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Garcimartín A, Merino JJ, Santos-López JA, López-Oliva ME, González MP, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Benedí J. Silicon as neuroprotector or neurotoxic in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:217-224. [PMID: 25957141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a trace element that has been considered to be an environmental contaminant for many years, although different studies have recently reported it is an essential element for living cells. The present study tested the ability of different concentrations of Si G57™ to induce neuroprotection or neurotoxicity over 24 h in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Cell viability, cellular proliferation, LDH release, ROS, antioxidant capacity, TBARS, caspase-3, -8 and -9, DNA fragmentation, and TNF-α levels were evaluated. Low Si doses (50-250 ng mL(-1)) increased the cell viability and reduced caspase-3 and -8 activities and TNF-α level. The increase in cell viability was independent of any proliferative effect as there was no variation in cyclin E and PCNA levels. At higher concentrations, Si increased caspase-3, as well as TBARS, LDH, DNA fragmentation, and TNF-α releases. Altogether, these results suggest that Si could act either as a neuroprotector or a neurotoxic agent depending on the concentration tested. This study emphasizes the importance of developing new neuroprotective therapies based on low Si doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Garcimartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Joaquín Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Arturo Santos-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Heinemann S, Coradin T, Desimone MF. Bio-inspired silica–collagen materials: applications and perspectives in the medical field. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:688-702. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohamed BM, Verma NK, Prina-Mello A, Williams Y, Davies AM, Bakos G, Tormey L, Edwards C, Hanrahan J, Salvati A, Lynch I, Dawson K, Kelleher D, Volkov Y. Activation of stress-related signalling pathway in human cells upon SiO2 nanoparticles exposure as an early indicator of cytotoxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:29. [PMID: 21801388 PMCID: PMC3164618 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials such as SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2NP) are finding increasing applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields such as disease diagnostics, imaging, drug delivery, food, cosmetics and biosensors development. Thus, a mechanistic and systematic evaluation of the potential biological and toxic effects of SiO2NP becomes crucial in order to assess their complete safe applicability limits. RESULTS In this study, human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 were exposed to a range of amorphous SiO2NP of various sizes and concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml). Key biological indicators of cellular functions including cell population density, cellular morphology, membrane permeability, lysosomal mass/pH and activation of transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) were evaluated utilizing quantitative high content screening (HCS) approach and biochemical techniques. Despite the use of extremely high nanoparticle concentrations, our findings showed a low degree of cytotoxicity within the panel of SiO2NP investigated. However, at these concentrations, we observed the onset of stress-related cellular response induced by SiO2NP. Interestingly, cells exposed to alumina-coated SiO2NP showed low level, and in some cases complete absence, of stress response and this was consistent up to the highest dose of 0.5 mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates and highlights the importance of subtle biological changes downstream of primary membrane and endocytosis-associated phenomena resulting from high dose SiO2NP exposure. Increased activation of transcription factors, such as ATF-2, was quantitatively assessed as a function of i) human cell line specific stress-response, ii) SiO2NP size and iii) concentration. Despite the low level of cytotoxicity detected for the amorphous SiO2NP investigated, these findings prompt an in-depth focus for future SiO2NP-cell/tissue investigations based on the combined analysis of more subtle signalling pathways associated with accumulation mechanisms, which is essential for establishing the bio-safety of existing and new nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Mustafa Mohamed
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Naughton Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Williams
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Anthony M Davies
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Gabor Bakos
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Laragh Tormey
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Connla Edwards
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - John Hanrahan
- Glantreo Ltd., Environmental Research Institute (ERI) Building, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna Salvati
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin4, Ireland
| | - Iseult Lynch
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin4, Ireland
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
| | - Yuri Volkov
- Department of clinical medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin8, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Naughton Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
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Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Tanabe A, Yao X, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Titanium dioxide induces different levels of IL-1β production dependent on its particle characteristics through caspase-1 activation mediated by reactive oxygen species and cathepsin B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 392:160-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Demadis KD, Pachis K, Ketsetzi A, Stathoulopoulou A. Bioinspired control of colloidal silica in vitro by dual polymeric assemblies of zwitterionic phosphomethylated chitosan and polycations or polyanions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 151:33-48. [PMID: 19691946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the effects of biological and synthetic polymers on the formation of amorphous silica. A concise review of relevant literature related to biosilicification is presented. The importance of synergies between polyelectrolytes on the inhibition of silicic acid condensation is discussed. A specific example of a zwitterionic polymer phosphonomethylated chitosan (PCH) is further analyzed for its inhibitory activity. Specifically, the ability of PCH to retard silicic acid condensation at circumneutral pH in aqueous supersaturated solutions is explored. It was discovered that in short-term studies (0-8 h) the inhibitory activity is PCH dosage-independent, but for longer condensation times (>24 h) there is a clear increase in inhibition upon PCH dosage increase. Soluble silicic acid levels reach 300 ppm after 24 h in the presence of 160 ppm PCH. Furthermore, the effects of either purely cationic (polyethyleneimine, PEI) or purely anionic (carboxymethylinulin, CMI) polyelectrolytes on the inhibitory activity of PCH is systematically studied. It was found that the action of inhibitor blends is not cumulative. PCH/PEI blends stabilize the same level of silicic acid as PCH alone in both short-term (8 h) and long-term (72 h) experiments. PCH/CMI combinations on the other hand can only achieve short-term inhibition of silicic acid polymerization, but fail to extend this over the first 8 h. PCH and its combinations with PEI or CMI affect silica particle morphology, studied by SEM. Spherical particles and their aggregates, irregularly shaped particles and porous structures are obtained depending on additive or additive blend. It was demonstrated by FT-IR that PCH is trapped in the colloidal silica matrix.
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Fanizza C, Fresegna AM, Maiello R, Paba E, Cavallo D. Evaluation of cytotoxic concentration-time response in A549 cells exposed to respirableα-quartz. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:537-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cardile V, Lombardo L, Belluso E, Panico A, Capella S, Balazy M. Toxicity and carcinogenicity mechanisms of fibrous antigorite. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2008; 4:1-9. [PMID: 17431308 PMCID: PMC3719952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2007010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of fibrous antigorite on mesothelial MeT-5A and monocyte-macrophage J774 cell lines to further understand cellular mechanisms induced by asbestos fibers leading to lung damage and cancer. Antigorite is a mineral with asbestiform properties, which tends to associate with chrysotile or tremolite, and frequently occurs as the predominant mineral in the veins of several serpentinite rocks found abundantly in the Western Alps. Particles containing antigorite are more abundant in the breathing air of this region than those typically found in urban ambient air. Exposure of MeT-5A and J774 cells to fibrous antigorite at concentrations of 5–100 μg/ml for 72 hr induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Antigorite also stimulated the ROS production, induced the generation of nitrite and PGE2. MeT-5A cells were more sensitive to antigorite than J774 cells. The results of this study revealed that the fibrous antigorite stimulates cyclooxygenase and formation of hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. These changes represent early cellular responses to antigorite fibers, which lead to a host of pathological and neoplastic conditions because free radicals and PGE2 play important roles as mediators of tumor pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms of the cellular responses to antigorite and other asbestos particles should be helpful in designing rational prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Cardile
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania,
Italy
- Correspondence to Dr. Venera Cardile. E-mail: or Dr. Michael Balazy.
| | - Laura Lombardo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania,
Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, CNR IGG-Sezione I Torino,
Italy
| | - Annamaria Panico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania,
Italy
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, CNR IGG-Sezione I Torino,
Italy
| | - Michael Balazy
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY,
USA
- Correspondence to Dr. Venera Cardile. E-mail: or Dr. Michael Balazy.
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Thibodeau MS, Giardina C, Knecht DA, Helble J, Hubbard AK. Silica-induced apoptosis in mouse alveolar macrophages is initiated by lysosomal enzyme activity. Toxicol Sci 2004; 80:34-48. [PMID: 15056807 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies in our laboratory have shown that silica (-quartz) particle exposure of a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) elicits mitochondrial depolarization and caspase 3 and 9 activation, contributing to apoptosis. However, cellular pathways leading to these outcomes have not been extensively investigated. Initial studies revealed that silica exposure elicits lysosomal permeability after 1 h, as evidenced by leakage of FITC-conjugated dextran and acridine orange. We next evaluated a role for the lysosomal acidic compartment in apoptosis. Cells pretreated with the lysosomotropic weak base ammonium chloride, to increase lysosomal pH, showed decreased caspase activation and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. MH-S cells pretreated with pepstatin A, an inhibitor of lysosomal cathepsin D, showed decreased caspase 9 and 3 activation as well as a decreased percentage of cells that became apoptotic. DNA fragmentation and caspase 9 and 3 activation were also decreased in cells pretreated with despiramine, an inhibitor of lysosomal acidic sphingomyelinase. Silica pretreated with aluminum lactate (to blunt surface active sites) reduced caspase activation and apoptosis. Although aluminum lactate-treated silica still induced lysosomal permeability (by FITC-dextran leakage), one measure of lysosome integrity and function suggested a reduction in the extent and/or nature of lysosomal injury (by acridine orange retention). A role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated to explore another pathway for silica-induced apoptosis in addition to lysosomal enzymes; however, no role for ROS was apparent. Thus, following silica exposure, lysosomal injury precedes apoptosis, and the apoptotic signaling pathway includes cathepsin D and acidic sphingomyelinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Thibodeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Zoller T, Zeller WJ. Production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytic cells after exposure to glass wool and stone wool fibres - effect of fibre preincubation in aqueous solution. Toxicol Lett 2000; 114:1-9. [PMID: 10713463 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of four man-made vitreous fibres (MMVFs) (glass wool Code A, stone wool Code G, HT-N and MMVF 21) and of two natural mineral fibres (crocidolite, erionite) to induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by differentiated HL-60 cells (HL-60-M cells) was investigated by determination of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Quartz served as positive control. The same system was used to uncover possible influences of fibre preincubation in aqueous solutions on the ROS-generating potential. Following preincubation in unbuffered saline over about 4 weeks, Code A and G fibres showed decreased ROS-generating potential as compared to freshly suspended fibres. On the other hand, MMVF 21 and HT-N fibres as well as crocidolite and erionite showed no decreased CL after incubation in aqueous solutions. The observed decrease of the ROS-generating potential of Code A and G fibres after preincubation may be an expression of fibre surface alterations (leaching, initiation of dissolution) that influences the response of exposed phagocytic cells. After incubation of both fibres in buffered solutions at different pH values (5.0, 7.4) a reduced ROS-generating potential was still discernible as compared to freshly suspended fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zoller
- German Cancer Research Center, P.O.B. 101949, 69009, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang Z, Shen HM, Zhang QF, Ong CN. Involvement of oxidative stress in crystalline silica-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2000; 82:245-252. [PMID: 10702332 DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1999.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) occupy a key position in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, although the mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In the present study we examined the involvement of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species formation in silica-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured rat AMs. A lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence test was used to determine superoxide anion (O(-)(2)), and a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence test was employed to measure the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) level. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects caused by silica in AMs were examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), respectively. The results showed that silica enhanced O(-)(2) and H(2)O(2) formation in AMs. There were clear dose- and time-dependent relationships in silica-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase and catalase were able to reduce silica-induced LDH leakage and DNA damage, with concurrent significant inhibition on silica-induced oxidative stress in AMs. These findings provide convincing evidence that oxidative stress mediates the silica-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The understanding of such a mechanism may provide a scientific basis for the possible application of antioxidants in preventing the hazardous effects of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Pneumociniosis Division, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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