiang Y, Wang C, Geng B, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu F, Qiu P, Zhai G, Chen P, Quan R, Wang J. Space microgravity drives transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis to adipogenesis. FASEB J 2018. [PMID: 29533735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700208rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation is linked with osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow. Microgravity in spaceflight is known to reduce bone formation. In this study, we used a real microgravity environment of the SJ-10 Recoverable Scientific Satellite to examine the effects of space microgravity on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs were induced toward osteogenic differentiation for 2 and 7 d in a cell culture device mounted on the SJ-10 satellite. The satellite returned to Earth after going through space experiments in orbit for 12 d, and cell samples were harvested and analyzed for differentiation potentials. The results showed that space microgravity inhibited osteogenic differentiation and resulted in adipogenic differentiation, even under osteogenic induction conditions. Under space microgravity, the expression of 10 genes specific for osteogenesis decreased, including collagen family members, alkaline phosphatase ( ALP), and runt-related transcription factor 2 ( RUNX2), whereas the expression of 4 genes specific for adipogenesis increased, including adipsin ( CFD), leptin ( LEP), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β ( CEBPB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ( PPARG). In the analysis of signaling pathways specific for osteogenesis, we found that the expression and activity of RUNX2 was inhibited, expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( BMP2) and activity of SMAD1/5/9 were decreased, and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ERK-1/2 declined significantly under space microgravity. These data indicate that space microgravity plays a dual role by decreasing RUNX2 expression and activity through the BMP2/SMAD and integrin/FAK/ERK pathways. In addition, we found that space microgravity increased p38 MAPK and protein kinase B (AKT) activities, which are important for the promotion of adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Space microgravity significantly decreased the expression of Tribbles homolog 3 ( TRIB3), a repressor of adipogenic differentiation. Y15, a specific inhibitor of FAK activity, was used to inhibit the activity of FAK under normal gravity; Y15 decreased protein expression of TRIB3. Therefore, it appears that space microgravity decreased FAK activity and thereby reduced TRIB3 expression and derepressed AKT activity. Under space microgravity, the increase in p38 MAPK activity and the derepression of AKT activity seem to synchronously lead to the activation of the signaling pathway specifically promoting adipogenesis.-Zhang, C., Li, L., Jiang, Y., Wang, C., Geng, B., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Liu, F., Qiu, P., Zhai, G., Chen, P., Quan, R., Wang, J. Space microgravity drives transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis to adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanda Jiang
- National Center of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Geng
- National Center of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- National Center of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- National Center of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjie Zhai
- National Center of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renfu Quan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oh SH, Kim JW, Kim Y, Lee MN, Kook MS, Choi EY, Im SY, Koh JT. The extracellular matrix protein Edil3 stimulates osteoblast differentiation through the integrin α5β1/ERK/Runx2 pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188749. [PMID: 29182679 PMCID: PMC5705136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domain 3 (Edil3) is an extracellular matrix protein containing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif that binds integrin. Recently, Edil3 has been implicated in various biological processes, including angiogenesis and cellular differentiation. It can inhibit inflammatory bone destruction. The objective of this study was to explore the role of Edil3 in osteoblast differentiation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. In wild-type mice, high expression levels of Edil3 mRNA were observed in isolated calvaria and tibia/femur bones. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Edil3 protein was localized along periosteum and calcified regions surrounding bone tissues. When murine calvaria-derived MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in osteogenic medium containing 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid and 5 mM β-glycerophosphate, Edil3 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased. Treatment with Edil3 protein in growth media increased expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin gene and phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Edil3 treatment with osteogenic medium induced mineralization. Treatment with a neutralizing antibody against α5β1 and MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibited Edil3-enhanced osteogenic marker gene expression and mineral deposition. Edil3 increased protein expression levels of transcription factor runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2). Edil3-induced Runx2 protein expression was suppressed by pretreatment with U0126. Taken together, these results suggest that Edil3 may stimulate osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by increasing expression of Runx2 through α5β1 integrin /ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Nam Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kook
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn-Young Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dejaeger M, Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Devriese J, Nefyodova E, Cardoen R, St-Arnaud R, Tournoy J, Luyten FP, Maes C. Integrin-Linked Kinase Regulates Bone Formation by Controlling Cytoskeletal Organization and Modulating BMP and Wnt Signaling in Osteoprogenitors. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2087-2102. [PMID: 28574598 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions constitute a fundamental aspect of skeletal cell biology and play essential roles in bone homeostasis. These interactions are primarily mediated by transmembrane integrin receptors, which mediate cell adhesion and transduce signals from the extracellular matrix to intracellular responses via various downstream effectors, including integrin-linked kinase (ILK). ILK functions as adaptor protein at focal adhesion sites, linking integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, and has been reported to act as a kinase phosphorylating signaling molecules such as GSK-3β and Akt. Thereby, ILK plays important roles in cellular attachment, motility, proliferation and survival. To assess the in vivo role of ILK signaling in osteoprogenitors and the osteoblast lineage cells descending thereof, we generated conditional knockout mice using the Osx-Cre:GFP driver strain. Mice lacking functional ILK in osterix-expressing cells and their derivatives showed no apparent developmental or growth phenotype, but by 5 weeks of age they displayed a significantly reduced trabecular bone mass, which persisted into adulthood in male mice. Histomorphometry and serum analysis indicated no alterations in osteoclast formation and activity, but provided evidence that osteoblast function was impaired, resulting in reduced bone mineralization and increased accumulation of unmineralized osteoid. In vitro analyses further substantiated that absence of ILK in osteogenic cells was associated with compromised collagen matrix production and mineralization. Mechanistically, we found evidence for both impaired cytoskeletal functioning and reduced signal transduction in osteoblasts lacking ILK. Indeed, loss of ILK in primary osteogenic cells impaired F-actin organization, cellular adhesion, spreading, and migration, indicative of defective coupling of cell-matrix interactions to the cytoskeleton. In addition, BMP/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was reduced in the absence of ILK. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions and ILK signaling in osteoprogenitors in the control of osteoblast functioning during juvenile bone mass acquisition and adult bone remodeling and homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Dejaeger
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna-Marei Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joke Devriese
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Nefyodova
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cardoen
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thiel A, Reumann MK, Boskey A, Wischmann J, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Osteoblast migration in vertebrate bone. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [PMID: 28631442 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation, for example during bone remodelling or fracture repair, requires mature osteoblasts to deposit bone with remarkable spatial precision. As osteoblast precursors derive either from circulation or resident stem cell pools, they and their progeny are required to migrate within the three-dimensional bone space and to navigate to their destination, i.e. to the site of bone formation. An understanding of this process is emerging based on in vitro and in vivo studies of several vertebrate species. Receptors on the osteoblast surface mediate cell adhesion and polarization, which induces osteoblast migration. Osteoblast migration is then facilitated along gradients of chemoattractants. The latter are secreted or released proteolytically by several cell types interacting with osteoblasts, including osteoclasts and vascular endothelial cells. The positions of these cellular sources of chemoattractants in relation to the position of the osteoblasts provide the migrating osteoblasts with tracks to their destination, and osteoblasts possess the means to follow a track marked by multiple chemoattractant gradients. In addition to chemotactic cues, osteoblasts sense other classes of signals and utilize them as landmarks for navigation. The composition of the osseous surface guides adhesion and hence migration efficiency and can also provide steering through haptotaxis. Further, it is likely that signals received from surface interactions modulate chemotaxis. Besides the nature of the surface, mechanical signals such as fluid flow may also serve as navigation signals for osteoblasts. Alterations in osteoblast migration and navigation might play a role in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Thiel
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Marie K Reumann
- Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Hospital, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adele Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A
| | - Johannes Wischmann
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ge C, Wang Z, Zhao G, Li B, Liao J, Sun H, Franceschi RT. Discoidin Receptor 2 Controls Bone Formation and Marrow Adipogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2193-2203. [PMID: 27341689 PMCID: PMC5135576 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play major roles in controlling progenitor cell fate and differentiation. The receptor tyrosine kinase, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), is an important mediator of interactions between cells and fibrillar collagens. DDR2 signals through both ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, which stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here we show that DDR2 is critical for skeletal development and differentiation of marrow progenitor cells to osteoblasts while suppressing marrow adipogenesis. Smallie mice (Ddr2slie/slie ), which contain a nonfunctional Ddr2 allele, have multiple skeletal defects. A progressive decrease in tibial trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) was observed when wild-type (WT), Ddr2wt/slie , and Ddr2slie/slie mice were compared. These changes were associated with reduced trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and increased trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) in both males and females, but reduced cortical thickness only in Ddr2slie/slie females. Bone changes were attributed to decreased bone formation rather than increased osteoclast activity. Significantly, marrow fat and adipocyte-specific mRNA expression were significantly elevated in Ddr2slie/slie animals. Additional skeletal defects include widened calvarial sutures and reduced vertebral trabecular bone. To examine the role of DDR2 signaling in cell differentiation, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were grown under osteogenic and adipogenic conditions. Ddr2slie/slie cells exhibited defective osteoblast differentiation and accelerated adipogenesis. Changes in differentiation were related to activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and PPARγ, transcription factors that are both controlled by MAPK-dependent phosphorylation. Specifically, the defective osteoblast differentiation in calvarial cells from Ddr2slie/slie mice was associated with reduced ERK/MAP kinase and RUNX2-S319 phosphorylation and could be rescued with a constitutively active phosphomimetic RUNX2 mutant. Also, DDR2 was shown to increase RUNX2-S319 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity while also increasing PPARγ-S112 phosphorylation, but reducing its activity. DDR2 is, therefore, important for maintenance of osteoblast activity and suppression of marrow adipogenesis in vivo and these actions are related to changes in MAPK-dependent RUNX2 and PPARγ phosphorylation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R.China
| | - Jinhui Liao
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Hanshi Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Teoh CM, Tan SSL, Tran T. Integrins as Therapeutic Targets for Respiratory Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:714-34. [PMID: 26391549 PMCID: PMC5427774 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150921105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of transmembrane heterodimeric proteins that constitute the main receptors for extracellular matrix components. Integrins were initially thought to be primarily involved in the maintenance of cell adhesion and tissue integrity. However, it is now appreciated that integrins play important roles in many other biological processes such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell shape and polarity. Lung cells express numerous combinations and permutations of integrin heterodimers. The complexity and diversity of different integrin heterodimers being implicated in different lung diseases present a major challenge for drug development. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of integrins from studies in cell culture to integrin knockout mouse models and provide an update of results from clinical trials for which integrins are therapeutic targets with a focus on respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Tran
- Department of Physiology, MD9, 2 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yan Y, Sun H, Gong Y, Yan Z, Zhang X, Guo Y, Wang Y. Mechanical strain promotes osteoblastic differentiation through integrin-β1-mediated β-catenin signaling. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:594-600. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
31
|
Li H, Sun S, Liu H, Chen H, Rong X, Lou J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu H. Use of a biological reactor and platelet-rich plasma for the construction of tissue-engineered bone to repair articular cartilage defects. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:711-719. [PMID: 27446265 PMCID: PMC4950899 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are a major clinical burden worldwide. Current methods to repair bone defects include bone autografts, allografts and external fixation. In recent years, the repair of bone defects by tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach. The present study aimed to assess a novel method using a biological reactor with platelet-rich plasma to construct tissue-engineered bone. Beagle bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and differentiated into osteoblasts and chondroblasts using platelet-rich plasma and tricalcium phosphate scaffolds cultured in a bioreactor for 3 weeks. The cell scaffold composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and implanted into beagles with articular cartilage defects. The expression of osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase and bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP) were assessed using polymerase chain reaction after 3 months. Articular cartilage specimens were observed histologically. Adhesion and distribution of BMSCs on the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold were confirmed by SEM. Histological examination revealed that in vivo bone defects were largely repaired 12 weeks following implantation. The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and BGLAP in the experimental groups were significantly elevated compared with the negative controls. BMSCs may be optimum seed cells for tissue engineering in bone repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a rich source of cytokines to promote BMSC function. The β-TCP scaffold is advantageous for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and 3D structure that promotes cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. The tissue-engineered bone was constructed in a bioreactor using BMSCs, β-TCP scaffolds and PRP and displayed appropriate morphology and biological function. The present study provides an efficient method for the generation of tissue-engineered bone for cartilage repair, compared with previously used methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haili Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jigang Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunbei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rasi Ghaemi S, Delalat B, Cetó X, Harding FJ, Tuke J, Voelcker NH. Synergistic influence of collagen I and BMP 2 drives osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A cell microarray analysis. Acta Biomater 2016. [PMID: 26196081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell microarrays are a novel platform for the high throughput discovery of new biomaterials. By re-creating a multitude of cell microenvironments on a single slide, this approach can identify the optimal surface composition to drive a desired cell response. To systematically study the effects of molecular microenvironments on stem cell fate, we designed a cell microarray based on parallel exposure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to surface-immobilised collagen I (Coll I) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2). This was achieved by means of a reactive coating on a slide surface, enabling the covalent anchoring of Coll I and BMP 2 as microscale spots printed by a robotic contact printer. The surface between the printed protein spots was passivated using poly (ethylene glycol) bisamine 10,000Da (A-PEG). MSCs were then captured and cultured on array spots composed of binary mixtures of Coll I and BMP 2, followed by automated image acquisition and quantitative, multi-parameter analysis of cellular responses. Surface compositions that gave the highest osteogenic differentiation were determined using Runx2 expression and calcium deposition. Quantitative single cell analysis revealed subtle concentration-dependent effects of surface-immobilised proteins on the extent of osteogenic differentiation obscured using conventional analysis. In particular, the synergistic interaction of Coll I and BMP 2 in supporting osteogenic differentiation was confirmed. Our studies demonstrate the value of cell microarray platforms to decipher the combinatorial interactions at play in stem cell niche microenvironments.
Collapse
|
33
|
Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:421746. [PMID: 26247020 PMCID: PMC4515490 DOI: 10.1155/2015/421746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 904] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes act as mechanosensors and orchestrators of the bone remodeling process. This process is under the control of local (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) and systemic (e.g., calcitonin and estrogens) factors that all together contribute for bone homeostasis. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation can result in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Recently, it has been recognized that, during bone remodeling, there are an intricate communication among bone cells. For instance, the coupling from bone resorption to bone formation is achieved by interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Moreover, osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, whereas osteocyte apoptosis is followed by osteoclastic bone resorption. The increasing knowledge about the structure and functions of bone cells contributed to a better understanding of bone biology. It has been suggested that there is a complex communication between bone cells and other organs, indicating the dynamic nature of bone tissue. In this review, we discuss the current data about the structure and functions of bone cells and the factors that influence bone remodeling.
Collapse
|
34
|
Voisin M, McNamara LM. Differential β3 and β1 Integrin Expression in Bone Marrow and Cortical Bone of Estrogen Deficient Rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1548-59. [PMID: 25974241 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-based (β3 ) attachments to the extracellular matrix (ECM) on osteocyte cell processes have recently been proposed to play an important role in facilitating osteocyte mechanosensation. However, it is not yet known whether integrin expression is altered in the mechanoregulatory osteocytes during osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the expression of integrin-based mechanosensory complexes (β1 and β3 integrins) is altered as a direct response to estrogen deficiency, in an estrogen deficient animal model of osteoporosis. Four weeks post-operatively, immunohistochemistry was used to detect for β1 and β3 integrin subunits in bone tissue and marrow of ovariectomized (OVX; N = 4) and SHAM (N = 4) operated animals. A tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) control stain was performed to quantify the presence of osteoclasts in the bone marrow and bone surfaces. Image analysis was performed to quantify expression patterns in different biological compartments, that is, bone marrow, endosteum, and cortical bone. Our results showed that β1 integrins were ubiquitously expressed throughout the bone and marrow, for both OVX and SHAM groups. β3 integrin subunit expression was lower in bone cells from osteoporotic animals compared to controls, whereas β3 expression in marrow cells did not differ significantly between groups. At the endosteum no difference was observed in β3 integrin subunit expression. As expected, the number of osteoclasts was higher in the OVX group validating an imbalance in bone remodeling. We propose that a reduction in β3 integrin expression in osteocytes might impair mechanosensation by bone cells during estrogen deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Voisin
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Skeletal loading is an important physiological regulator of bone mass. Theoretically, mechanical forces or administration of drugs that activate bone mechanosensors would be a novel treatment for osteoporotic disorders, particularly age-related osteoporosis and other bone loss caused by skeletal unloading. Uncertainty regarding the identity of the molecular targets that sense and transduce mechanical forces in bone, however, has limited the therapeutic exploitation of mechanosesning pathways to control bone mass. Recently, two evolutionally conserved mechanosensing pathways have been shown to function as "physical environment" sensors in cells of the osteoblasts lineage. Indeed, polycystin-1 (Pkd1, or PC1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2, or PC2' or TRPP2), which form a flow sensing receptor channel complex, and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, or WWTR1), which responds to the extracellular matrix microenvironment act in concert to reciprocally regulate osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis through co-activating Runx2 and a co-repressing PPARγ activities. Interactions of polycystins and TAZ with other putative mechanosensing mechanism, such as primary cilia, integrins and hemichannels, may create multifaceted mechanosensing networks in bone. Moreover, modulation of polycystins and TAZ interactions identify novel molecular targets to develop small molecules that mimic the effects of mechanical loading on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38165, USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38165, USA
- Coleman College of Medicine Building, Suite B216, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zeng Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li R, Zhang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zou X. Integrin-β1, not integrin-β5, mediates osteoblastic differentiation and ECM formation promoted by mechanical tensile strain. Biol Res 2015; 48:25. [PMID: 25971622 PMCID: PMC4436743 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical strain plays a great role in growth and differentiation of osteoblast. A previous study indicated that integrin-β (β1, β5) mediated osteoblast proliferation promoted by mechanical tensile strain. However, the involvement of integrin-β in osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation induced by mechanical tensile strain, remains unclear. RESULTS After transfection with integrin-β1 siRNA or integrin-β5 siRNA, mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured in cell culture dishes and stimulated with mechanical tensile strain of 2500 microstrain (με) at 0.5 Hz applied once a day for 1 h over 3 or 5 consecutive days. The cyclic tensile strain promoted osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Transfection with integrin-β1 siRNA attenuated the osteoblastic diffenentiation induced by the tensile strain. By contrast, transfection with integrin-β5 siRNA had little effect on the osteoblastic differentiation induced by the strain. At the same time, the result of ECM formation promoted by the strain, was similar to the osteoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSION Integrin-β1 mediates osteoblast differentiation and osteoblastic ECM formation promoted by cyclic tensile strain, and integrin-β5 is not involved in the osteoblasts response to the tensile strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangcheng Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Macromolecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China. .,Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Yongming Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ruixin Li
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Xinchang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Chemistry Department, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xizheng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Synergistic effect of nanomaterials and BMP-2 signalling in inducing osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:219-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Shekaran A, Shoemaker JT, Kavanaugh TE, Lin AS, LaPlaca MC, Fan Y, Guldberg RE, García AJ. The effect of conditional inactivation of beta 1 integrins using twist 2 Cre, Osterix Cre and osteocalcin Cre lines on skeletal phenotype. Bone 2014; 68:131-41. [PMID: 25183373 PMCID: PMC4189988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal development and growth are complex processes regulated by multiple microenvironmental cues, including integrin-ECM interactions. The β1 sub-family of integrins is the largest integrin sub-family and constitutes the main integrin binding partners of collagen I, the major ECM component of bone. As complete β1 integrin knockout results in embryonic lethality, studies of β1 integrin function in vivo rely on tissue-specific gene deletions. While multiple in vitro studies indicate that β1 integrins are crucial regulators of osteogenesis and mineralization, in vivo osteoblast-specific perturbations of β1 integrins have resulted in mild and sometimes contradictory skeletal phenotypes. To further investigate the role of β1 integrins on skeletal phenotype, we used the Twist2-Cre, Osterix-Cre and osteocalcin-Cre lines to generate conditional β1 integrin deletions, where Cre is expressed primarily in mesenchymal condensation, pre-osteoblast, and mature osteoblast lineage cells respectively within these lines. Mice with Twist2-specific β1 integrin disruption were smaller, had impaired skeletal development, especially in the craniofacial and vertebral tissues at E19.5, and did not survive beyond birth. Osterix-specific β1 integrin deficiency resulted in viable mice which were normal at birth but displayed early defects in calvarial ossification, incisor eruption and growth as well as femoral bone mineral density, structure, and mechanical properties. Although these defects persisted into adulthood, they became milder with age. Finally, a lack of β1 integrins in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes resulted in minor alterations to femur structure but had no effect on mineral density, biomechanics or fracture healing. Taken together, our data indicate that β1 integrin expression in early mesenchymal condensations play an important role in skeletal ossification, while β1 integrin-ECM interactions in pre-osteoblast, odontoblast- and hypertrophic chondryocyte-lineage cells regulate incisor eruption and perinatal bone formation in both intramembranously and endochondrally formed bones in young, rapidly growing mice. In contrast, the osteocalcin-specific β1 integrin deletion had only minor effects on skeletal phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Shekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - James T Shoemaker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Angela S Lin
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michelle C LaPlaca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yuhong Fan
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matsugaki A, Aramoto G, Ninomiya T, Sawada H, Hata S, Nakano T. Abnormal arrangement of a collagen/apatite extracellular matrix orthogonal to osteoblast alignment is constructed by a nanoscale periodic surface structure. Biomaterials 2014; 37:134-43. [PMID: 25453944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and directional alteration of cells is essential for structurally appropriate construction of tissues and organs. In particular, osteoblast alignment is crucial for the realization of anisotropic bone tissue microstructure. In this article, the orientation of a collagen/apatite extracellular matrix (ECM) was established by controlling osteoblast alignment using a surface geometry with nanometer-sized periodicity induced by laser ablation. Laser irradiation induced self-organized periodic structures (laser-induced periodic surface structures; LIPSS) with a spatial period equal to the wavelength of the incident laser on the surface of biomedical alloys of Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Cr-Mo. Osteoblast orientation was successfully induced parallel to the grating structure. Notably, both the fibrous orientation of the secreted collagen matrix and the c-axis of the produced apatite crystals were orientated orthogonal to the cell direction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that bone tissue anisotropy is controllable, including the characteristic organization of a collagen/apatite composite orthogonal to the osteoblast orientation, by controlling the cell alignment using periodic surface geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aira Matsugaki
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gento Aramoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ninomiya
- Canon Machinery Inc., 85, Minami Yamada-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawada
- Canon Machinery Inc., 85, Minami Yamada-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hata
- Department of Electrical and Materials Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
COMP-angiopoietin1 potentiates the effects of bone morphogenic protein-2 on ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110593. [PMID: 25329960 PMCID: PMC4201557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered essential for proper bone regeneration. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a combined therapy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein angiopoietin-1 (COMP-Ang1) can potentiate the therapeutic effect of BMP-2 in a rat model of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (INFH). INFH was surgically induced in the femoral head of rats, and the animals were divided into the following groups: 1) a sham-operated group (sham group), 2) a bovine serum albumin-injected group (BSA group), 3) a BMP-2-injected group (BMP-2 group), and 4) a COMP-Ang1 and BMP-2-injected group (COMP-Ang1 + BMP-2 group) (n = 20/group). Radiologic, histologic, and histomorphometric assessments were performed to assess femoral head morphology, vascular density, and bone resorption activity. Western blots and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate production of BMP-related signaling proteins in C3H10T1/2 cells and tissues. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to investigate expression of the target integrin gene, and the effect of integrin on C3H10T1/2 cells was determined using a cell adhesion assay. Radiographs obtained six weeks after injection revealed better preservation of the architecture of the femoral head in the COMP-Ang1 + BMP-2 group compared with the BSA and BMP-2 groups. Histological findings indicated increased trabecular bone and vascularity and decreased osteoclast bone resorption activity in the COMP-Ang1 + BMP-2 group compared with those in the BSA and BMP-2 groups. The combination of COMP-Ang1 and BMP-2 increased phosphorylation of Smad1/3/5, p38, and Akt. Increased integrin α3 and β1 mRNA expression in the COMP-Ang1 + BMP-2 group promoted cell adhesion. These results suggest that COMP-Ang1 preserved the necrotic femoral head through the potentiation of BMP-2 signaling pathways and angiogenesis. Combination treatment with COMP-Ang1 and BMP-2 may be a clinically useful therapeutic application in INFH.
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Moussa FM, Hisijara IA, Sondag GR, Scott EM, Frara N, Abdelmagid SM, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin Promotes Osteoblast Adhesion Through HSPG and αvβ1 Integrin. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1243-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad M. Moussa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Kent State University; Kent Ohio
| | | | - Gregory R. Sondag
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Kent State University; Kent Ohio
| | - Ethan M. Scott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio
| | - Nagat Frara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Samir M. Abdelmagid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio
| | - Fayez F. Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Kent State University; Kent Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Docheva D, Popov C, Alberton P, Aszodi A. Integrin signaling in skeletal development and function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:13-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 80336 Munich Germany
| | - Cvetan Popov
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 80336 Munich Germany
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 80336 Munich Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 80336 Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim JM, Lee JE, Ho Ryu S, Suh PG. Chlormadinone acetate promotes osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through the ERK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 726:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
The ageing skeleton experiences a progressive decline in the rate of bone formation, which can eventually result in osteoporosis--a common disease characterized by reduced bone mass and altered bone microarchitecture which can result in fractures. One emerging therapy involves the identification of molecules that target bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and promote their differentiation into osteoblasts, thereby counteracting bone loss. This Review highlights the discovery that some integrins, a family of heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that can interact with matrix proteins and generate intracellular signals, can be targeted to promote homing of MSCs to bone, osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Specifically, priming of the α(5)β(1) integrin, which is required for osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs, leads to increased bone formation and improved bone repair in mice. Additionally, treatment with a peptidomimetic ligand of the α(4)β(1) integrin coupled to an agent with a high affinity for bone improves the homing of MSCs to bone and promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, leading to increased bone mass in osteopenic mice. Strategies that target key integrins expressed by MSCs might, therefore, translate into improved therapies for age-related bone loss and possibly other disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 606, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
New insights into adhesion signaling in bone formation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 305:1-68. [PMID: 23890379 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407695-2.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mineralized tissues that are protective scaffolds in the most primitive species have evolved and acquired more specific functions in modern animals. These are as diverse as support in locomotion, ion homeostasis, and precise hormonal regulation. Bone formation is tightly controlled by a balance between anabolism, in which osteoblasts are the main players, and catabolism mediated by the osteoclasts. The bone matrix is deposited in a cyclic fashion during homeostasis and integrates several environmental cues. These include diffusible elements that would include estrogen or growth factors and physicochemical parameters such as bone matrix composition, stiffness, and mechanical stress. Therefore, the microenvironment is of paramount importance for controlling this delicate equilibrium. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent data highlighting the role of cell-adhesion molecules during bone formation. Due to the very large scope of the topic, we focus mainly on the role of the integrin receptor family during osteogenesis. Bone phenotypes of some deficient mice as well as diseases of human bones involving cell adhesion during this process are discussed in the context of bone physiology.
Collapse
|
47
|
Thompson WR, Rubin CT, Rubin J. Mechanical regulation of signaling pathways in bone. Gene 2012; 503:179-93. [PMID: 22575727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of cell types depend on mechanically induced signals to enable appropriate physiological responses. The skeleton is particularly dependent on mechanical information to guide the resident cell population towards adaptation, maintenance and repair. Research at the organ, tissue, cell and molecular levels has improved our understanding of how the skeleton can recognize the functional environment, and how these challenges are translated into cellular information that can site-specifically alter phenotype. This review first considers those cells within the skeleton that are responsive to mechanical signals, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and osteoprogenitors. This is discussed in light of a range of experimental approaches that can vary parameters such as strain, fluid shear stress, and pressure. The identity of mechanoreceptor candidates is approached, with consideration of integrins, pericellular tethers, focal adhesions, ion channels, cadherins, connexins, and the plasma membrane including caveolar and non-caveolar lipid rafts and their influence on integral signaling protein interactions. Several mechanically regulated intracellular signaling cascades are detailed including activation of kinases (Akt, MAPK, FAK), β-catenin, GTPases, and calcium signaling events. While the interaction of bone cells with their mechanical environment is complex, an understanding of mechanical regulation of bone signaling is crucial to understanding bone physiology, the etiology of diseases such as osteoporosis, and to the development of interventions to improve bone strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pitsillides AA, Rawlinson SCF. Using cell and organ culture models to analyze responses of bone cells to mechanical stimulation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 816:593-619. [PMID: 22130954 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-415-5_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells of the osteoblastic lineage are responsive to the local mechanical environment. Through integration of a number of possible loading-induced regulatory stimuli, osteocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast behaviour is organized to fashion a skeletal element of sufficient strength and toughness to resist fracture and crack propagation. Early pre-osteogenic responses had been determined in vivo and this led to the development of bone organ culture models to elucidate other pre-osteogenic responses where osteocytes and osteoblasts retain the natural orientation, connections and attachments to their native extracellular matrix. The application of physiological mechanical loads to bone in these organ culture models generates the regulatory stimuli. As a consequence, these experiments can be used to illustrate the distinctive mechanisms by which osteocytes and osteoblasts respond to mechanical loads and also differences in these responses, suggesting co-ordinated and cooperatively between cell populations. Organ explant cultures are awkward to maintain, and have a limited life, but length of culture times are improving. Monolayer cultures are much easier to maintain and permit the application of a particular mechanical stimulation to be studied in isolation; mainly direct mechanical strain or fluid shear strains. These allow for the response of a single cell type to the applied mechanical stimulation to be monitored precisely.The techniques that can be used to apply mechanical strain to bone and bone cells have not advanced greatly since the first edition. The output from such experiments has, however, increased substantially and their importance is now more broadly accepted. This suggests a growing use of these approaches and an increasing awareness of the importance of the mechanical environment in controlling normal bone cell behaviour. We expand the text to include additions and modifications made to the straining apparatus and update the research cited to support this growing role of cell and organ culture models to analyze responses of bone cells to mechanical stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Pitsillides
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Izu Y, Sun M, Zwolanek D, Veit G, Williams V, Cha B, Jepsen KJ, Koch M, Birk DE. Type XII collagen regulates osteoblast polarity and communication during bone formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:1115-30. [PMID: 21670218 PMCID: PMC3115787 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Type XII collagen–null mice have fragile bones with disorganized collagen fiber arrangement, decreased bone matrix formation, and delayed osteoblast differentiation. Differentiated osteoblasts are polarized in regions of bone deposition, demonstrate extensive cell interaction and communication, and are responsible for bone formation and quality. Type XII collagen is a fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helices and has been implicated in the osteoblast response to mechanical forces. Type XII collagen is expressed by osteoblasts and localizes to areas of bone formation. A transgenic mouse null for type XII collagen exhibits skeletal abnormalities including shorter, more slender long bones with decreased mechanical strength as well as altered vertebrae structure compared with wild-type mice. Col12a−/− osteoblasts have decreased bone matrix deposition with delayed maturation indicated by decreased bone matrix protein expression. Compared with controls, Col12a−/− osteoblasts are disorganized and less polarized with disrupted cell–cell interactions, decreased connexin43 expression, and impaired gap junction function. The data demonstrate important regulatory roles for type XII collagen in osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Izu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Crockett JC, Rogers MJ, Coxon FP, Hocking LJ, Helfrich MH. Bone remodelling at a glance. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:991-8. [PMID: 21402872 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.063032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Crockett
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|