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Niu X, Melendez DL, Raj S, Cai J, Senadeera D, Mandelbaum J, Shestopalov IA, Martin SD, Zon LI, Schlaeger TM, Lai LP, McMahon AP, Craft AM, Galloway JL. A conserved transcription factor regulatory program promotes tendon fate. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00489-1. [PMID: 39216481 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Tendons, which transmit force from muscles to bones, are highly prone to injury. Understanding the mechanisms driving tendon fate would impact efforts to improve tendon healing, yet this knowledge is limited. To find direct regulators of tendon progenitor emergence, we performed a zebrafish high-throughput chemical screen. We established forskolin as a tenogenic inducer across vertebrates, functioning through Creb1a, which is required and sufficient for tendon fate. Putative enhancers containing cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements (CREs) in humans, mice, and fish drove specific expression in zebrafish cranial and fin tendons. Analysis of these genomic regions identified motifs for early B cell factor (Ebf/EBF) transcription factors. Mutation of CRE or Ebf/EBF motifs significantly disrupted enhancer activity and specificity in tendons. Zebrafish ebf1a/ebf3a mutants displayed defects in tendon formation. Notably, Creb1a/CREB1 and Ebf1a/Ebf3a/EBF1 overexpression facilitated tenogenic induction in zebrafish and human pluripotent stem cells. Together, our work identifies the functional conservation of two transcription factors in promoting tendon fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Delmy L Melendez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suyash Raj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junming Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dulanjalee Senadeera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Mandelbaum
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilya A Shestopalov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott D Martin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lick Pui Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - April M Craft
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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2
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Zhang H, Zheng C, Chen W, Li X, Wang J, Wang T, Zhao Q, Huang H, Li Y, Yang C, Xie K, Pan S, Wang B, Wang C, Tang Y, Li K, Liu J, Wang L. PP2 alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin and activating TGF-β/Smad signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110948. [PMID: 37774483 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of the Src inhibitor PP2 on osteoarthritis (OA) progression. METHODS The protein expressions of Src, p-Src (y418) and p-FAK in normal and OA human chondrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. Chondrocytes from the femur and tibial plateau of 3-day-old mice were extracted and inoculated into 6-well plates. The chondrocytes were co-cultured with IL-1β and different doses of PP2, and then the degeneration of extracellular matrix was analyzed. A mouse OA model was induced by destabilizing medial meniscectomy of the right knee. Two weeks after the operation, different doses of PP2 were injected intraperitoneally. The drug was given three times a week for 6 weeks, and then the mice were sacrificed. Histopathological, IF and immunoblotting analyses were used to detect key OA catabolic markers and protein expression and related signaling. RESULTS The levels of Src, p-Src (y418) and p-FAK in the knee cartilage tissue of patients with OA were abnormally increased. After chondrocytes were co-treated with IL-1β and different doses of PP2, the results showed that PP2 reduced the abnormal increase of β-catenin, p-β-catenin and other proteins induced by IL-1β, and reversed the decrease of p-Smad3, aggrecan and collagen Ⅱ protein levels. Meanwhile, intraperitoneal injection of PP2 in vivo significantly reduced the degeneration of articular cartilage in the OA mouse model. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that targeting Src with PP2 protected against cartilage destruction in an OA mouse model by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin and activating TGF-β/Smad signaling, suggesting that Src may be a potential therapeutic target for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanchuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Taikun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Kegong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengcai Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523820, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseass, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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3
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Quadri N, Upadhyai P. Primary cilia in skeletal development and disease. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113751. [PMID: 37574037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based sensory organelle present in most vertebrate cells with a fundamental role in the modulation of organismal development, morphogenesis, and repair. Here we focus on the role of primary cilia in embryonic and postnatal skeletal development. We examine evidence supporting its involvement in physiochemical and developmental signaling that regulates proliferation, patterning, differentiation and homeostasis of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and their progenitor cells in the skeleton. We discuss how signaling effectors in mechanotransduction and bone development, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Fibroblast growth factor and second messenger pathways operate at least in part at the primary cilium. The relevance of primary cilia in bone formation and maintenance is underscored by a growing list of rare genetic skeletal ciliopathies. We collate these findings and summarize the current understanding of molecular factors and mechanisms governing primary ciliogenesis and ciliary function in skeletal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Quadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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4
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Chen X, Liang XM, Zheng J, Dong YH. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α regulates chondrogenic differentiation via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:490-501. [PMID: 37342217 PMCID: PMC10277961 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied to treat degenerative articular diseases, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) may enhance their therapeutic efficacy. However, the regulatory effects of SDF-1α on cartilage differentiation remain largely unknown. Identifying the specific regulatory effects of SDF-1α on MSCs will provide a useful target for the treatment of degenerative articular diseases.
AIM To explore the role and mechanism of SDF-1α in cartilage differentiation of MSCs and primary chondrocytes.
METHODS The expression level of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in MSCs was assessed by immunofluorescence. MSCs treated with SDF-1α were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and with Alcian blue to observe differentiation. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9, aggrecan, collagen II, runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen X, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13 in untreated MSCs, of aggrecan, collagen II, collagen X, and MMP13 in SDF-1α-treated primary chondrocytes, of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) p-GSK3β and β-catenin expression in SDF-1α-treated MSCs, and of aggrecan, collagen X, and MMP13 in SDF-1α-treated MSCs in the presence or absence of ICG-001 (SDF-1α inhibitor).
RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed CXCR4 expression in the membranes of MSCs. ALP stain was intensified in MSCs treated with SDF-1α for 14 d. The SDF-1α treatment promoted expression of collagen X and MMP13 during cartilage differentiation, whereas it had no effect on the expression of collagen II or aggrecan nor on the formation of cartilage matrix in MSCs. Further, those SDF-1α-mediated effects on MSCs were validated in primary chondrocytes. SDF-1α promoted the expression of p-GSK3β and β-catenin in MSCs. And, finally, inhibition of this pathway by ICG-001 (5 µmol/L) neutralized the SDF-1α-mediated up-regulation of collagen X and MMP13 expression in MSCs.
CONCLUSION SDF-1α may promote hypertrophic cartilage differentiation in MSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide further evidence for the use of MSCs and SDF-1α in the treatment of cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia-Ming Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong-Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
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5
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Wnt signaling in stem cells during development and cell lineage specification. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:121-143. [PMID: 36967192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
During embryo development, cell proliferation, cell fate specification and tissue patterning are coordinated and tightly regulated by a handful of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways activated by secreted growth factor families including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nodal/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog and Wnt. The spatial and temporal activation of these signaling pathways elicit context-specific cellular responses that ultimately shape the different tissues of the embryo. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways during embryo development, adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we first describe the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during early embryo development, axis specification and cell differentiation as a prelude to highlight how this knowledge is being leveraged to manipulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity with small molecules and biologics for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into various cell lineages that are physiologically relevant for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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6
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Paul B, Dockery R, Valverde VM, Buchholz DR. Characterization of a novel corticosterone response gene in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tails. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1121002. [PMID: 36777337 PMCID: PMC9910334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids are critical for development and for mediating stress responses across diverse vertebrate taxa. Study of frog metamorphosis has made significant breakthroughs in our understanding of corticosteroid signaling during development in non-mammalian vertebrate species. However, lack of adequate corticosterone (CORT) response genes in tadpoles make identification and quantification of CORT responses challenging. Here, we characterized a CORT-response gene frzb (frizzled related protein) previously identified in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tail skin by an RNA-seq study. We validated the RNA-seq results that CORT and not thyroid hormone induces frzb in the tails using quantitative PCR. Further, maximum frzb expression was achieved by 100-250 nM CORT within 12-24 hours. frzb is not significantly induced in the liver and brain in response to 100 nM CORT. We also found no change in frzb expression across natural metamorphosis when endogenous CORT levels peak. Surprisingly, frzb is only induced by CORT in X. tropicalis tails and not in Xenopus laevis tails. The exact downstream function of increased frzb expression in tails in response to CORT is not known, but the specificity of hormone response and its high mRNA expression levels in the tail render frzb a useful marker of exogenous CORT-response independent of thyroid hormone for exogenous hormone treatments and in-vivo endocrine disruption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rejenae Dockery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Valery M. Valverde
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences TecSalud Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Daniel R. Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel R. Buchholz,
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7
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Han R, Han L, Xia Y, Guo M, Li H. lncRNA Sequencing of Antler Mesenchymal Tissue Revealed that the Regulatory Network of Antler Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1629-1638. [PMID: 34010106 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1924762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antlers have been widely studied due to their unique physiological characteristics, such as rapid growth, periodic shedding and regeneration. However, little is known about how antler growth is regulated by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The aim of the present study was to identify the lncRNAs expression profile and explore the function of lncRNAs during the antler growth. Herein, RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq) was performed on the three growth periods (early developmental period: EP, middle developmental period: MP, later developmental period: LP) of male sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler, 16 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 11 DE lncRNAs were identified in EP vs MP and MP vs LP related to cell proliferation and cell differentiation, respectively. Finally, lncRNAs-mRNAs co-expression networks were constructed based on the identified DE lncRNAs and their potential trans-target genes. The result reveals that lncRNAs may play diverse roles in different periods of antler growth. It provides a novel perspective for revealing the molecular mechanism of antler growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Xia
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengya Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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8
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Tiffany AS, Harley BA. Growing Pains: The Need for Engineered Platforms to Study Growth Plate Biology. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200471. [PMID: 35905390 PMCID: PMC9547842 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growth plates, or physis, are highly specialized cartilage tissues responsible for longitudinal bone growth in children and adolescents. Chondrocytes that reside in growth plates are organized into three distinct zones essential for proper function. Modeling key features of growth plates may provide an avenue to develop advanced tissue engineering strategies and perspectives for cartilage and bone regenerative medicine applications and a platform to study processes linked to disease progression. In this review, a brief introduction of the growth plates and their role in skeletal development is first provided. Injuries and diseases of the growth plates as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms associated with remodeling and disease progression are discussed. Growth plate biology, namely, its architecture and extracellular matrix organization, resident cell types, and growth factor signaling are then focused. Next, opportunities and challenges for developing 3D biomaterial models to study aspects of growth plate biology and disease in vitro are discussed. Finally, opportunities for increasingly sophisticated in vitro biomaterial models of the growth plate to study spatiotemporal aspects of growth plate remodeling, to investigate multicellular signaling underlying growth plate biology, and to develop platforms that address key roadblocks to in vivo musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleczandria S. Tiffany
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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9
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Hallett SA, Ono W, Franceschi RT, Ono N. Cranial Base Synchondrosis: Chondrocytes at the Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7817. [PMID: 35887171 PMCID: PMC9317907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial base is formed by endochondral ossification and functions as a driver of anteroposterior cranial elongation and overall craniofacial growth. The cranial base contains the synchondroses that are composed of opposite-facing layers of resting, proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes with unique developmental origins, both in the neural crest and mesoderm. In humans, premature ossification of the synchondroses causes midfacial hypoplasia, which commonly presents in patients with syndromic craniosynostoses and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Major signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate the long bone growth plate-PTHrP-Ihh, FGF, Wnt, BMP signaling and Runx2-are also involved in the cranial base synchondrosis. Here, we provide an updated overview of the cranial base synchondrosis and the cell population within, as well as its molecular regulation, and further discuss future research opportunities to understand the unique function of this craniofacial skeletal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. Hallett
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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10
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Schizas NP, Zafeiris C, Neri AA, Anastasopoulos PP, Papaioannou NA, Dontas IA. Inhibition versus activation of canonical Wnt-signaling, to promote chondrogenic differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. A review. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2021; 13:27098. [PMID: 34745485 DOI: 10.52965/001c.27098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling regulation is essential for controlling stemness and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the mechanism through which canonical Wnt-dependent MSC lineage commitment leads to chondrogenesis is controversial. Some studies hypothesize that inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling induces MSC chondrogenic differentiation, while others support that the pathway should be activated to achieve MSC chondrogenesis. The purpose of the present review is to analyze data from recent studies to elucidate parameters regarding the role of canonical Wnt signaling in MSC chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ismene A Dontas
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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11
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Abraham SP, Nita A, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Cilia kinases in skeletal development and homeostasis. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:577-608. [PMID: 34582081 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are dynamic compartments that regulate multiple aspects of cellular signaling. The production, maintenance, and function of cilia involve more than 1000 genes in mammals, and their mutations disrupt the ciliary signaling which manifests in a plethora of pathological conditions-the ciliopathies. Skeletal ciliopathies are genetic disorders affecting the development and homeostasis of the skeleton, and encompass a broad spectrum of pathologies ranging from isolated polydactyly to lethal syndromic dysplasias. The recent advances in forward genetics allowed for the identification of novel regulators of skeletogenesis, and revealed a growing list of ciliary proteins that are critical for signaling pathways implicated in bone physiology. Among these, a group of protein kinases involved in cilia assembly, maintenance, signaling, and disassembly has emerged. In this review, we summarize the functions of cilia kinases in skeletal development and disease, and discuss the available and upcoming treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Thorup AS, Strachan D, Caxaria S, Poulet B, Thomas BL, Eldridge SE, Nalesso G, Whiteford JR, Pitzalis C, Aigner T, Corder R, Bertrand J, Dell'Accio F. ROR2 blockade as a therapy for osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/561/eaax3063. [PMID: 32938794 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by the loss of the articular cartilage, bone remodeling, pain, and disability. No pharmacological intervention can currently halt progression of osteoarthritis. Here, we show that blocking receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) improves cartilage integrity and pain in osteoarthritis models by inhibiting yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling. ROR2 was up-regulated in the cartilage in response to inflammatory cytokines and mechanical stress. The main ligand for ROR2, WNT5A, and the targets YAP and connective tissue growth factor were up-regulated in osteoarthritis in humans. In vitro, ROR2 overexpression inhibited chondrocytic differentiation. Conversely, ROR2 blockade triggered chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells and suppressed the expression of the cartilage-degrading enzymes a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5. The chondrogenic effect of ROR2 blockade in the cartilage was independent of WNT signaling and was mediated by down-regulation of YAP signaling. ROR2 signaling induced G protein and Rho-dependent nuclear accumulation of YAP, and YAP inhibition was required but not sufficient for ROR2 blockade-induced chondrogenesis. ROR2 silencing protected mice from instability-induced osteoarthritis with improved structural outcomes, sustained pain relief, and without apparent side effects or organ toxicity. Last, ROR2 silencing in human articular chondrocytes transplanted in nude mice led to the formation of cartilage organoids with more and better differentiated extracellular matrix, suggesting that the anabolic effect of ROR2 blockade is conserved in humans. Thus, ROR2 blockade is efficacious and well tolerated in preclinical animal models of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Thorup
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Danielle Strachan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Caxaria
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Bethan L Thomas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Giovanna Nalesso
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - James R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas Aigner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center Coburg, Ketschendorferstrasse 33, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Roger Corder
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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13
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Angioni MM, Floris A, Cangemi I, Congia M, Chessa E, Orrù S, Piga M, Cauli A. Gene Expression Profiling of Monozygotic Twins Affected by Psoriatic Arthritis. Open Access Rheumatol 2021; 13:23-29. [PMID: 33692638 PMCID: PMC7939499 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s291391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a multifactorial disease, where the relative burden of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in clinical course and damage accrual is not yet definitively clarified. In clinical practice, there is a real need for useful candidate biomarkers in PsA diagnosis and disease progression, by exploring its underlying transcriptomic and epigenomic mechanisms. This work aims to profile the transcriptome in monozygotic (MZ) twins with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) highly concordant for clinical presentation, but discordant for the radiographic outcomes’ severity. Methods We describe i) the clinical case of two MZ twins; ii) their comparative gene expression profiling (HTA 2.0 Affymetrix) and iii) signal pathways and pathophysiological processes in which differentially expressed genes are involved (in silico analysis by the IPA software, QIAGEN). Results One hundred sixty-three transcripts and 36 coding genes (28 up and 8 down) were differentially expressed between twins, and in the brother with the most erosive form, the transcriptomic profiling highlights the overexpression of genes known to be involved in immunomodulatory processes and on a broad spectrum of PsA manifestations. Discussion Twins’ clinical cases are still a gold mine in medical research: twin brothers are ideal experimental models in estimating the relative importance of genetic versus nongenetic components as determinants of complex phenotypes, non-Mendelian and multifactorial diseases as PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Angioni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Floris
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Ignazio Cangemi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Mattia Congia
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chessa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
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14
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Thorup AS, Dell'Accio F, Eldridge SE. Lessons from joint development for cartilage repair in the clinic. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:360-376. [PMID: 32738003 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 250 years ago, William Hunter stated that when cartilage is destroyed it never recovers. In the last 20 years, the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to joint formation and the knowledge that some of these mechanisms are reactivated in the homeostatic responses of cartilage to injury has offered an unprecedented therapeutic opportunity to achieve cartilage regeneration. Very large investments in ambitious clinical trials are finally revealing that, although we do not have perfect medicines yet, disease modification is a feasible possibility for human osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Thorup
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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15
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Oichi T, Otsuru S, Usami Y, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Iwamoto M. Wnt signaling in chondroprogenitors during long bone development and growth. Bone 2020; 137:115368. [PMID: 32380258 PMCID: PMC7354209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling together with other signaling pathways governs cartilage development and the growth plate function during long bone formation and growth. β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling is a specific lineage determinant of skeletal mesenchymal cells toward chondrogenic or osteogenic direction. Once cartilage forms and the growth plate organize, Wnt signaling continues to regulate proliferation and differentiation of the growth plate chondrocytes. Although chondrocytes in the growth plate have a high capacity to proliferate, new cells must be supplied to the growth plate from chondroprogenitor population. Advances in in vivo cell tracking techniques have demonstrated the importance of Wnt signaling in driving tissue renewal. The Wnt-responsive cells, genetically marked by the Wnt-reporter system, are found as stem cells in various tissues. Similarly, Wnt-responsive cells are found in the periphery of the growth plate and expanded to constitute entire column structure, indicating that Wnt signaling participates in the regulation of chondroprogenitors in the growth plate. This review will discuss advancements in research of progenitors in the growth plate, specifically focusing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Oichi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Hou W, Zhang D, Feng X, Zhou Y. Low magnitude high frequency vibration promotes chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells with involvement of β-catenin signaling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104860. [PMID: 32791354 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known to have the capability to form bone and cartilage, and chondrogenesis derived from MSCs is reported to be affected by mechanical stimuli. This research aimed to study the effects of low magnitude high frequency (LMHF) vibration on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) which were cultured with chondrogenic medium, and to investigate the role of β-catenin cascade in this process. METHODS Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were isolated and randomized into vibration and static cultures. The effect of vibration on BMSCs proliferation, differentiation and chondrogenic potential was assessed at the protein level. RESULTS LMHFV did not affect the proliferation of BMSCs. However, this was accompanied by increased markers of chondrogenesis. The protein expression of chondrocyte-specific markers of Aggrecan, Sox9, and BMP7 were upregulated and Collagen X was decreased by LMHF vibration introduced at the chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Specifically, thicker blue-stained particles were observed in Alcian Blue staining and the level of glycosaminoglycan were significantly increased respectively in the vibration culture group by 56.5 % and 93.6 % on the 7th and 14th day. The expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were activated in a significant manner. And inhibition of GSK-3β activity with Licl rearranged and intensified the cytoskeleton affected by vibration stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that LMHF mechanical vibration promotes BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation and implies β-catenin signal acts as an essential mediator in the mechano-biochemical transduction and subsequent transcriptional regulation in the process of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hou
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Denghui Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
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17
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Yang L, Wang Z, Zou C, Mi Y, Tang H, Wu X. Ubiquitin-specific protease 49 attenuates IL-1β-induced rat primary chondrocyte apoptosis by facilitating Axin deubiquitination and subsequent Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade inhibition. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:263-275. [PMID: 32737772 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related chronic joint degenerative disease. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is considered a marker for the progression of OA. In this study, we found that Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 49 (USP49) was significantly less expressed in OA patients compared with healthy individuals. Treating primary rat chondrocytes with different concentrations of IL-1β resulted in decreased Usp49 expression, while Usp49 overexpression could attenuate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by promoting Axin deubiquitination. The deubiquitination of Axin led to the accumulation of the protein, which in turn resulted in β-catenin degradation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade inhibition. Interestingly, we also found that [6]-gingerol, an anti-OA drug, could upregulate the protein level of Usp49 and suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in primary rat chondrocytes. Taken together, our study not only demonstrates that Usp49 can negatively regulate the progression of OA by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, but also elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhanchao Wang
- Knee Injury Center, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital), Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Chunyu Zou
- Knee Injury Center, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital), Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yufei Mi
- Knee Injury Center, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital), Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Hengtao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xuejian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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18
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Bian Q, Cheng YH, Wilson JP, Su EY, Kim DW, Wang H, Yoo S, Blackshaw S, Cahan P. A single cell transcriptional atlas of early synovial joint development. Development 2020; 147:dev.185777. [PMID: 32580935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synovial joint development begins with the formation of the interzone, a region of condensed mesenchymal cells at the site of the prospective joint. Recently, lineage-tracing strategies have revealed that Gdf5-lineage cells native to and from outside the interzone contribute to most, if not all, of the major joint components. However, there is limited knowledge of the specific transcriptional and signaling programs that regulate interzone formation and fate diversification of synovial joint constituents. To address this, we have performed single cell RNA-Seq analysis of 7329 synovial joint progenitor cells from the developing murine knee joint from E12.5 to E15.5. By using a combination of computational analytics, in situ hybridization and in vitro characterization of prospectively isolated populations, we have identified the transcriptional profiles of the major developmental paths for joint progenitors. Our freely available single cell transcriptional atlas will serve as a resource for the community to uncover transcriptional programs and cell interactions that regulate synovial joint development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Bian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan P Wilson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Y Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Sooyeon Yoo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
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19
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Jiao Y, Zhou J, Jin Y, Yang Y, Song M, Zhang L, Zhou J, Zhang J. Long Non-coding RNA TDRKH-AS1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through the β-Catenin Activated Wnt Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:639. [PMID: 32670860 PMCID: PMC7326065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide, with a lower 5-years survival rate. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been well-studied as the oncogenes or the tumor suppressors in multiple malignancies, including CRC. However, their biological functions and potential mechanisms in human cancer remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the expression of TDRKH-AS1 in CRC tissues and identified its potential targets. We found that TDRKH-AS1 is upregulated in majority of CRC patients, which is also significantly correlated with their malignant characteristics and their dismal prognoses. The high expression of TDRKH-AS1 can promote cancer cell proliferation substantially and invasion based on in vitro experiments. We also recognized that the TDRKH-AS1 targets the β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway to exert its carcinogenic activity. TDRKH-AS1 could serve as a promising prognostic predictor and a potential therapeutic target for further early diagnoses and treatments via a non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yecheng Jin
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Song
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Statistics, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Pedersen KB, Osborn ML, Robertson AC, Williams AE, Watt J, Denys A, Schröder K, Ronis MJ. Chronic Ethanol Feeding in Mice Decreases Expression of Genes for Major Structural Bone Proteins in a Nox4-Independent Manner. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:337-346. [PMID: 32213546 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss in response to alcohol intake has previously been hypothesized to be mediated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes. Nox4 is one of several Nox enzymes expressed in bone. We investigated the role of Nox4 in the chondro-osteoblastic lineage of the long bones in mice during normal chow feeding and during chronic ethanol feeding for 90 days. We generated mice with a genotype (PrxCre +/- Nox4 fl/fl) allowing conditional knockout of Nox4 in the limb bud mesenchyme. Adult mice had 95% knockdown of Nox4 expression in the femoral shafts. For mice on regular chow, only whole-body Nox4 knockout mice had clearly increased cortical thickness and bone mineral density in the tibiae. When chronically fed a liquid diet with and without ethanol, conditional Nox4 knockout mice had slightly reduced dimensions of the cortical and trabecular regions of the tibiae (P < 0.1). The ethanol diet caused a significant reduction in cortical bone area and cortical thickness relative to a control diet without ethanol (P < 0.05). The ethanol diet further reduced gene expression of Frizzled related protein (Frzb), myosin heavy chain 3, and several genes encoding collagen and other major structural bone proteins (P < 0.05), whereas the Nox4 genotype had no effects on these genes. In conclusion, Nox4 expression from both mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal cell lineages appears to exert subtle effects on bone. However, chronic ethanol feeding reduces cortical bone mass and cortical gene expression of major structural bone proteins in a Nox4-independent manner. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Excessive alcohol intake contributes to osteopenia and osteoporosis, with oxidative stress caused by the activity of NADPH oxidases hypothesized to be a mediator. We tested the role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4 in osteoblast precursors in the long bones of mice with a conditional Nox4 knockout model. We found that Nox4 exerted effects independent of alcohol intake, and ethanol effects on bone were Nox4-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Michelle L Osborn
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Alex C Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Ashlee E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Alexandra Denys
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Martin J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, Louisiana (K.B.P., A.C.R., A.E.W., J.W., A.D., M.J.R.); Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (M.L.O.); and Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.S.)
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21
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Wang N, Niger C, Li N, Richards GO, Skerry TM. Cross-Species RNA-Seq Study Comparing Transcriptomes of Enriched Osteocyte Populations in the Tibia and Skull. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:581002. [PMID: 33071985 PMCID: PMC7543096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.581002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Local site-specific differences between bones in different regions of the skeleton account for their different properties and functions. To identify mechanisms behind these differences, we have performed a cross-species study comparing RNA transcriptomes of cranial and tibial osteocytes, from bones with very different primary functions and physiological responses, collected from the same individual mouse, rat, and rhesus macaque. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify 32 genes changed in the same direction between sites and shared across all three species. Several well-established key genes in bone growth and remodeling were upregulated in the tibias of all three species (BMP7, DKK1, FGF1, FRZB, SOST). Many of them associate or crosstalk with the Wnt signaling pathway. These results suggest Wnt signaling-related candidates for different control of regulatory mechanisms in bone homeostasis in the skull and tibia and indicate a different balance between genetically determined structure and feedback mechanisms to strains induced by mechanical loading at the different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Niger
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth O. Richards
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Skerry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tim M. Skerry
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22
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Xia H, Cao D, Yang F, Yang W, Li W, Liu P, Wang S, Yang F. Jiawei Yanghe decoction ameliorates cartilage degradation in vitro and vivo via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109708. [PMID: 31918279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Jiawei Yanghe decoction (JWYHD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), however the underlying mechanisms of action of JWYHD in OA are not fully explored. This study investigates how JWYHD protects cartilage from degradation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of JWYHD on chondrocytes in vitro and on MIA-induced OA rat model in vivo were investigated. In vitro, JWYHD increased the chondrocyte viability against interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocytes apoptosis and preserved glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix. JWYHD promoted chondrocyte viability against apoptosis, decreased MMP-3, MMP-13, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both IL-1β-induced and Licl-induced chondrocytes. The qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt signaling pathway related genes β-catenin and CyclinD1, apoptosis related genes Casapase-3 and Caspase-9, collagen degradation related genes Metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 were up-regulated, and Col2a1 was down-regulated on IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Treatment with JWYHD reversed these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Licl was used as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator in chondrocytes to determine the molecular mechanisms. Activation of Wnt signaling pathway by Licl up-regulated β-catenin, CyclinD1, Axin2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-1β. These effects were blocked by JWYHD treatment. Furthermore, 75 Sprawl-Dawley rats were used to verify the results obtained in vitro. A total of 75 rats were randomly divided into the control group (no MIA-induced OA, received intragastric administration of an equivalent amount of saline), the OA group (MIA-induced OA, received intragastric administration of an equivalent amount of saline), and the JWYHD treatment group (MIA-induced OA, received intragastric administration of an equivalent amount of various concentrations of JWYHD at 1.4/2.7/5.5 g/kg). After 8 weeks of administration, all rats were sacrificed. JWYHD decreased the MIA-induced up-regulation of β-catenin, CyclinD1, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expressions in cartilage. It was also demonstrated that JWYHD decreased serum and synovium pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in MIA-induced OA rats and ameliorated the cartilage degradation. Histopathological staining, macroscopic observation and micro-CT scan with 3-dimension remodeling showed a cartilage protective effect of JWYHD. In conclusion, JWYHD possess multiple capabilities including preventing chondrocyte apoptosis, preserving integrity of extracellular matrix and anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of OA both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Duanguang Cao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Fo Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Fengyun Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Marín-Llera JC, Garciadiego-Cázares D, Chimal-Monroy J. Understanding the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms That Control Early Cell Fate Decisions During Appendicular Skeletogenesis. Front Genet 2019; 10:977. [PMID: 31681419 PMCID: PMC6797607 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the vertebrate skeleton is orchestrated in time and space by a number of gene regulatory networks that specify and position all skeletal tissues. During embryonic development, bones have two distinct origins: bone tissue differentiates directly from mesenchymal progenitors, whereas most long bones arise from cartilaginous templates through a process known as endochondral ossification. Before endochondral bone development takes place, chondrocytes form a cartilage analgen that will be sequentially segmented to form joints; thus, in the cartilage template, either the cartilage maturation programme or the joint formation programme is activated. Once the cartilage differentiation programme starts, the growth plate begins to form. In contrast, when the joint formation programme is activated, a capsule begins to form that contains special articular cartilage and synovium to generate a functional joint. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms controlling the earliest molecular events that regulate cell fate during skeletogenesis in long bones. We will explore the initial processes that lead to the recruitment of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, the commitment of chondrocyte lineages, and the formation of skeletal elements during morphogenesis. Thereafter, we will review the process of joint specification and joint morphogenesis. We will discuss the links between transcription factor activity, cell–cell interactions, cell–extracellular matrix interactions, growth factor signalling, and other molecular interactions that control mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell fate during embryonic skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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Diederichs S, Tonnier V, März M, Dreher SI, Geisbüsch A, Richter W. Regulation of WNT5A and WNT11 during MSC in vitro chondrogenesis: WNT inhibition lowers BMP and hedgehog activity, and reduces hypertrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3875-3889. [PMID: 30980110 PMCID: PMC11105731 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Re-directing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) chondrogenesis towards a non-hypertrophic articular chondrocyte-(AC)-like phenotype is important for improving articular cartilage neogenesis to enhance clinical cartilage repair strategies. This study is the first to demonstrate that high levels of non-canonical WNT5A followed by WNT11 and LEF1 discriminated MSC chondrogenesis from AC re-differentiation. Moreover, β-catenin seemed incompletely silenced in differentiating MSCs, which altogether suggested a role for WNT signaling in hypertrophic MSC differentiation. WNT inhibition with the small molecule IWP-2 supported MSC chondrogenesis according to elevated proteoglycan deposition and reduced the characteristic upregulation of BMP4, BMP7 and their target ID1, as well as IHH and its target GLI1 observed during endochondral differentiation. Along with the pro-hypertrophic transcription factor MEF2C, multiple hypertrophic downstream targets including IBSP and alkaline phosphatase activity were reduced by IWP-2, demonstrating that WNT activity drives BMP and hedgehog upregulation, and MSC hypertrophy. WNT inhibition almost matched the strong anti-hypertrophic capacity of pulsed parathyroid hormone-related protein application, and both outperformed suppression of BMP signaling with dorsomorphin, which also reduced cartilage matrix deposition. Yet, hypertrophic marker expression under IWP-2 remained above AC level, and in vivo mineralization and ectopic bone formation were reduced but not eliminated. Overall, the strong anti-hypertrophic effects of IWP-2 involved inhibition but not silencing of pro-hypertrophic BMP and IHH pathways, and more advanced silencing of WNT activity as well as combined application of IHH or BMP antagonists should next be considered to install articular cartilage neogenesis from human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Tonnier
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie März
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon I Dreher
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geisbüsch
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Differential Gene Expression in Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone of Neonatal and Adult Horses. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100745. [PMID: 31557843 PMCID: PMC6826356 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Derangement of this process likely underlies developmental skeletal pathologies. Examination of tissue-specific gene expression may help elucidate novel skeletal developmental pathways that could contribute to disease risk. Our aim was to identify and functionally annotate differentially expressed genes in equine neonatal and adult articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB). RNA was sequenced from healthy AC and SCB from the fetlock, hock, and stifle joints of 6 foals (≤4 weeks of age) and six adults (8–12 years of age). There was distinct clustering by age and tissue type. After differential expression analysis, functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using PANTHER and Reactome. Approximately 1115 and 3574 genes were differentially expressed between age groups in AC and SCB, respectively, falling within dozens of overrepresented gene ontology terms and enriched pathways reflecting a state of growth, high metabolic activity, and tissue turnover in the foals. Enriched pathways were dominated by those related to extracellular matrix organization and turnover, and cell cycle and signal transduction. Additionally, we identified enriched pathways related to neural development and neurotransmission in AC and innate immunity in SCB. These represent novel potential mechanisms for disease that can be explored in future work.
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26
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Sfrp3 modulates stromal-epithelial crosstalk during mammary gland development by regulating Wnt levels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2481. [PMID: 31171792 PMCID: PMC6554275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary stroma is essential for epithelial morphogenesis and development. Indeed, postnatal mammary gland (MG) development is controlled locally by the repetitive and bi-directional cross-talk between the epithelial and the stromal compartment. However, the signalling pathways involved in stromal–epithelial communication are not entirely understood. Here, we identify Sfrp3 as a mediator of the stromal–epithelial communication that is required for normal mouse MG development. Using Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we demonstrate that Sfrp3 functions as an extracellular transporter of Wnts that facilitates their diffusion, and thus, their levels in the boundaries of different compartments. Indeed, loss of Sfrp3 in mice leads to an increase of ductal invasion and branching mirroring an early pregnancy state. Finally, we observe that loss of Sfrp3 predisposes for invasive breast cancer. Altogether, our study shows that Sfrp3 controls MG morphogenesis by modulating the stromal-epithelial cross-talk during pubertal development. The signalling pathways regulating how the mammary gland stroma interacts with the epithelia to then regulate gland development are unclear. Here, the authors identify Sfrp3 as regulating stroma communication via Wnts, on deletion, this increases ductal invasion and initiates an early pregnancy state.
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27
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Diederichs S, Tonnier V, März M, Dreher SI, Geisbüsch A, Richter W. Regulation of WNT5A and WNT11 during MSC in vitro chondrogenesis: WNT inhibition lowers BMP and hedgehog activity, and reduces hypertrophy. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES : CMLS 2019. [PMID: 30980110 DOI: 10.1007/s00018‐019‐03099‐0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Re-directing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) chondrogenesis towards a non-hypertrophic articular chondrocyte-(AC)-like phenotype is important for improving articular cartilage neogenesis to enhance clinical cartilage repair strategies. This study is the first to demonstrate that high levels of non-canonical WNT5A followed by WNT11 and LEF1 discriminated MSC chondrogenesis from AC re-differentiation. Moreover, β-catenin seemed incompletely silenced in differentiating MSCs, which altogether suggested a role for WNT signaling in hypertrophic MSC differentiation. WNT inhibition with the small molecule IWP-2 supported MSC chondrogenesis according to elevated proteoglycan deposition and reduced the characteristic upregulation of BMP4, BMP7 and their target ID1, as well as IHH and its target GLI1 observed during endochondral differentiation. Along with the pro-hypertrophic transcription factor MEF2C, multiple hypertrophic downstream targets including IBSP and alkaline phosphatase activity were reduced by IWP-2, demonstrating that WNT activity drives BMP and hedgehog upregulation, and MSC hypertrophy. WNT inhibition almost matched the strong anti-hypertrophic capacity of pulsed parathyroid hormone-related protein application, and both outperformed suppression of BMP signaling with dorsomorphin, which also reduced cartilage matrix deposition. Yet, hypertrophic marker expression under IWP-2 remained above AC level, and in vivo mineralization and ectopic bone formation were reduced but not eliminated. Overall, the strong anti-hypertrophic effects of IWP-2 involved inhibition but not silencing of pro-hypertrophic BMP and IHH pathways, and more advanced silencing of WNT activity as well as combined application of IHH or BMP antagonists should next be considered to install articular cartilage neogenesis from human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Tonnier
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie März
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon I Dreher
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geisbüsch
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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29
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Hamilton JL, Chen D. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Osteoarthritis and in Other Forms of Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018; 19:53. [PMID: 28752488 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-017-0679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arthritis defines a large group of diseases primarily affecting the joint. It is the leading cause of pain and disability in adults. Osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the knee or hip is the most common form among over 100 types of arthritis. Other types of arthritis include erosive hand OA, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) OA, facet joint OA, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and spondyloarthritis (SpA). However, the specific molecular signals involved in the development and progression of OA and related forms of arthritis remain largely unknown. The canonical wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway could play a unique role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. In this review article, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of OA and other types of arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence demonstrates that Wnts and Wnt-related molecules are involved in arthritis development and progression in human genetic studies and in vitro studies. Also, mouse models have been generated to determine the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling represents a unique signaling pathway regulating arthritis development and progression, and the molecules in this particular pathway may serve as targets for the therapeutic intervention of arthritis. Mediators and downstream effectors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are increased in OA as well other forms of arthritis, including DISH and SpA. Through extensive investigations, including pre-clinical studies in transgenic mice and translational and human studies, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been proven to play roles in bone and joint pathology by directly affecting bone, cartilage, and synovial tissue; further, these pathologies can be reduced through targeting this pathway. Continued investigation into the distinct molecular signaling of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway will provide additional insights toward the therapeutic intervention in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachuan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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30
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Antler extracts stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and possess potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:439-448. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Yang Y, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Liu X, Chu Y, Yan H, Fan Y, Huo S, Wang L, Lou Q, Guo N, Sun D, Gao Y. FRZB1 rs2242070 polymorphisms is associated with brick tea type skeletal fluorosis in Kazakhs, but not in Tibetans, China. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2217-2225. [PMID: 29785637 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal fluorosis is a metabolic bone and joint disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride in the bones. Compared with Kazakhs, Tibetans are more likely to develop moderate and severe brick tea type skeletal fluorosis, although they have similar fluoride exposure. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in frizzled-related protein (FRZB) have been associated with osteoarthritis, but their association with the risk of skeletal fluorosis has not been reported. In this paper, we investigated the association of three SNPs (rs7775, rs2242070 and rs9288087) in FRZB1with brick tea type skeletal fluorosis risk in a cross-sectional case-control study conducted in Sinkiang and Qinghai, China. A total of 598 individuals, including 308 Tibetans and 290 Kazakhs, were enrolled in this study, in which cases and controls were 221 and 377, respectively. The skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to the Chinese diagnostic criteria of endemic skeletal fluorosis (WS192-2008). The fluoride content in tea water or urine was detected using the fluoride ion electrode. SNPs were assessed using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Binary logistic regressions found evidence of association with rs2242070 AA genotype in only Kazakh participants [odds ratio (OR) 0.417, 95% CI 0.216-0.807, p = 0.009], but not in Tibetans. When stratified by age, this protective effect of AA genotype in rs2242070 was pronounced in Kazakh participants aged 46-65 (OR 0.321, 95% CI 0.135-0.764, p = 0.010). This protective association with AA genotype in rs2242070 in Kazakhs also appeared to be stronger with tea fluoride intake > 3.5 mg/day (OR 0.396, 95% CI 0.182-0.864, p = 0.020). Our data suggest there might be differential genetic influence on skeletal fluorosis risk in Kazakh and Tibetan participants and that this difference might be modified by tea fluoride intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiaoshi Zhao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanru Chu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huazhu Yan
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Simeng Huo
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qun Lou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ayerst BI, Merry CLR, Day AJ. The Good the Bad and the Ugly of Glycosaminoglycans in Tissue Engineering Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E54. [PMID: 28608822 PMCID: PMC5490411 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High sulfation, low cost, and the status of heparin as an already FDA- and EMA- approved product, mean that its inclusion in tissue engineering (TE) strategies is becoming increasingly popular. However, the use of heparin may represent a naïve approach. This is because tissue formation is a highly orchestrated process, involving the temporal expression of numerous growth factors and complex signaling networks. While heparin may enhance the retention and activity of certain growth factors under particular conditions, its binding 'promiscuity' means that it may also inhibit other factors that, for example, play an important role in tissue maintenance and repair. Within this review we focus on articular cartilage, highlighting the complexities and highly regulated processes that are involved in its formation, and the challenges that exist in trying to effectively engineer this tissue. Here we discuss the opportunities that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) may provide in advancing this important area of regenerative medicine, placing emphasis on the need to move away from the common use of heparin, and instead focus research towards the utility of specific GAG preparations that are able to modulate the activity of growth factors in a more controlled and defined manner, with less off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie I Ayerst
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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O'Byrne JJ, Ryan H, Murray DJ, Regan R, Betts DR, Murphy N, Casey JP, Lynch SA. Bicoronal and metopic craniosynostosis in association with a de novo unbalanced t(2;7) chromosomal translocation. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:274-279. [PMID: 27774767 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a developmentally appropriate infant male with a de novo unbalanced chromosome translocation involving bands 2q32.1 and 7p21.3. The child was noted to have metopic and bicoronal craniosynostosis with closely spaced eyes, turricephaly, and flattening of the forehead. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J O'Byrne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Ryan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dylan J Murray
- National Paediatric Craniofacial Centre, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Regina Regan
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Betts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuala Murphy
- Department of Endocrinology, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jillian P Casey
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally A Lynch
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
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Huang Y, Du Q, Wu W, She F, Chen Y. Rescued expression of WIF-1 in gallbladder cancer inhibits tumor growth and induces tumor cell apoptosis with altered expression of proteins. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2573-81. [PMID: 27430608 PMCID: PMC4991677 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly conserved metabolic pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and several other processes. In normal cells, this pathway is suppressed, and abnormal activation is often associated with tumor occurrence and development. In certain types of tumor, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1), an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, inhibits tumor growth. However, the effect of the expression of WIF-1 on gallbladder cancer remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were conducted. The present study demonstrated that, in gallbladder cancer, WIF-1 generally exhibited low levels of expression as a result of gene promoter methylation. Treatment with the drug, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, increased the expression of WIF-1 in the GBC-SD gallbladder cell line. In addition, a WIF-1-expression plasmid was transfected into GBC-SD cells, and it was found that cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis declined significantly, whereas the apoptotic rate increased. A nude mouse tumor transplantation experiment showed that the oncogenicity of the GBC-SD cells expressing WIF-1 was substantially lower, compared with that of the untransfected GBC-SD cells and of GBD-SD cells expressing the control plasmid. A fluorescent protein chip experiment showed that the restored expression of WIF-1 affected the expression of several cellular proteins. These alterations may explain the different biological behavior of the tumor cells expressing WIF-1. As an effective inhibitory factor of the Wnt signaling pathway, WIF-1 modulated the expression of proteins controlling the proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of gallbladder tumor cells, thus suppressing the tumor. Therefore, WIF-1 may be an effective treatment target for gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Weibao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Feifei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Rochard L, Monica SD, Ling ITC, Kong Y, Roberson S, Harland R, Halpern M, Liao EC. Roles of Wnt pathway genes wls, wnt9a, wnt5b, frzb and gpc4 in regulating convergent-extension during zebrafish palate morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2541-7. [PMID: 27287801 DOI: 10.1242/dev.137000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for tissue morphogenesis, participating in cellular behavior changes, notably during the process of convergent-extension. Interactions between Wnt-secreting and receiving cells during convergent-extension remain elusive. We investigated the role and genetic interactions of Wnt ligands and their trafficking factors Wls, Gpc4 and Frzb in the context of palate morphogenesis in zebrafish. We describe that the chaperon Wls and its ligands Wnt9a and Wnt5b are expressed in the ectoderm, whereas juxtaposed chondrocytes express Frzb and Gpc4. Using wls, gpc4, frzb, wnt9a and wnt5b mutants, we genetically dissected the Wnt signals operating between secreting ectoderm and receiving chondrocytes. Our analysis delineates that non-canonical Wnt signaling is required for cell intercalation, and that wnt5b and wnt9a are required for palate extension in the anteroposterior and transverse axes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rochard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stefanie D Monica
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irving T C Ling
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yawei Kong
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara Roberson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, and Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Richard Harland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marnie Halpern
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, and Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Wnt signaling in cartilage development and diseases: lessons from animal studies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:186-96. [PMID: 26641070 PMCID: PMC4838282 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage not only plays essential roles in skeletal development and growth during pre- and postnatal stages but also serves to provide smooth movement of skeletons throughout life. Thus, dysfunction of cartilage causes a variety of skeletal disorders. Results from animal studies reveal that β-catenin-dependent canonical and independent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways have multiple roles in regulation of cartilage development, growth, and maintenance. β-Catenin-dependent signaling is required for progression of endochondral ossification and growth of axial and appendicular skeletons, while excessive activation of this signaling can cause severe inhibition of initial cartilage formation and growth plate organization and function in mice. In contrast, non-canonical Wnt signaling is important in columnar organization of growth plate chondrocytes. Manipulation of Wnt signaling causes or ameliorates articular cartilage degeneration in rodent osteoarthritis models. Human genetic studies indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Accumulative findings from analysis of expression of Wnt signaling molecules and in vivo and in vitro functional experiments suggest that Wnt signaling is a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. The target tissues of Wnt signaling may be not only articular cartilage but also synovium and subchondral bone.
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Melrose J, Shu C, Whitelock JM, Lord MS. The cartilage extracellular matrix as a transient developmental scaffold for growth plate maturation. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:363-383. [PMID: 26807757 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cartilage growth plate is a specialized developmental tissue containing characteristic zonal arrangements of chondrocytes. The proliferative and differentiative states of chondrocytes are tightly regulated at all stages including the initial limb bud and rudiment cartilage stages of development, the establishment of the primary and secondary ossification centers, development of the growth plates and laying down of bone. A multitude of spatio-temporal signals, including transcription factors, growth factors, morphogens and hormones, control chondrocyte maturation and terminal chondrocyte differentiation/hypertrophy, cell death/differentiation, calcification and vascular invasion of the growth plate and bone formation during morphogenetic transition of the growth plate. This involves hierarchical, integrated signaling from growth and factors, transcription factors, mechanosensory cues and proteases in the extracellular matrix to regulate these developmental processes to facilitate progressive changes in the growth plate culminating in bone formation and endochondral ossification. This review provides an overview of selected components which have particularly important roles in growth plate biology including collagens, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, growth factors, proteases and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cindy Shu
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - John M Whitelock
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Megan S Lord
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Green JD, Tollemar V, Dougherty M, Yan Z, Yin L, Ye J, Collier Z, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Kang R, Lee MJ, Ho SH, He TC, Shi LL, Athiviraham A. Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis: Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Genes Dis 2015; 2:307-327. [PMID: 26835506 PMCID: PMC4730920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature. Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue. Here, we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions, to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering. These include various signaling pathways, including: fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, hypoxia, and angiogenic signaling pathways. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed. Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Dougherty
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zachary Collier
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Zhong L, Huang X, Karperien M, Post JN. The Regulatory Role of Signaling Crosstalk in Hypertrophy of MSCs and Human Articular Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19225-47. [PMID: 26287176 PMCID: PMC4581295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes is a main barrier in application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair. In addition, hypertrophy occurs occasionally in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we provide a comprehensive review on recent literature describing signal pathways in the hypertrophy of MSCs-derived in vitro differentiated chondrocytes and chondrocytes, with an emphasis on the crosstalk between these pathways. Insight into the exact regulation of hypertrophy by the signaling network is necessary for the efficient application of MSCs for articular cartilage repair and for developing novel strategies for curing OA. We focus on articles describing the role of the main signaling pathways in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes. Most studies report hypertrophic differentiation in chondrogenesis of MSCs, in both human OA and experimental OA. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is not under the strict control of a single pathway but appears to be regulated by an intricately regulated network of multiple signaling pathways, such as WNT, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (IHH), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin like growth factor (IGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This comprehensive review describes how this intricate signaling network influences tissue-engineering applications of MSCs in articular cartilage (AC) repair, and improves understanding of the disease stages and cellular responses within an OA articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine N Post
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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41
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Shea CA, Rolfe RA, Murphy P. The importance of foetal movement for co-ordinated cartilage and bone development in utero : clinical consequences and potential for therapy. Bone Joint Res 2015; 4:105-16. [PMID: 26142413 PMCID: PMC4602203 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.47.2000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of a functional skeleton is accomplished
through co-ordination of the developmental processes of chondrogenesis,
osteogenesis, and synovial joint formation. Infants whose movement in
utero is reduced or restricted and who subsequently suffer
from joint dysplasia (including joint contractures) and thin hypo-mineralised
bones, demonstrate that embryonic movement is crucial for appropriate
skeletogenesis. This has been confirmed in mouse, chick, and zebrafish
animal models, where reduced or eliminated movement consistently yields
similar malformations and which provide the possibility of experimentation
to uncover the precise disturbances and the mechanisms by which
movement impacts molecular regulation. Molecular genetic studies have
shown the important roles played by cell communication signalling
pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and transforming growth factor-beta/bone
morphogenetic protein. These pathways regulate cell behaviours such
as proliferation and differentiation to control maturation of the
skeletal elements, and are affected when movement is altered. Cell
contacts to the extra-cellular matrix as well as the cytoskeleton
offer a means of mechanotransduction which could integrate mechanical
cues with genetic regulation. Indeed, expression of cytoskeletal
genes has been shown to be affected by immobilisation. In addition
to furthering our understanding of a fundamental aspect of cell control
and differentiation during development, research in this area is
applicable to the engineering of stable skeletal tissues from stem
cells, which relies on an understanding of developmental mechanisms
including genetic and physical criteria. A deeper understanding
of how movement affects skeletogenesis therefore has broader implications
for regenerative therapeutics for injury or disease, as well as
for optimisation of physical therapy regimes for individuals affected
by skeletal abnormalities. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:105–116
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Shea
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | | | - P Murphy
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, D2, Ireland
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42
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Secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3)-mediated suppression of interleukin-6 receptor release by A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is abrogated in the osteoarthritis-associated rare double variant of sFRP3. Biochem J 2015; 468:507-18. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20141231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) activity and secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3) down-regulation or expression of its rare double variant is associated with arthritis. sFRP3 interacts with interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and ADAM17 and suppresses ADAM17 activity, whereas the rare variant does not; these findings provide explanation for their opposing pathogenic associations.
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Kozhemyakina E, Lassar AB, Zelzer E. A pathway to bone: signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in chondrocyte development and maturation. Development 2015; 142:817-31. [PMID: 25715393 DOI: 10.1242/dev.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal progenitor cells to their terminal maturation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Here, we review how multiple signaling molecules, mechanical signals and morphological cell features are integrated to activate a set of key transcription factors that determine and regulate the genetic program that induces chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, we describe recent findings regarding the roles of several signaling pathways in modulating the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes in the growth plate, which is the 'engine' of bone elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozhemyakina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Building C-Room 305A, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew B Lassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Building C-Room 305A, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Duesterdieck-Zellmer K, Semevolos S, Kinsley M, Riddick T. Age-related differential gene and protein expression in postnatal cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 17:1-10. [PMID: 25479004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin, Indian hedgehog (Ihh)/Parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) and retinoid signaling pathways regulate cartilage differentiation, growth, and function during development and play a key role in endochondral ossification. The objective of this study was to elucidate the gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and the osteochondral junction during neonatal and pre-adolescent development. This study revealed cell-specific and age-related differences in gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways. A trend for higher gene expression of PTHrP along the cartilage canals and Ihh along the osteochondral junction suggests the presence of paracrine feedback in articular-epiphyseal cartilage. Differential expression of canonical (β-catenin, Wnt-4, Lrp4, Lrp6) and noncanonical Wnt signaling (Wnt-5b, Wnt-11) and their inhibitors (Dkk1, Axin1, sFRP3, sFRP5, Wif-1) surrounding the cartilage canals and osteochondral junction provides evidence of the complex interactions occurring during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Stacy Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Marc Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tara Riddick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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45
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A review of crosstalk between MAPK and Wnt signals and its impact on cartilage regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:633-49. [PMID: 25312291 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a developmental process that is controlled and coordinated by many growth and differentiation factors, in addition to environmental factors that initiate or suppress cellular signaling pathways and the transcription of specific genes in a temporal-spatial manner. As key signaling molecules in regulating cell proliferation, homeostasis and development, both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the Wnt family participate in morphogenesis and tissue patterning, playing important roles in skeletal development, especially chondrogenesis. Recent findings suggest that both signals are also actively involved in arthritis and related diseases. Despite the implication that crosstalk between MAPK and Wnt signaling has a significant function in cancer, few studies have summarized this interaction and its regulation of chondrogenesis. In this review, we focus on MAPK and Wnt signaling, referencing their relationships in various types of cells and particularly to their influence on chondrogenesis and cartilage development. We also discuss the interactions between MAPK and Wnt signaling with respect to cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis and explore potential therapeutic targets for disease treatments.
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Chernets N, Zhang J, Steinbeck MJ, Kurpad DS, Koyama E, Friedman G, Freeman TA. Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma enhances mouse limb bud survival, growth, and elongation. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:300-9. [PMID: 25102046 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes or osteoblasts is of paramount importance in tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. A newly emerging body of evidence demonstrates that appendage regeneration is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that mesenchymal cell stimulation by nonthermal (NT)-plasma, which produces and induces ROS, would (1) promote skeletal cell differentiation and (2) limb autopod development. Stimulation with a single treatment of NT-plasma enhanced survival, growth, and elongation of mouse limb autopods in an in vitro organ culture system. Noticeable changes included enhanced development of digit length and definition of digit separation. These changes were coordinated with enhanced Wnt signaling in the distal apical epidermal ridge (AER) and presumptive joint regions. Autopod development continued to advance for approximately 144 h in culture, seemingly overcoming the negative culture environment usually observed in this in vitro system. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the up-regulation of chondrogenic transcripts. Mechanistically, NT-plasma increased the number of ROS positive cells in the dorsal epithelium, mesenchyme, and the distal tip of each phalange behind the AER, determined using dihydrorhodamine. The importance of ROS production/signaling during development was further demonstrated by the stunting of digital outgrowth when anti-oxidants were applied. Results of this study show NT-plasma initiated and amplified ROS intracellular signaling to enhance development of the autopod. Parallels between development and regeneration suggest that the potential use of NT-plasma could extend to both tissue engineering and clinical applications to enhance fracture healing, trauma repair, and bone fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Chernets
- 1 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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47
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Candela ME, Yasuhara R, Iwamoto M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Resident mesenchymal progenitors of articular cartilage. Matrix Biol 2014; 39:44-9. [PMID: 25179676 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage has poor capacity of self-renewal and repair. Insufficient number and activity of resident mesenchymal (connective tissue) progenitors is likely one of the underlying reasons. Chondroprogenitors reside not only in the superficial zone of articular cartilage but also in other zones of articular cartilage and in the neighboring tissues, including perichondrium (groove of Ranvier), synovium and fat pad. These cells may respond to injury and contribute to articular cartilage healing. In addition, marrow stromal cells can migrate through subchondral bone when articular cartilage is damaged. We should develop drugs and methods that correctly stimulate resident progenitors for improvement of repair and inhibition of degenerative changes in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Candela
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Science, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Sherwood JC, Bertrand J, Eldridge SE, Dell'Accio F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cartilage damage and repair. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1172-7. [PMID: 24880104 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage breakdown is the disabling outcome of rheumatic diseases, whether prevalently inflammatory such as rheumatoid arthritis or prevalently mechanical such as osteoarthritis (OA). Despite the differences between immune-mediated arthritides and OA, common mechanisms drive cartilage breakdown. Inflammation, chondrocyte phenotype and homeostatic mechanisms have recently been the focus of research and will be summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Sherwood
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK.
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49
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Darr OA, Colacino JA, Tang AL, McHugh JB, Bellile EL, Bradford CR, Prince MP, Chepeha DB, Rozek LS, Moyer JS. Epigenetic alterations in metastatic cutaneous carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:994-1001. [PMID: 24700717 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the 2 most common cutaneous carcinomas. Molecular profiles predicting metastasis of these cancers have not been identified. METHODS Epigenetic profiles of 37 primary cases of cutaneous SCC and BCC were quantified via the Illumina Goldengate Cancer Panel. Differential protein expression by metastatic potential was analyzed in 110 total cases by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that metastatic BCCs had a methylation profile resembling cutaneous SCCs. Metastatic cutaneous SCCs were found to be hypermethylated at FRZB (median methylation: 46.7% vs 4.7%; p = 4 × 10(-5) ). Metastatic BCCs were found to be hypomethylated at MYCL2 (median methylation: 3.8% vs 83.4%; p = 1.9 × 10(-6) ). Immunohistochemical staining revealed few differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancers. CONCLUSION Metastatic primary BCCs and cutaneous SCCs had distinct epigenetic profiles when compared to their nonmetastatic counterparts. Epigenetic profiling may prove useful in future diagnosis and prevention of advanced nonmelanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Darr
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alice L Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily L Bellile
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark P Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey S Moyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Candela ME, Cantley L, Yasuaha R, Iwamoto M, Pacifici M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Distribution of slow-cycling cells in epiphyseal cartilage and requirement of β-catenin signaling for their maintenance in growth plate. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:661-8. [PMID: 24415663 PMCID: PMC4114074 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Slow proliferation is one of the characteristics of stem cells. We examined the presence, distribution, and regulation of slow-cycling cells in the developing and growing skeleton using a pulse-chase method with a new nucleoside derivative, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). C57BL/6 mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of EdU from postnatal day 4 to day 7. One day after the last EdU injection, a large population of cells in articular cartilage and growth plate was labeled. Six weeks after the last injection, the number of EdU-labeled cells dramatically decreased, but a small number of them were dominantly present in the articular surface, and the labeling index was significantly higher in the surface than that in the rest of articular cartilage. In the growth plate, most EdU-positive cells were found in the top layer that lies immediately below the secondary ossification center. Interestingly, postnatal conditional ablation of β-catenin in cartilage caused a complete loss of the EdU-labeled cells in growth plate that displayed disorganization and dysfunction. Together, our data demonstrate that slow-cycling cells do reside in specific locations and numbers in both articular cartilage and growth plate. The β-catenin signaling pathway appears to play a previously unsuspected role in maintenance of the slow-cycling cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Candela
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie Cantley
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rika Yasuaha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perleman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perleman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perleman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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