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Jiang M, Jiang X, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Wu C, Zhang J, Hu J, Zhang J. The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in diabetic wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1136098. [PMID: 36926346 PMCID: PMC10011107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes, requiring repeated surgical interventions and leading to amputation. In the absence of effective drugs, new treatments need to be explored. Previous studies have found that stem cell transplantation can promote the healing of chronic diabetic wounds. However, safety issues have limited the clinical application of this technique. Recently, the performance of mesenchymal stem cells after transplantation has been increasingly attributed to their production of exocrine functional derivatives such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), cytokines, and cell-conditioned media. EVs contain a variety of cellular molecules, including RNA, DNA and proteins, which facilitate the exchange of information between cells. EVs have several advantages over parental stem cells, including a high safety profile, no immune response, fewer ethical concerns, and a reduced likelihood of embolism formation and carcinogenesis. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in accelerating diabetic wound healing, as well as their potential clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Geriatic Oncology, Department of Palliative Care, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Endocrinology Department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- Endocrinology Department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Semini G, Hildmann A, Reissig HU, Reutter W, Danker K. The novel synthetic ether lipid inositol-C2-PAF inhibits phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinases Src and FAK independent of integrin activation in transformed skin cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:985-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geo Semini
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Institut fuer Biochemie, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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Danker K, Reutter W, Semini G. Glycosidated phospholipids: uncoupling of signalling pathways at the plasma membrane. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:36-47. [PMID: 20331609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell expansion and metastasis are considered hallmarks of tumour progression. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop novel anti-cancer drugs that inhibit both the proliferation and the motility of tumour cells. Synthetic alkylphospholipids, compounds with aliphatic side chains that are ether linked to a glycerol backbone, are structurally derived from platelet-activating factor and represent a new class of drugs with anti-proliferative properties in tumour cells. These compounds do not interfere with the DNA or mitotic spindle apparatus of the cell. Instead, they are incorporated into cell membranes, where they accumulate and interfere with lipid metabolism and lipid-dependent signalling pathways. Recently, it has been shown that the most commonly studied alkylphospholipids inhibit proliferation by inducing apoptosis in malignant cells while leaving normal cells unaffected. This review focuses on a novel group of synthetic alkylphospholipids, the glycosidated phospholipids, which contain carbohydrates or carbohydrate-related molecules at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Members of this subfamily also exhibit anti-proliferative capacity and modulate the cell adhesion, differentiation, and migration of tumour cells. Among this group, Ino-C2-PAF shows the highest efficacy and low cytotoxicity. Apart from its anti-proliferative effect, Ino-C2-PAF strongly reduces cell motility via its inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of the cytosolic tyrosine kinases FAK and Src. Signalling pathways under the control of the FAK/Src complex are normally required for both migration and proliferation and play a prominent role in tumour progression. We intend to highlight the potential of glycosidated phospholipids, especially Ino-C2-PAF, as a promising new group of drugs for the treatment of hyperproliferative and migration-based skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Danker
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Institut fuer Biochemie, Monbijoustr, Berlin.
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Hiroshima Y, Bando M, Kataoka M, Nagata T, Kido JI. Regulation of calprotectin expression in human keratinocytes in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2329/perio.49.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gabriel B, zur Hausen A, Stickeler E, Dietz C, Gitsch G, Fischer DC, Bouda J, Tempfer C, Hasenburg A. Weak expression of focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) in patients with cervical cancer is associated with poor disease outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2476-83. [PMID: 16638855 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pp125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a pivotal role in tumor cell signaling. FAK expression has been linked to tumor cell invasion and metastasis, but data on cervical cancer are inconclusive. Our goal was to investigate FAK expression in cervical cancer and to assess whether its expression correlates with prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FAK expression was examined using immunohistochemistry with sections from 162 resected cervical cancer specimens. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to determine the significance of FAK expression in the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. RESULTS Specific FAK expression was found in the tumor cells, whereas normal cervical epithelium showed barely any FAK expression. Of 162 invasive cervical cancer specimens, 55 (34%) revealed weak expression of FAK, whereas moderate and strong expression was found in 63 (39%) and 44 (27%) tumors, respectively. Patients with tumors expressing weak amounts of FAK were characterized by a significantly poorer overall survival compared with those with moderate and high intratumoral FAK expression (P = 0.002). Weak expression of FAK correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis (P = 0.026) and recurrent disease (P = 0.013). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed decreased FAK expression and pelvic lymph node metastasis to be significant independent factors predictive of poor disease outcome (hazard ratio, 0.36; P = 0.005; hazard ratio, 2.38; P = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Weak expression of FAK in invasive cervical cancer is a strong independent predictor of poor patient outcome. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether FAK expression analysis is a suitable tool identifying patients at high risk even at an early clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gabriel
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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6
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Abstract
The composition of the extracellular matrix in tumors is vastly different from that found in the normal tissue counterparts. As the extracellular matrix can signal to cells via integrin binding and activation, which is known to modulate cell proliferation, survival and migration, it may influence the response of both tumor and endothelial cells to anticancer therapies. Certain tumor-associated extracellular matrix proteins have been shown to confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation and anti-angiogenic factors. The current literature regarding this phenomenon and the potential therapeutic modalities to overcome extracellular matrix-induced resistance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Addison
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Box 926, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Mechai N, Wenzel M, Koch M, Lucka L, Horstkorte R, Reutter W, Danker K. The cytoplasmic tail of the alpha3 integrin subunit promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. J Neurosci Res 2005; 82:753-61. [PMID: 16267829 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Binding of integrins to proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and signaling information for biological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, neurite outgrowth, and differentiation. Integrins represent a family of heterodimeric transmembrane cell surface receptors. Besides connecting the ECM with the cytoskeleton, integrins also induce various signaling pathways in response to ligand binding. Integrin ligation leads to cytoplasmic protein-protein interactions requiring both integrin cytoplasmic tails. These sequences are initiation points for focal adhesion formation and subsequent signal transduction cascades. In this study, we addressed the question of whether the short cytoplasmic tail of the alpha(3) integrin subunit of alpha(3)beta(1) integrin is required for alpha(3)beta(1) integrin-dependent processes. For this purpose, cDNA representing the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) alpha subunit and the cytoplasmic sequence of the alpha(3) integrin subunit was transfected into PC12 cells. Autonomous expression of the cytoplasmic alpha(3) tail does not affect attachment but leads to inhibition of neuronal differentiation on laminin 5. This indicates that the cytoplasmic alpha(3) sequence is not required for cell attachment but is necessary for long-term adhesion and for the reorganization of the cytoskeleton that precedes neuronal differentiation. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth by chimeric IL2R-alpha(3) can be rescued by treatment of transfected cells with the pharmacological inhibitor Y27632, which inhibits the RhoA downstream effector Rho kinase alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mechai
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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Bartolmäs T, Heyn T, Mickeleit M, Fischer A, Reutter W, Danker K. Glucosamine-glycerophospholipids that activate cell-matrix adhesion and migration. J Med Chem 2005; 48:6750-5. [PMID: 16220990 DOI: 10.1021/jm050558n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new analogues derived from the platelet activating factor (PAF), containing glucosamine instead of the acetyl group, were synthesized, and their effect on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was evaluated with respect to cytotoxicity, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Starting with (R)-1,2-isopropylideneglycerol (3), the glycosylation acceptor 1-O-octadecyl-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycerol (6) was synthesized in three steps. Glycosylation of 6 with the already known O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-dimethylmaleimido-beta-D-glycopyranosyl)trichloracetimidate gave 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(3',4',6'-tri-O-acetyl-2'-deoxy-2'-dimethylmaleimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycerol (7). After removing the (tert-butyldimethyl)silyl (TBDMS) group with FeCl3x6H2O, phosphoryl choline was introduced, yielding [1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(2'-deoxy-2'-dimethylmaleimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycero(3)]phosphorylcholine (2) (glucosimide-PAF). pH controlled cleavage of the amino protection group gave [1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(2'-deoxy-2'-amino-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycero(3)]phosphorylcholine hydrochloride (1) (glucosamine-PAF). 2 inhibited proliferation of HaCaT cells by 26% at nontoxic concentrations, while 1 increased the proliferation rate by 30% at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, both compounds showed cytotoxic properties with LD50 = 30 micromol/L (1) and LD50 = 5-6 micromol/L (2). Both 1 and 2 were potent promoters of cell adhesion and migration of HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Bartolmäs
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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9
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Watermann DO, Gabriel B, Jäger M, Orlowska-Volk M, Hasenburg A, zur Hausen A, Gitsch G, Stickeler E. Specific induction of pp125 focal adhesion kinase in human breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:694-8. [PMID: 16136050 PMCID: PMC2361616 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pp125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is involved in integrin-mediated cell signalling and overexpressed in a variety of solid tumours. Focal adhesion kinase expression has been correlated to invasion and metastasis, but the data on breast cancer are inconclusive. We analysed FAK mRNA, protein levels and expression patterns in primary breast cancer and normal breast tissue. FAK expression on the functional protein level and mRNA was determined in 55 matched pairs of breast cancer and corresponding normal tissue by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and RT–PCR. Using a score ranging from 0 to +5 for Western blots, we determined in normal breast tissue a score of 1.51±0.84 (mean±standard deviation), which was strongly induced to 2.91 (±1.22) in breast cancers (P<0.001). Overall, 45 out of 55 tissue pairs (81.8%) showed this upregulation of FAK protein in tumours in comparison to normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings with a significant higher score for tumours vs physiological tissue (1.0±0.63 vs 2.27±0.91; P=0.001). Interestingly, no overall significant difference in the mRNA levels (P=0.359) was observed. In conclusion, expression levels of the FAK protein are specifically upregulated in breast cancer in comparison to matched normal breast tissue supporting its pivotal role in neoplastic signal transduction and representing a potential marker for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Watermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Gabriel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Jäger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Orlowska-Volk
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Gitsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. E-mail:
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10
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Conklin MW, Lin MS, Spitzer NC. Local calcium transients contribute to disappearance of pFAK, focal complex removal and deadhesion of neuronal growth cones and fibroblasts. Dev Biol 2005; 287:201-12. [PMID: 16202989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is crucial for migration of cells during development, and cell-substrate adhesion of motile cells is accomplished through the formation and removal of focal complexes that are sites of cell-substrate contact. Because Ca2+ signaling regulates the rate of axon outgrowth and growth cone turning, we investigated the potential role of Ca2+ in focal complex dynamics. We describe a novel class of localized, spontaneous transient elevations of cytosolic Ca2+ observed both in Xenopus neuronal growth cones and fibroblasts that are 2-6 mum in spatial extent and 2-4 s in duration. They are distributed throughout growth cone lamellipodia and at the periphery of fibroblast pseudopodia, which are regions of high motility. In both cell types, these Ca2+ transients lead to disappearance of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK) and deadhesion from the substrate as assessed by confocal and internal reflection microscopy, respectively. The loss of pFAK is inhibited by cyclosporin A, suggesting that these Ca2+ transients exert their effects via calcineurin. These results identify an intrinsic mechanism for local cell detachment that may be modulated by agents that regulate motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Conklin
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, USA
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11
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Abstract
Src family nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases transduce signals that control normal cellular processes such as cell proliferation, adhesion and motility. Normally, cellular Src is held in an inactive state, but in several cancer types, abnormal events lead to elevated kinase activity of the protein and cause pleiotropic cellular responses inducing transformation and metastasis. A prerequisite of the ability of a cancer cell to undergo metastasis into distant tissues is to penetrate surrounding extracellular matrices. These processes are facilitated by the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules. As is the case with Src, altered integrin activity or substrate affinity can contribute to the neoplastic phenotype. Therefore, understanding the interplay between Src and integrin function has been of intense interest over the past few years. This review focuses on the role of Src and integrin signaling in normal cells and how this is deregulated in human cancer. We will identify the key players in the integrin-mediated signaling pathways involved in cell motility and apoptosis, such as FAK, paxillin and p130(CAS), and discuss how Src signaling affects the formation of focal adhesions and the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Playford
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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McLean GW, Avizienyte E, Frame MC. Focal adhesion kinase as a potential target in oncology. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2003; 4:227-34. [PMID: 12562313 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.4.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a pivotal role in signal transduction at integrin-linked cellular adhesions, which mediate cell contact with the extracellular matrix. It has been shown to play a role in the survival of anchorage-dependent cells and to be essential for integrin-linked cell migration - processes that are likely to play important roles in the development of malignancies. FAK is upregulated in a wide variety of human epithelial cancers, with expression being closely correlated to invasive potential. Recently, evidence has emerged directly linking FAK expression to tumour development in vivo, raising the possibility that intervention strategies to block FAK function may potentially provide an opportunity for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W McLean
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Laboratories, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK.
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13
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Weber E, Rossi A, Solito R, Sacchi G, Agliano' M, Gerli R. Focal adhesion molecules expression and fibrillin deposition by lymphatic and blood vessel endothelial cells in culture. Microvasc Res 2002; 64:47-55. [PMID: 12074630 DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2002.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microfibrils of anchoring filaments, a typical ultrastructural feature of initial lymphatic vessels, consist mainly of fibrillin and are similar to the microfibrils of elastic fibers. As we previously demonstrated, they radiate from focal adhesions of lymphatic endothelium to the perivascular elastic network. Although present in large blood vessels, fibrillin microfibrils have never been detected in blood capillaries. Here we report immunohistochemical evidence that cultured bovine aortic and lymphatic endothelial cells express fibrillin microfibrils. These microfibrils form an irregular web in lymphatic endothelial cells, whereas in blood vessel endothelial cells they are arranged in a honeycomb pattern. Cultured lymphatic and blood vessel endothelial cells also produce focal adhesion molecules: focal adhesion kinase, vinculin, talin, and cytoskeletal beta-actin. Our data suggest that anchoring filaments of initial lymphatic vessels in vivo may be produced by endothelium. Through their connection with focal adhesions, they may form a mechanical anchorage for the thin wall of initial lymphatic vessels and a transduction device for mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix into biochemical signals in endothelial cells. The complex anchoring filaments-focal adhesions may control the permeability of lymphatic endothelium and finely adjust lymph formation to the physiological conditions of the extracellular matrix. The different deposition of fibrillin microfibrils in blood vessel endothelial cells may be related to the necessity of withstanding shear forces. Thus, in our opinion, differences in fibrillin deposition imply a different role of fibrillin in blood vessel and lymphatic endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Weber
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Medicina Molecolare, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
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14
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Vossmeyer D, Hofmann W, Löster K, Reutter W, Danker K. Phospholipase Cgamma binds alpha1beta1 integrin and modulates alpha1beta1 integrin-specific adhesion. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:4636-43. [PMID: 11724770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105415200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors have been implicated in bidirectional signal transduction. The dynamic regulation of integrin affinity and avidity as well as post-ligand effects involved in outside-in signaling depends on the interaction of integrins with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. In this study, we attempted to identify cytoplasmic binding partners of alpha(1)beta(1) integrin. We were able to show that cell adhesion to alpha(1)beta(1)-specific substrates results in the association of phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) with the alpha(1)beta(1) integrin independent of PLCgamma tyrosine phosphorylation. Using peptide-binding assays, the membrane proximal sequences within the alpha(1)beta(1) integrin subunits were identified as binding sites for PLCgamma. In particular, the conserved sequence of beta(1) subunit binds the enzyme very efficiently. Because purified PLCgamma also binds the integrin peptides, binding seems to be direct. Inhibition of PLC by leads to reduced cell adhesion on alpha(1)beta(1)-specific substrates. Cells lacking the conserved domain of the alpha(1) subunit fail to respond to the PLC inhibition, indicating that this domain is necessary for PLC-dependent adhesion modulation of alpha(1)beta(1) integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Vossmeyer
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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15
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Molina T, Kabsch K, Alonso A, Kohl A, Komposch G, Tomakidi P. Topographic changes of focal adhesion components and modulation of p125FAK activation in stretched human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2001; 80:1984-9. [PMID: 11759007 DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress has been shown in vitro to modulate integrin-beta1-mediated activation of p125FAK/FAK. To test the hypothesis whether this also applies to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLs), we subjected human PDLs to mechanical stretch and analyzed stress-induced changes of p125FAK activation by quantitative immunoprecipitation of p125FAK and changes in the topography of molecules localizing in focal adhesions by indirect immunofluorescence. Generally, all components of focal contacts under study-including detection of phosphotyrosine, i.e., integrin-beta1, p125FAK, and paxillin-revealed a relative co-localization during stretch application. Under stretch, we observed a re-distribution of all components from the cell periphery to the cytoplasm following the main axes. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK was monitored up to 72 hours under stretch. While the amount of p125FAK remained essentially constant, the activation of p125FAK was clearly modulated. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK increased from 15 minutes up to 1 hour and declined after stretching periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The analysis of our data indicated a stretch-induced redistribution of focal adhesion components and a modulation of p125FAK activation, suggesting alterations in focal adhesions and their associated signal cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Molina
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Schaller MD. Biochemical signals and biological responses elicited by the focal adhesion kinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1540:1-21. [PMID: 11476890 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(01)00123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase, FAK, is an important component of an integrin-dependent signaling pathway, which functions to transmit signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm. FAK is an essential gene product, since the fak-/- mouse exhibits embryonic lethality. A number of important biological processes, including cell motility and cell survival, are controlled by integrin-dependent signals and FAK has been implicated in regulating these processes. This review will focus upon recent findings providing insight into the mechanisms by which FAK transmits biochemical signals and elicits biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Schaller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
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17
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Danker K, Mechai N, Lucka L, Reutter W, Horstkorte R. The small Gtpase ras is involved in growth factor-regulated expression of the alpha1 integrin subunit in PC12 cells. Biol Chem 2001; 382:969-72. [PMID: 11501763 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PC12 cells interact with several growth factors (e. g. EGF, FGF, and NGF) via specific tyrosine receptor kinases, resulting in cell proliferation or neuronal differentiation. The small GTPase Ras is known to be involved in downstream signaling of these growth factor receptors. Furthermore, cell-matrix interactions mediated by integrins, as well as integrin-induced signaling, are also involved in growth factor-stimulated signal transduction in PC12 cells. In this study we determined the expression of the alpha1 integrin subunit in response to EGF and NGF in PC12 wild-type (wt) cells, and in PC12 cells overexpressing an inactive H-Ras protein (RasN17). In PC12 wt cells, alpha1 integrin expression is upregulated by EGF and NGF. Cell surface expression of alpha1beta1integrin is also enhanced in growth factor-treated cells. This upregulation leads to increased alpha1beta1-specific adhesion to collagen. In cells expressing the dominant-negative RasN17 variant, alpha1 integrin expression and alpha1beta1-specific adhesion remain unchanged in response to both growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Danker
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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McLean GW, Fincham VJ, Frame MC. v-Src induces tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase independently of tyrosine 397 and formation of a complex with Src. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:23333-9. [PMID: 10816598 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m909322199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase FAK plays a key role at sites of cellular adhesion. It is subject to regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation in response to a variety of stimuli, including integrin engagement after attachment to extracellular matrix, oncogene activation, and growth factor stimulation. Here we use an antibody that specifically recognizes the phosphorylated form of the putative FAK autophosphorylation site, Tyr(397). We demonstrate that FAK phosphorylation induced by integrins during focal adhesion assembly differs from that induced by activation of a temperature-sensitive v-Src, which is associated with focal adhesion turnover and transformation. Specifically, although v-Src induces tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, there is no detectable phosphorylation of Tyr(397). Moreover, activation of v-Src results in a net decrease in fibronectin-stimulated phosphorylation of Tyr(397), suggesting possible antagonism between v-Src and integrin-induced phosphorylation. Our mutational analysis further indicates that the binding of v-Src to Tyr(397) of FAK in its phosphorylated form, which is normally mediated, at least in part, by the SH2 domain of Src, is not essential for v-Src-induced cell transformation. We conclude that different stimuli can induce phosphorylation of FAK on distinct tyrosine residues, linking specific phosphorylation events to ensuing biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W McLean
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom.
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Vossmeyer D, Kaufmann C, Löster K, Lucka L, Horstkorte R, Reutter W, Danker K. The cytoplasmic domain of the alpha1 integrin subunit influences stress fiber formation via the conserved GFFKR motif. Exp Cell Res 2000; 256:321-7. [PMID: 10739680 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate substrate adhesion and migration but also the bidirectional transfer of information across the plasma membrane via their cytoplasmic domains. We addressed the question of whether the very short cytoplasmic tail of the alpha1 integrin subunit of alpha1beta1 integrin is required for alpha1beta1-specific adhesion, spreading, and migration. For this purpose we transfected the alpha1 integrin subunit and two cytoplasmically truncated alpha1 subunits into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Elimination of the entire cytoplasmic domain of the alpha1 subunit does not affect adhesion but leads to inhibition of spreading and stress fiber formation. The defect in spreading could not be rescued by lysophosphatidic acid, which has been reported to stimulate actin stress fiber formation via Rho. Additionally, deletion of the entire cytoplasmic domain of the alpha1 subunit abolishes migration toward alpha1beta1-specific substrates. Migration and stress fiber formation are similar in CHO-alpha1 cells and CHO cells carrying an alpha1 subunit still containing the conserved GFFKR motif. So, the GFFKR motif of the alpha1 subunit is essential and sufficient for these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vossmeyer
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin-Dahlem, D-14195, Germany
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