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Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Claridge B, Yildiz GS, Woon LML, Bond S, Fang H, Ooi JYY, Matsumoto A, Luo J, Tai CMK, Harmawan CA, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Mellett NA, Abel ED, Khan SA, De Souza DP, Doomun SNE, Liu K, Xiang R, Singh M, Inouye M, Meikle PJ, Weeks KL, Drew BG, Greening DW, McMullen JR. Estrogen receptor alpha deficiency in cardiomyocytes reprograms the heart-derived extracellular vesicle proteome and induces obesity in female mice. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:268-289. [PMID: 39196021 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been linked with increased metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we generate and characterize cardiomyocyte-specific ERα knockout (ERαHKO) mice to assess the role of ERα in the heart. The most striking phenotype was obesity in female ERαHKO but not male ERαHKO mice. Female ERαHKO mice showed cardiac dysfunction, mild glucose and insulin intolerance and reduced ERα gene expression in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Transcriptomic, proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic analyses revealed evidence of contractile and/or metabolic dysregulation in heart, skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. We show that heart-derived extracellular vesicles from female ERαHKO mice contain a distinct proteome associated with lipid and metabolic regulation, and have the capacity to metabolically reprogram the target skeletal myocyte proteome with functional impacts on glycolytic capacity and reserve. This multi-omics study uncovers a cardiac-initiated and sex-specific cardiometabolic phenotype regulated by ERα and provides insights into extracellular vesicle-mediated interorgan communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yow Keat Tham
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gunes S Yildiz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Simon Bond
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Matsumoto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieting Luo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celeste M K Tai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - E Dale Abel
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, CA, USA
| | - Sohaib A Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Liu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruidong Xiang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manika Singh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Inouye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Saxena S, Kruys V, De Jongh R, Vamecq J, Maze M. High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Its Potential Role in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:2582. [PMID: 34685561 PMCID: PMC8533835 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aseptic surgical trauma provokes the release of HMGB1, which engages the innate immune response after binding to pattern-recognition receptors on circulating bone marrow-derived monocytes (BM-DM). The initial systemic inflammation, together with HMGB1, disrupts the blood-brain barrier allowing penetration of CCR2-expressing BM-DMs into the hippocampus, attracted by the chemokine MCP-1 that is upregulated by HMGB1. Within the brain parenchyma quiescent microglia are activated and, together with the translocated BM-DMs, release proinflammatory cytokines that disrupt synaptic plasticity and hence memory formation and retention, resulting in postoperative cognitive decline (PCD). Neutralizing antibodies to HMGB1 prevents the inflammatory response to trauma and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital Center (CHU de Charleroi), 6000 Charleroi, Belgium;
| | - Véronique Kruys
- ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium;
| | - Raf De Jongh
- Department of Anesthesia, Fondation Hopale, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France;
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, CHRU Lille, Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, EA 7364 RADEME, 59000 Lille, France;
- Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North France, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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3
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Deo KM, Ang DL, McGhie B, Rajamanickam A, Dhiman A, Khoury A, Holland J, Bjelosevic A, Pages B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Platinum coordination compounds with potent anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Li X, Liu Y, Tian H. Current Developments in Pt(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated with Bioactive Ligands. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:8276139. [PMID: 30402082 PMCID: PMC6191961 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8276139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the side effects of and resistance to cisplatin, a variety of Pt(IV) prodrugs were designed and synthesized via different modifications including combination with lipid chains to increase hydrophobicity, conjugation with short peptide chains or nanoparticles to improve drug delivery, or addition of bioactive ligands to the axial positions of Pt(IV) complexes to exert dual-function effects. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of Pt(IV) prodrugs conjugated with bioactive-targeting ligands, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, p53 agonists, alkylating agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Although Pt(IV) complexes that conjugated with bioactive ligands show satisfactory anticancer effects, none has been approved for clinical use. Therefore, we hope that this review will contribute to further study and development of Pt(IV) complexes conjugated with bioactive and other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Binjiang Pharma, Inc., Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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Gaskell H, Ge X, Nieto N. High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1005-1020. [PMID: 30202816 PMCID: PMC6128227 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein. While initially thought to be simply an architectural protein due to its DNA‐binding ability, evidence from the last decade suggests that HMGB1 is a key protein participating in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury and chronic liver disease. When it is passively released or actively secreted after injury, HMGB1 acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern that communicates injury and inflammation to neighboring cells by the receptor for advanced glycation end products or toll‐like receptor 4, among others. In the setting of acute liver injury, HMGB1 participates in ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and drug‐induced liver injury. In the context of chronic liver disease, it has been implicated in alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, specific posttranslational modifications have been identified that could condition the effects of the protein in the liver. Here, we provide a detailed review of how HMGB1 signaling participates in acute liver injury and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Gaskell
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL.,Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
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6
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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7
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Bertanza G, Pedrazzani R, Dal Grande M, Papa M, Zambarda V, Montani C, Steimberg N, Mazzoleni G, Di Lorenzo D. Effect of biological and chemical oxidation on the removal of estrogenic compounds (NP and BPA) from wastewater: an integrated assessment procedure. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:2473-2484. [PMID: 21420711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A major source of the wide presence of EDCs (Endocrine Disrupting Compounds) in water bodies is represented by direct/indirect discharge of sewage. Recent scientific literature reports data about their trace concentration in water, sediments and aquatic organisms, as well as removal efficiencies of different wastewater treatment schemes. Despite the availability of a huge amount of data, some doubts still persist due to the difficulty in evaluating synergistic effects of trace pollutants in complex matrices. In this paper, an integrated assessment procedure was used, based on chemical and biological analyses, in order to compare the performance of two full scale biological wastewater treatment plants (either equipped with conventional settling tanks or with an ultrafiltration membrane unit) and tertiary ozonation (pilot scale). Nonylphenol and bisphenol A were chosen as model EDCs, together with the parent compounds mono- and di-ethoxylated nonylphenol (quantified by means of GC-MS). Water estrogenic activity was evaluated by applying the human breast cancer MCF-7 based reporter gene assay. Process parameters (e.g., sludge age, temperature) and conventional pollutants (e.g., COD, suspended solids) were also measured during monitoring campaigns. Conventional activated sludge achieved satisfactory removal of both analytes and estrogenicity. A further reduction of biological activity was exerted by MBR (Membrane Biological Reactor) as well as ozonation; the latter contributed also to decrease EDC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- DICATA Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land and Environment, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
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8
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Mechanistic insights into antitumor effects of new dinuclear cis PtII complexes containing aromatic linkers. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:344-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Harper B, Krause-Heuer A, Grant M, Manohar M, Garbutcheon-Singh KB, Aldrich-Wright J. Advances in Platinum Chemotherapeutics. Chemistry 2010; 16:7064-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Lovejoy KS, Lippard SJ. Non-traditional platinum compounds for improved accumulation, oral bioavailability, and tumor targeting. Dalton Trans 2009:10651-9. [PMID: 20023892 PMCID: PMC2800312 DOI: 10.1039/b913896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The five platinum anticancer compounds currently in clinical use conform to structure-activity relationships formulated (M. J. Cleare and J. D. Hoeschele, Bioinorg. Chem., 1973, 2, 187-210) shortly after the discovery that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cisplatin, has antitumor activity in mice. These compounds are neutral platinum(II) species with two am(m)ine ligands or one bidentate chelating diamine and two additional ligands that can be replaced by water through aquation reactions. The resulting cations ultimately form bifunctional adducts on DNA. Information about the chemistry of these platinum compounds and correlations of their structures with anticancer activity have provided guidance for the design of novel anticancer drug candidates based on the proposed mechanisms of action. This article discusses advances in the synthesis and evaluation of such non-traditional platinum compounds, including cationic and tumor-targeting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Lovejoy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Chen JQ, Brown TR, Russo J. Regulation of energy metabolism pathways by estrogens and estrogenic chemicals and potential implications in obesity associated with increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1128-43. [PMID: 19348861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among children, adolescents and adults has been dramatically increasing worldwide during the last several decades. The obesity epidemic has been recognized as one of the major global health problems, because its health hazard is linked to a number of common diseases including breast and prostate cancers. Obesity is caused by combination of genetic and environmental factors. While genetic contribution to obesity has been known to be significant, the genetic factors remain relatively unchanged. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of environmental "obesogens", i.e. the xenobiotic chemicals that can disrupt the normal development and homeostatic control over adipogenesis and energy balance. Several lines of evidence suggest that increasing exposure to chemicals with endocrine-disrupting activities (endocrine-disrupting chemicals, EDCs) contributes to the increased obesity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesogen-associated obesity are just now being appreciated. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed current knowledge about the role of estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta) in regulation of energy metabolism pathways, including glucose transport, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), adenosine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and fatty acid beta-oxidation and synthesis, by estrogens; and then examined the disturbance of E(2)/ER-mediated energy metabolism pathways by environmental obesogens; and finally, we discussed the potential implications of disturbance of energy metabolism pathways by obesogens in obesity and pointed out several key aspects of this area that need to be further explored. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesogen-associated obesity will lead to new approaches for slow down and/or prevention of the increased trend of obesity associated with exposure to obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiang Chen
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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12
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Han SW, Nakamura C, Imai Y, Nakamura N, Miyake J. Monitoring of hormonal drug effect in a single breast cancer cell using an estrogen responsive GFP reporter vector delivered by a nanoneedle. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:1219-22. [PMID: 18722104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have evaluated a sensor system for a hormonal drug effect in a single cell level using a novel low invasive single cell DNA delivery technology using a nanoneedle. An estrogen responsive GFP reporter vector (pEREGFP9) was constructed and its estrogenic response activity was confirmed in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using lipofection as the means of transferring the vector to the cells. The pEREGFP9 vector was delivered to a single MCF-7 using a nanoneedle and the effect of ICI 182,780, which is an antagonist of estrogen, was observed using the GFP expression level. By ICI 182,780 treatment, the fluorescence intensity of the GFP was decreased by 30-50% within 24h. This technology is the very first trial of single cell diagnosis and we are looking forward to applying it to precious single cell diagnosis in medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woong Han
- Research Institute for Cell Engineering (RICE), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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Fink MP. Bench-to-bedside review: High-mobility group box 1 and critical illness. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2008; 11:229. [PMID: 17903310 PMCID: PMC2556731 DOI: 10.1186/cc6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that also exhibits proinflammatory cytokine-like activity. HMGB1 is passively released by necrotic cells and also is actively secreted by immunostimulated macrophages, dendritic cells, and enterocytes. Although circulating HMGB1 levels are increased relative to healthy controls in patients with infections and severe sepsis, plasma or serum HMGB1 concentrations do not discriminate reliably between infected and uninfected critically ill patients. Nevertheless, administration of drugs that block HMGB1 secretion or of anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibodies has been shown to ameliorate organ dysfunction and/or improve survival in numerous animal models of critical illness. Because HMGB1 tends to be released relatively late in the inflammatory response (at least in animal models of endotoxemia or sepsis), this protein is an attractive target for the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with various forms of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P Fink
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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14
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Gabano E, Cassino C, Bonetti S, Prandi C, Colangelo D, Ghiglia A, Osella D. Synthesis and characterisation of estrogenic carriers for cytotoxic Pt(ii) fragments: biological activity of the resulting complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3531-9. [PMID: 16172691 DOI: 10.1039/b507716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and the spectroscopic characterisation of cis-dichloro[N-(4-(17alpha-ethynylestradiolyl)-benzyl)-ethylenediamine]platinum(II) and cis-diamino[2-(4-(17alpha-ethynylestradiolyl)-benzoylamino)-malonato]platinum(II). These complexes were synthesised in good yield according to multi-step procedures based on the classical and non-classical Sonogashira coupling reaction, respectively. These compounds retain an acceptable degree of relative binding affinity (RBA) for the alpha form of estrogen receptor. Combined treatment of breast cancer cell lines, namely hormone-sensitive MCF-7 and hormone-insensitive MDA-MB-231 cell lines, indicates that these compounds maintain agonistic activity so that the potential advantage in vehiculation of the cytotoxic moiety by means of the receptor system is counteracted by the proliferative effect of the estrogenic component of the entire molecule, especially at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Spalto Marengo 33, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
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15
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Talukder AH, Gururaj A, Mishra SK, Vadlamudi RK, Kumar R. Metastasis-associated protein 1 interacts with NRIF3, an estrogen-inducible nuclear receptor coregulator. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:6581-91. [PMID: 15254226 PMCID: PMC444867 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.15.6581-6591.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Revised: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) is modified by regulatory action and interactions of coactivators and corepressors. Recent studies have shown that the metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) represses estrogen receptor element (ERE)-driven transcription in breast cancer cells. With a yeast two-hybrid screen to clone MTA1-interacting proteins, we identified a known nuclear receptor coregulator (NRIF3) as an MTA1-binding protein. NRIF3 interacted with MTA1 both in vitro and in vivo. NRIF3 bound to the C-terminal region of MTA1, while MTA1 bound to the N-terminal region of NRIF3, containing one nuclear receptor interaction LXXLL motif. We showed that NRIF3 is an ER coactivator, hyperstimulated ER transactivation functions, and associated with the endogenous ER and its target gene promoter. MTA1 repressed NRIF3-mediated stimulation of ERE-driven transcription and interfered with NRIF3's association with the ER target gene chromatin. In addition, NRIF3 deregulation enhanced the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to estrogen-induced stimulation of growth and anchorage independence. Furthermore, we found that NRIF3 is an estrogen-inducible gene and activated ER associated with the ER response element in the NRIF3 gene promoter. These findings suggest that NRIF3, an MTA1-interacting protein, is an estrogen-inducible gene and that regulatory interactions between MTA1 and NRIF3 might be important in modulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to estrogen.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Gene Deletion
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Genetic
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H Talukder
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Tynan SH, Lundeen SG, Allan GF. Cell type-specific bidirectional regulation of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene by estrogen. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 91:225-39. [PMID: 15336700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has numerous beneficial physiological actions; however, by acting as a mitogen, it plays a significant role in the induction and maintenance of breast cancer. Although the positive effects of estrogen on gene expression are well described, negative gene regulation is not. Using microarray analysis, we identified 27 genes that were up-regulated and 20 that were down-regulated by estrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. One gene encoding GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein), a putative apoptosis-regulating transcription factor, is rapidly down-regulated by estrogen in these cells. Estrogen antagonists block the down-regulation. The region of the GILZ promoter between nucleotides -104 and -69 mediates both basal activity and estrogen-dependent down-regulation in MCF-7 cells. This region contains a functional Oct-1 binding site and a cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) binding site. The same DNA region mediates up-regulation by estrogen in HeLa and HEK293 cells, indicating that cell-specific factors are involved in estrogen regulation of this gene. The estrogen receptor (ER) is present in GILZ promoter protein complexes, but it does not bind directly to the promoter itself, as the DNA-binding domain of the estrogen receptor is not required for down-regulation. Elimination of the CREB binding site blocks both basal activity and estrogen regulation. Our results suggest that ER action at the CRE may mediate estrogen-dependent, cell-specific regulation of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Tynan
- Reproductive Therapeutics, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 Route 202 South, Room B-115, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
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17
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Abstract
High mobility group-1 (HMGB-1) enhances the DNA interactions and possesses a transcriptional activation potential for several families of sequence-specific transcriptional activators. In order to examine the effect of HMGB-1 on the cell cycle progression in MCF-7 cells, the HMGB-1 expression vector was transfected into synchronized MCF-7 cells, and the effect of HMGB-1 overexpression on the cell cycle was examined. The HMGB-1 protein level in the transfected cells increased 4.87-fold compared to the non-transfected cells. There were few changes in the cell cycle phase distribution after HMGB-1 overexpression in the MCF-7 cells. Following the estrogen treatment, the cell cycle progressed in both the HMGB-1 overexpressed MCF-7 and the mock-treated cells. However, a larger proportion of HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells progressed to the either S or G2 phase than the mock-treated cells. The mRNA levels of the cell cycle regulators changed after being treated with estrogen in both the HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 and the mock-treated cells, but the changes in the expression level of the cell cycle regulator genes were more prominent in the HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells than in the mock-treated cells. In conclusion, HMGB-1 overexpression itself does not alter the MCF-7 cell cycle progression, but the addition of estrogen to the HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells appears to accelerate the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yoon
- Center for Clinical Medicine & Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Center for Clinical Medicine & Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Koo Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DukSoo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DooSeok Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Barnes KR, Kutikov A, Lippard SJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of a Series of Estrogen-Tethered Platinum(IV) Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:557-64. [PMID: 15123250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 01/25/2004] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several estrogen-tethered platinum(IV) complexes were prepared and characterized by ESI-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Their design was inspired by the observation that estrogen receptor-positive cells exposed to the hormone are sensitized to cisplatin. Intracellular reduction of bis-estrogen-cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(IV), BEP(n) (where n = 1-5 methylene groups between Pt and estrogen), occurs to afford cisplatin and two equivalents of the linker-modified estrogen. The ability of BEP(n) to induce overexpression of HMGB1 was established by immunofluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in ER(+) MCF-7 and ER(-) HCC-1937 human breast cancer cell lines. BEP3 selectively induces overexpression of HMGB1 in MCF-7 cells, compared to HCC-1937 cells, and enhances their sensitivity (IC(50) = 2.1 +/- 0.4 microM versus 3.7 +/- 0.9 microM, respectively) to the compound. The difference in compound activities and the potential of compounds of this class for treating breast and ovarian cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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19
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Müller S, Ronfani L, Bianchi ME. Regulated expression and subcellular localization of HMGB1, a chromatin protein with a cytokine function. J Intern Med 2004; 255:332-43. [PMID: 14871457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2003.01296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has been considered as a ubiquitous nuclear protein with an architectural function, but even early reports have described its presence outside of the nucleus. Today, we have only started to understand the extranuclear and extracellular functions of HMGB1: we know that it participates in developmental and differentiation processes, triggers and modulates many of the inflammatory cascades in the body, and may even be involved in the metastatic invasion programme of cancer cells. Given such diverse roles, it is important to know which cells express HMGB1, where, and how much. The present review deals with the expression pattern of HMGB1 and provides evidence that, far from being housekeeping, the HMGB1 gene is tightly regulated. This can have implications for therapeutic intervention on inflammatory diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Müller
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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20
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Chromosomal HMG-box proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(03)39005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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21
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Murua Escobar H, Meyer B, Richter A, Becker K, Flohr AM, Bullerdiek J, Nolte I. Molecular characterization of the canine HMGB1. Cytogenet Genome Res 2003; 101:33-8. [PMID: 14571134 DOI: 10.1159/000073415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2002] [Accepted: 03/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the close similarities of numerous canine diseases to their human counterparts, the dog could join the mouse as the species of choice to unravel the genetic background of complex diseases as e.g. cancer and metabolic diseases. Accordingly, the role of the dog as a model for therapeutic approaches is strongly increasing. However, prerequisite for such studies is the characterization of the corresponding canine genes. Recently, the human high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) has attracted considerable interest of oncologists because of what is called its "double life". Besides its function as an architectural transcription factor HMGB1 can also be secreted by certain cells and then acts as a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The binding of HMGB1 to RAGE can activate key cell signaling pathways, such as p38(MAPK), JNK, and p42/p44(MAPK) emphasizing the important role of HMGB1 in inflammation and tumor metastasis. These results make HMGB1 a very interesting target for therapeutic studies done in model organisms like the dog. In this study we characterized the molecular structure of the canine HMGB1 gene on genomic and cDNA levels, its predicted protein, the gene locus and a basic expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murua Escobar
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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22
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Czura CJ, Wang H, Tracey KJ. Dual roles for HMGB1: DNA binding and cytokine. JOURNAL OF ENDOTOXIN RESEARCH 2002; 7:315-21. [PMID: 11717586 DOI: 10.1177/09680519010070041401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapies against overwhelming Gram-negative bacteremia, or sepsis, have eluded successful development. The discovery that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a host-derived inflammatory mediator, was both necessary and sufficient to recapitulate Gram-negative sepsis raised cautious optimism for developing a targeted therapeutic. However, the rapid kinetics of the TNF response to infection defined an extremely narrow window of opportunity during which anti-TNF therapeutics could be successfully administered. HMGB1 was previously studied as a DNA-binding protein involved in DNA replication, repair, and transcription; and as a membrane-associated protein that mediates neurite outgrowth. A decade-long search has culminated in our identification of HMGB1 as a late mediator of endotoxemia. HMGB1 is released by macrophages upon exposure to endotoxin, activates many other pro-inflammatory mediators, and is lethal to otherwise healthy animals. Elevated levels of HMGB1 are observed in the serum of patients with sepsis, and the highest levels were found in those patients that died. The delayed kinetics of HMGB1 release indicate that it may be useful to target this toxic cytokine in the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Czura
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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23
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Cohen SM, Lippard SJ. Cisplatin: from DNA damage to cancer chemotherapy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 67:93-130. [PMID: 11525387 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(01)67026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin [cis-DDP, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] is a potent anticancer drug that has been used successfully to treat tumors of the head, neck, lungs, and genitourinary tract. The biological activity of cisplatin was discovered serendipitously more than 30 years ago, and since that time research efforts have focused on elucidating its mechanism of action. The present review provides a historical perspective of our attempts to understand this complex phenomenon and the results of recent work that guides our current activities in this field. Continued efforts to understand the mechanism of genotoxicity of cisplatin are expected to lead to the discovery of new drugs and combinations for the improvement of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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24
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Lum HK, Lee KL. The human HMGB1 promoter is modulated by a silencer and an enhancer-containing intron. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1520:79-84. [PMID: 11470162 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved, ubiquitous high mobility group protein HMGB1 (formerly named as HMG1) is an architectural transcription factor encoded by a single functional gene in human. HMGB1 is expressed in almost all cell or tissue types studied. In general, it is expressed at a basal level in most cells but at a slightly elevated level of 2--3-fold in actively proliferating tissues or estrogen stimulated breast cancer cells. To understand the regulatory mechanism controlling expression of the human HMGB1 gene, we cloned and analyzed the upstream region as well as the first intron of this gene. We found that transcription of the human HMGB1 gene in the breast cancer MCF-7 cells starts at one major site 57 nucleotides upstream from the first exon-intron boundary. Expression of the human HMGB1 gene is under the control of a very strong TATA-less promoter, which has an activity more than 18-fold that of the SV40 promoter. Immediately upstream, a silencer element is present. This silencer can repress the activity of the HMGB1 promoter down to just one-sixth. The first intron of the human HMGB1 gene contains enhancer elements, which can increase the human HMGB1 promoter activity by 2--3-fold. We postulate that the human HMGB1 gene is capable of being expressed at a very high level. The basal level of expression observed in most cells is probably a result of the strong promoter being held in check by the silencer. The 2--3-fold increase in HMGB1 expression observed in proliferating cells or breast cancer cells stimulated by estrogen may probably result from the action of the enhancer elements in intron 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Lum
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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25
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Abstract
The HMG-box proteins, one of the three classes of high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins, bend DNA and bind preferentially to distorted DNA structures. The proteins appear to act primarily as architectural facilitators in the assembly of nucleoprotein complexes; for example, in effecting recombination and in the initiation of transcription. HMG-box proteins might be targeted to particular DNA sites in chromatin by either protein-protein interactions or recognition of specific DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Thomas
- Cambridge Centre for Molecular Recognition, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1GA.
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26
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Abstract
An NMR model is presented for the structure of HMG-D, one of the Drosophila counterparts of mammalian HMG1/2 proteins, bound to a particular distorted DNA structure, a dA(2) DNA bulge. The complex is in fast to intermediate exchange on the NMR chemical shift time scale and suffers substantial linebroadening for the majority of interfacial resonances. This essentially precludes determination of a high-resolution structure for the interface based on NMR data alone. However, by introducing a small number of additional constraints based on chemical shift and linewidth footprinting combined with analogies to known structures, an ensemble of model structures was generated using a computational strategy equivalent to that for a conventional NMR structure determination. We find that the base pair adjacent to the dA(2) bulge is not formed and that the protein recognizes this feature in forming the complex; intermolecular NOE enhancements are observed from the sidechain of Thr 33 to all four nucleotides of the DNA sequence step adjacent to the bulge. Our results form the first experimental demonstration that when binding to deformed DNA, non-sequence-specific HMG proteins recognize the junction between duplex and nonduplex DNA. Similarities and differences of the present structural model relative to other HMG-DNA complex structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cerdan
- M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
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27
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Inadera H, Hashimoto S, Dong HY, Suzuki T, Nagai S, Yamashita T, Toyoda N, Matsushima K. WISP-2 as a novel estrogen-responsive gene in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 275:108-14. [PMID: 10944450 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to search for novel estrogen-responsive genes, we performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) for estrogen-treated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. SAGE analysis of 31,000 and 30,856 tags from non-treated and 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-treated cells for 24 h, respectively, facilitated the identification of 15,037 different transcripts. Comparison of these two SAGE libraries indicated a remarkable similarity in expression profiles. Among the identified transcripts, four genes were found to be markedly increased for E2-treated cells compared with control cells. Three of the transcripts were cathepsin D, pS2 and high mobility group 1 protein, which have been described as estrogen-inducible genes. The fourth gene was WISP-2 (Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2) which has recently been reported as an up-regulated gene in the mammary epithelial cell line C57 MG transformed by the Wnt-1 oncogene. The increase in WISP-2 mRNA was completely prevented by co-incubation with a pure anti-estrogen ICI 182,780, but not by coincubation with cycloheximide, indicating that WISP-2 is directly regulated by the estrogen receptor. The WISP-2 gene was also induced by treating with environmental estrogens, such as bisphenol-A or nonylphenol. This study represents the first comprehensive gene expression analysis of estrogen-treated human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Inadera
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Environmental Science Center, CREST, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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28
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He Q, Liang CH, Lippard SJ. Steroid hormones induce HMG1 overexpression and sensitize breast cancer cells to cisplatin and carboplatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5768-72. [PMID: 10811891 PMCID: PMC18508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.100108697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an anticancer drug that has enjoyed remarkable success against testicular tumors, but dose limiting side-effects have limited its application against a broader range of cancers. Previous studies have shown that high-mobility group (HMG) domain proteins such as HMG1 sensitize cells to cisplatin by shielding its major DNA adducts from nucleotide excision repair. Estrogen treatment increases HMG1 mRNA levels in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Herein, we describe that treatment of human cancer cells having steroid hormone receptors with the appropriate hormone, estrogen and/or progesterone, significantly increases the potency of cisplatin and its analogue carboplatin by causing the overexpression of HMG1. These findings suggest that the proper combination of these drugs, which are already approved by the Food and Drug Administration, could have potential benefit in treating tumors such as ovarian or breast that carry the hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q He
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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