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Yu HS, Hong EH, Kang JH, Lee YW, Lee WJ, Kang MH, Cho H, Shin YU, Seong M. Expression of microRNAs related to apoptosis in the aqueous humor and lens capsule of patients with glaucoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1288854. [PMID: 38449883 PMCID: PMC10917207 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1288854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) related to apoptosis in the aqueous humor (AH) and lens capsule (LC) of patients with glaucoma. Methods AH and LC samples were collected from patients with open-angle glaucoma and control participants who were scheduled for cataract surgery. A miRNA PCR array comprising 84 miRNAs was used to analyze the AH (glaucoma, n = 3; control, n = 3) and LC samples (glaucoma, n = 3; control, n = 4). Additionally, the AH and LC samples (glaucoma, n = 3; control, n = 4) were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to validate the differentially expressed miRNAs determined using the PCR array. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the interactions between miRNAs and diseases. Additionally, the differential expression of these miRNAs and the target gene was validated through in vitro experiments using a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) model. Results Expression levels of 19 and 3 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in the AH and LC samples of the glaucoma group, respectively (p < 0.05). Of these, the expression levels of hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-222-3p showed significant differences in both AH and LC samples. Bioinformatics analysis showed experimentally validated 8 miRNA:gene pairs. Among them, PTEN was selected to analyze the expression level in AH and LC from separate cohort (glaucoma, n = 5; control, n = 4). The result showed downregulation of PTEN concurrent with upregulation of the two miRNAs in LC samples of glaucoma group. In vitro experiments validated that the expression levels of hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-222-3p were significantly upregulated, and that of PTEN was significantly downregulated in the H2O2-treated RGC, while the level of PTEN was recovered through co-treatment with miR-193a inhibitor or miR-222 inhibitor. Conclusion This is the first study to investigate the differential expression of apoptosis-related miRNAs in the AH and LC of patients with glaucoma. Hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-222-3p, which were upregulated in both AH and LC, may be considered potential biomarkers for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Seon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Graduate School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won June Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoon Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- NOON Eye Clinic, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Un Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Seong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- NOON Eye Clinic, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Rao A, Sahay P, Chakraborty M, Prusty BK, Srinivasan S, Jhingan GD, Mishra P, Modak R, Suar M. Switch to Autophagy the Key Mechanism for Trabecular Meshwork Death in Severe Glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:3027-3039. [PMID: 34285469 PMCID: PMC8286731 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s292218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The key differences in cell death mechanisms in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in adult moderate and severe primary glaucoma remain still unanswered. This study explored key differences in cell death mechanisms in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in adult moderate and severe primary glaucoma. Design In-vitro laboratory study on surgical specimens and primary cell lines. Methods Select cell death-related proteins differentially expressed on mass spectrometric analysis in ex-vivo dissected TM specimens patients with severe adult primary open-angle (POAG) or angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) compared to controls (cadaver donor cornea) were validated for temporal changes in cell death-related gene expression on in-vitro primary human TM cell culture after 48 hours (moderate) or 72 hours (severe) oxidative stress with H2O2 (400–1000 uM concentration). These were compared with histone modifications after oxidative stress in human TM (HTM) culture and peripheral blood of patients with moderate and severe glaucoma. Results Autophagy-related proteins seemed to be the predominant cell-death mechanism over apoptosis in ex-vivo dissected TM specimens in severe glaucoma. Analyzing HTM cell gene expression at 48 hours and 72 hours of oxidative stress, autophagy genes were up-regulated at 48–72 hours of exposure in contrast to apoptosis-related genes, showing down-regulation at 72 hours. There was associated increased expression of H3K14ac in HTM after 72 hours of oxidative stress and in peripheral blood of severe POAG and PACG. Conclusion A preference of autophagy over apoptosis may underlie stage transition from moderate to severe glaucoma in the trabecular meshwork or peripheral blood, which may be tightly regulated by epigenetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Rao
- Glaucoma Service, MTC campus, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prity Sahay
- Glaucoma Service, MTC campus, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Munmun Chakraborty
- Glaucoma Service, MTC campus, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | - Pragyan Mishra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Modak
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Maurya N, Agarwal NR, Ghosh I. Low-dose rotenone exposure induces early senescence leading to late apoptotic signaling cascade in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line: An in vitro glaucoma model. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:107-20. [PMID: 26524696 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the prolonged exposure of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line to a low dose (1 nM) of rotenone could simulate a glaucomatous-like condition and serve as a cellular model for its etiological analysis. Under 1-nM rotenone exposure for 24-72 h, HTM cells showed a decrease in cell viability as assessed by an MTT assay and showed mitochondrial dysfunction as assessed by measuring H2 DCFDA fluorescence; a decrease in ATP level was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in cellular size and granularity. Elevated AF showed initial senescence. LF staining with SBB and its spectrofluorometric quantification confirmed growth arrest. An accumulation of cytoplasmic myocilin, IL-6, and MMP-9 at 72 h of exposure supported glaucomatous induction. TEM revealed morphological changes in mitochondria and nuclei of treated cells. Signaling cascades were assessed by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analysis. This study showed a shift in status of the cells from initial senescence to induction of apoptosis in the HTM cell line due to continuous low-dose exposure to rotenone; however, at 72 h, both senescence and apoptotic features are apparent in these cells. This is the first report that reveals the potential of a prolonged low-dose exposure of rotenone to simulate senescence in the HTM cell line to cause a glaucomatous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Maurya
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nupur Rani Agarwal
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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4
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Sharma A, Patil AJ, Mansoor S, Estrago-Franco MF, Raymond V, Kenney MC, Kuppermann BD. Effects of dexamethasone on human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:1741-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Huang T, Lin J, Cao J, Zhang P, Bai Y, Chen G, Chen K. An exopolysaccharide from Trichoderma pseudokoningii and its apoptotic activity on human leukemia K562 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:701-8. [PMID: 24750776 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Trichoderma pseudokoningii and its anticancer activities on human leukemia K562 cells were studied. EPS could significantly inhibited K562 cells proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, characteristic of apoptosis, including apoptotic morphological features and the apoptosis rate were obtained. Sequentially, the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancement of the concentration of intracellular, up-regulation of Bax and p53 mRNA, down-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA were also detected. The results indicate that the EPS could induce of K562 cells apoptosis, primarily in involved the mitochondrial pathways. The present studies suggest that EPS could be a new potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic and chemo preventive agent against human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical college, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yungui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical college, Wuhu 241000, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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6
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Hu XZ, Hu DC. Effects of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure on hepatoma Hep G2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:851-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Helicobacter pylori IgG Antibodies in Aqueous Humor and Serum of Subjects With Primary Open Angle and Pseudo-exfoliation Glaucoma in a South Indian Population. J Glaucoma 2008; 17:605-10. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0b013e318166f00b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Johnson KTM, Rödicker F, Heise K, Heinz C, Steuhl KP, Pützer BM, Hudde T. Adenoviral p53 gene transfer inhibits human Tenon's capsule fibroblast proliferation. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:508-12. [PMID: 15774934 PMCID: PMC1772611 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2004.051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although antiproliferative drugs have been used successfully to prevent scarring after filtration surgery in patients with glaucoma, complications associated with their use (such as hypotony or endophthalmitis) energise the search for an alternative treatment. Single application of beta radiation leads to long term growth arrest and expression of p53 in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (hTf). The authors assume that the activation of p53 is one of the cellular triggers. Their aim was to analyse the effect of p53 overexpression on hTf and to determine which pathways are involved. METHODS A recombinant adenoviral vector (rAd.p53) containing transgenes encoding for human p53 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to induce overexpression of p53 in hTF and a control vector (rAd.GFP). Transgene expression was detected by western blot (p53 and p21WAF-1/Cip1). Cell proliferation and viability were investigated using cell counts, 5'-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (BrdU assay) and tetrazolium reduction (MTT assay). RESULTS Infection of hTf with rAd.p53 resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and metabolic activity in vitro. Western blot showed increased levels of p53 and p21WAF-1/Cip1 in rAd.p53 infected cells, but not in rAd.GFP and uninfected cells. Apoptosis was excluded with flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Adenoviral p53 gene transfer leads to significant growth inhibition in hTf. P53 induces p21(WAF-1/Cip1) expression and does not cause apoptosis in hTf in vitro. p53 as an antiproliferative drug has the potential to replace mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T M Johnson
- Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Abteilung für Erkrankungen des vorderen Augenabschnitts, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
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9
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Wentz-Hunter K, Shen X, Okazaki K, Tanihara H, Yue BYJT. Overexpression of myocilin in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Cell Res 2004; 297:39-48. [PMID: 15194423 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork, a specialized eye tissue, is a major site for regulation of the aqueous humor outflow. Malfunctioning of the trabecular meshwork is believed to be responsible for development of glaucoma, a blinding disease. Myocilin is a gene linked to the most common form of glaucoma. Its expression is known to be upregulated by glucocorticoids in trabecular meshwork cells and the altered myocilin level may be the culprit for glaucomatous conditions such as corticosteroid-induced glaucoma. In this study, we examined the influence of myocilin overexpression on the adhesion, spreading, migration, phagocytosis, and apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells in culture. When the myocilin expression was increased by 3- to 4-fold, the transfectants showed a dramatic loss of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. Cell adhesion to fibronectin and spreading were also compromised. Myocilin thus appeared to have a de-adhesive activity, similar to that reported extensively with matricellular proteins. The transfected cells in addition displayed an increased sensitivity to apoptosis. These results demonstrate that overexpression of myocilin renders trabecular meshwork cells in a de-adhesive and vulnerable state. This vulnerability may be the basis for pathologic consequences in subtypes of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Wentz-Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Veach J. Functional dichotomy: glutathione and vitamin E in homeostasis relevant to primary open-angle glaucoma. Br J Nutr 2004; 91:809-29. [PMID: 15182385 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex chronic neurological disease that can result in blindness. The goal of understanding the aetiology of POAG is to be able to target effective treatment to individuals who will eventually go blind without it. Epidemiological studies of POAG have not specifically addressed the possibility that nutrition may play a role in the development of POAG. A handful of papers have considered that nutrition may have an impact on POAG patients. POAG is not believed to be a 'vitamin-deficiency disease'. The concept of 'vitamin-deficiency diseases' and the recommended daily allowances have not kept pace with the growing understanding of the cellular and molecular functions of vitamins and other micronutrients. The aetiology of POAG remains a mystery. Discoveries in cell physiology can be assimilated from the literature and applied to known homeostatic mechanisms of the eye. In this way the possible roles of nutritional components involved in the aetiology of POAG can be described. The mechanisms may be subject to many influences in ways that have yet to be defined. Two distinct changes in the trabecular meshwork can be identified: trabecular meshwork changes that cause intra-ocular pressure to increase and trabecular meshwork changes that are directly correlated to optic nerve atrophy. Compelling evidence suggests that collagen trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is correlated to increased intraocular pressure in POAG. Elastin trabecular meshwork ECM remodelling is correlated to POAG optic nerve atrophy. There appear to be two different pathways of ECM remodelling and apoptosis induction in POAG. The pathway for collagen remodelling and apoptosis induction seems to be exogenously influenced by water-soluble antioxidants, for example, glutathione. The pathway for elastin remodelling and apoptosis induction seems to be influenced by endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidants, for example, vitamin E. Roles can be defined for antioxidants in the two different pathways of ECM remodelling and apoptosis induction. This suggests that antioxidants are important in maintaining cellular homeostasis relevant to the aetiology of POAG.
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Doğan AS, Orhan M, Söylemezoğlu F, Irkeç M, Bozkurt B. Effects of topical antiglaucoma drugs on apoptosis rates of conjunctival epithelial cells in glaucoma patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32:62-6. [PMID: 14746595 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2003.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of topical antiglaucoma drugs on apoptosis rates of conjunctival epithelial cells in vivo. METHODS Specimens were obtained from the bulbar conjunctiva of 30 patients who underwent either cataract or glaucoma surgery. Of these 30 patients, 14 had glaucoma and received topical antiglaucoma drugs. The 16 patients in the control group had neither systemic nor ocular disease except cataract and they did not receive any medications. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) method was used to show the apoptosis of the conjunctival epithelial cells. RESULTS Increased apoptosis rates were detected in specimens of patients who were on topical antiglaucoma therapy (mean +/- SD 0.208 +/- 0.154) when compared with the healthy subjects (mean +/- SD 0.083 +/- 0.102; P = 0.013). The apoptosis rates did not differ according to type, number or duration of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The apoptosis observed in the conjunctival epithelial cells might be due to the preservative benzalkonium chloride in the antiglaucoma medications because the apoptosis rates did not differ in patients using different types of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Sanal Doğan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Cao Y, Wei H, Pfaffl M, Da B, Li Z. Apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta2 in vitro. Curr Med Sci 2004; 24:87-9, 94. [PMID: 15165125 DOI: 10.1007/bf02830715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Whether transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) induces apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells was investigated in vitro. Cultured 3-5 passage human trabecular meshwork cells were treated with 0 (control), 0.32, 1, 3.2 ng/ml TGF-beta2 for 48 h and divided into control group and experimental group. The apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL technique and flow cytometry. The results showed characteristic morphologic changes of apoptotic cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation of human trabecular meshwork cells was found by TUNEL technique. Quantitative analysis of flow cytometry showed that percentages of apoptotic human trabecular meshwork cells were (2.79 +/- 0.44)%, (4.43 +/- 1.17)% and (9.60 +/- 2.05)% respectively with different concentrations [1 ng/ml (P<0.05), 3.2 ng/ml (P<0.01)] of TGF-beta2 with the difference being significant between experimental group and control group [(1.41 +/- 0.34)%]. It was concluded that TGF-beta2 can induce apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro and may be involved in the decrease of trabecular meshwork cells in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma and aging of normal people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022
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13
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Yu L, Wang Z. Difference in expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant human in ovarian cancer cell lines. Curr Med Sci 2004; 24:151-3. [PMID: 15315167 DOI: 10.1007/bf02885416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl gene in sensitive (A2780) and drug-resistance (AD6) human ovarian cancer cell lines and explore the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance, A2780 and AD6 were detected by using DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Our results showed that (1) "DNA ladder" was observed in A2780 and AD6 after cisplatin treatment; (2) after 3.0, 6.0, 9.9 microg/ml of cisplatin treatment, a significant difference was noted in the rate of apoptosis between in A2780 and AD6 (P<0.05); (3) Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes were overexpressed in AD6. After cisplatin treatment, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes was down-regulated in A2780 and AD6. It is concluded that cisplatin could induce the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and the over-expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes may contribute to apoptotic inhibition and the development of multidrug-resistance of human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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14
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Galloway PH, Warner SJ, Morshed MG, Mikelberg FS. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk for open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2003; 110:922-5. [PMID: 12750090 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the frequency of exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection in glaucoma patients. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-seven consecutive patients attending a glaucoma clinic. These included 38 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 19 with normal pressure glaucoma (NPG), 16 with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXE), and 24 with ocular hypertension (OHT). Ninety-four age-matched participants without glaucoma served as a control population. METHODS Serum was analyzed for the presence of H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serologic analysis for H. pylori. RESULTS Seropositivity for H. pylori was higher in patients with glaucoma (26.0%) than in controls (20.2%), but this did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.46). A total of 26.3% of POAG patients, 26.3% of NPG patients, 25.0% of PXE patients, and 25.0% of OHT patients were seropositive. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that exposure to H. pylori infection is not associated with open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Galloway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Kinjo T, Kamiyama K, Chinen K, Iwamasa T, Kurihara K, Hamada T. Squamous metaplasia induced by transfection of human papillomavirus DNA into cultured adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Pathol 2003; 56:97-108. [PMID: 12665627 PMCID: PMC1187300 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM It has been reported previously in cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung in Okinawa, a subtropical island 2000 km south of mainland Japan, that the squamous cell carcinoma components were positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH). The adenocarcinoma cells adjacent to the squamous cell carcinoma components were enlarged and also positive for HPV. This is thought to indicate that after adenocarcinoma cells are infected with HPV, they undergo morphological changes, and that "squamous metaplasia" follows. In this present study, the effects of HPV transfection into adenocarcinoma cells were examined. The relation between the region expressing the HPV gene and squamous metaplasia was also studied. METHODS Plasmid pBR322 containing HPV type 16 (HPV-16) was transfected into cultured colonic adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and lung adenocarcinoma (PC-14) cells using the calcium phosphate method. Neomycin was used as a selection marker. The presence of HPV E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1, and L2 mRNAs and also transglutaminase 1, involucrin, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, caspases, apoptosis inducing factor, DNase gamma, Fas, and Fas ligand mRNAs in HPV transfected cells was investigated by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The G0-G1 cell population was analysed by flow cytometry. Morphological examination under light and electron microscopes was also carried out. RESULTS The virus transfected cells showed squamous metaplasia when they were injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice, expressing the high molecular weight keratin (Moll's number 1 keratin) and involucrin molecules immunohistochemically, and involucrin and transglutaminase I mRNAs by RT-PCR. The squamous metaplasia was most conspicuous in the HPV transfected DLD-1 cell when compared with HPV transfected PC-14 cells. Squamous metaplasia was most clearly demonstrated in one HPV transfected DLD-1 cell clone, which expressed not only E2 but also E6-E7 fusion gene mRNA. Viral L1 mRNA expression was absent in HPV transfected cell clones, and was not related to squamous metaplasia. The growth rate of HPV transfected cells was reduced. Transfection of the virus into the cultured adenocarcinoma cells increased the G0-G1 cell population greatly, as assessed by flow cytometer analysis. Furthermore, in the virus transfected cells, apoptosis was also observed by means of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labelling method. CONCLUSION HPV transfection into adenocarcinoma cells induced clear squamous metaplasia. One of the HPV transfected cell clones that expressed E2 and E6-E7 fusion gene mRNA showed the squamous metaplasia particularly clearly, and apoptosis was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kinjo
- Department of Pathology, Ryukyu University School of Medicine, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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Kamiyama K, Moromizato H, Toma T, Kinjo T, Iwamasa T. Two cases of supernumerary ovary: one with large fibroma with Meig's syndrome and the other with endometriosis and cystic change. Pathol Res Pract 2002; 197:847-51. [PMID: 11795834 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reports of supernumerary ovaries are rare. We describe two such cases, one with fibroma and the other with endometriosis and cystic change. A large fibroma measuring 17.4 x 12.0 x 7.5 cm in size was found in the supernumerary ovary of the omentum in the first case of a 47-year-old married woman with Meig's syndrome. The second case was associated with endometriosis and cystic change, measuring 11 x 5 x 3 cm in size and located in the upper abdominal cavity. It was attached to the uterus of a 28-year-old pregnant woman who had neither fibroma nor Meig's syndrome. Histologically, corpus albicans and a few primordial germ cells were demonstrated, respectively. A fibroma showing a storiform pattern was found in the first case. The second case had endometriosis and a thin-walled cyst with bleeding and necrosis caused by torsion. Immunohistochemically, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, c-kit, CA125, Na+/K+ATPase, overexpression of p53, myc and ras were all negative in the fibroma cells of the first case, and in the endometriosis and cyst wall of the second case. The fibroma cells were positive for vimentin and estrogen receptor, and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen was sporadically demonstrated in their nuclei. The mutation of the p53 gene at exons 5-8 was not detected by sequence analysis. Using RT-PCR, bax, bcl-2 and p16 were not detected either. Clinically, the two cases presented here did not show abnormal hormonal symptoms. They were diagnosed as abdominal tumors or masses. Based on these considerations, one might assume that supernumerary ovaries are probably more frequent than reported at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamiyama
- Department of Pathology, Ryukyu University School of Medicine, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gilmore X, Xu K, Chen M, Tebebi P, Mbawuike IN. Apoptosis and reduced influenza A virus specific CD8+ T cells in aging mice. Cell Death Differ 2002; 9:651-60. [PMID: 12032674 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2001] [Revised: 11/20/2001] [Accepted: 12/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have reported increased apoptosis in CD8(+) T cells from aged mice. We previously demonstrated diminished virus-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in aged mice in comparison to young mice. The present study investigated the role of apoptosis in age-related influenza virus-specific CD8(+) CTL deficiency. Splenocytes from influenza-primed aged and young mice were stimulated in vitro with virus. The CD8(+) T cell/total lymphocyte ratios correlated with CTL activity and were significantly decreased and increased in aged and young mice, respectively. Fas, FasL, TNF-alpha and TNFR-p55 expression, measured by flow cytometry, ELISA and/or RT-PCR, were significantly elevated in aged mice. Apoptotic CD8(+) T cells (Annexin V binding) were also elevated in aged mice. IL-12 treatment increased CD8(+) CTL activity and IFN-gamma production but did not affect apoptosis. Thus, apoptosis may contribute to reduced influenza virus-specific CD8(+) T cell frequency, CTL deficiency and increased influenza disease in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Influenza Research Center, Respiratory Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
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Wentz-Hunter K, Ueda J, Shimizu N, Yue BYJT. Myocilin is associated with mitochondria in human trabecular meshwork cells. J Cell Physiol 2002; 190:46-53. [PMID: 11807810 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) is a specialized tissue located at the chamber angle of the eye next to the cornea. This tissue is believed to be responsible for regulation of the aqueous humor outflow and control of the intraocular pressure (IOP). Alterations in functions of the TM may lead to IOP elevation and development of glaucoma, a major cause of blindness. The myocilin gene has recently been directly linked to open-angle glaucomas. The gene product was originally identified as a protein inducible in TM cells by treatment with glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX) and termed TIGR (TM inducible-glucocorticoid response). The exact nature and function of the myocilin protein so far still remain elusive. In this study, myocilin was localized to the perinuclear region of both DEX-treated and control TM cells. Its distribution overlapped considerably with that of mitochondria. Subcellular fractionation and Western blot analyses suggested a rather extensive association of myocilin with mitochondria. The DEX-treated TM cells were found to undergo apoptosis, when exposed to anti-Fas antibody, to a significantly higher degree than the untreated control cells. It appears that the TM cell integrity remains intact after DEX treatment. However, the induced myocilin or myocilin-mitochondria association seems to render the cells more susceptible to a second stress or challenge. This vulnerability may be the basis that ultimately leads to pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Wentz-Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Smith RS, Zabaleta A, Savinova OV, John SWM. The mouse anterior chamber angle and trabecular meshwork develop without cell death. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2001; 1:3. [PMID: 11228591 PMCID: PMC31337 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2000] [Accepted: 02/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iridocorneal angle forms in the mammalian eye from undifferentiated mesenchyme between the root of the iris and cornea. A major component is the trabecular meshwork, consisting of extracellular matrix organized into a network of beams, covered in trabecular endothelial cells. Between the beams, channels lead to Schlemm's canal for the drainage of aqueous humor from the eye into the blood stream. Abnormal development of the iridocorneal angle that interferes with ocular fluid drainage can lead to glaucoma in humans. Little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying angle development. There are two main hypotheses. The first proposes that morphogenesis involves mainly cell differentiation, matrix deposition and assembly of the originally continuous mesenchymal mass into beams, channels and Schlemm's canal. The second, based primarily on rat studies, proposes that cell death and macrophages play an important role in forming channels and beams. Mice provide a potentially useful model to understand the origin and development of angle structures and how defective development leads to glaucoma. Few studies have assessed the normal structure and development of the mouse angle. We used light and electron microscopy and a cell death assay to define the sequence of events underlying formation of the angle structures in mice. RESULTS The mouse angle structures and developmental sequence are similar to those in humans. Cell death was not detectable during the period of trabecular channel and beam formation. CONCLUSIONS These results support morphogenic mechanisms involving organization of cellular and extracellular matrix components without cell death or atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Smith
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street Bar Harbor, Maine
| | | | | | - Simon WM John
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street Bar Harbor, Maine
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Grierson I, Heathcote L, Hiscott P, Hogg P, Briggs M, Hagan S. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2000; 19:779-802. [PMID: 11029554 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor, also known as scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a multipotential cytokine which can produce a range of responses in target cells and its influence in the eye in health and disease is just beginning to be appreciated. Usually HGF/SF is synthesised by mesenchymally derived cells and targets and signals epithelial cells in a paracrine manner via their c-Met surface receptor. However, there is growing evidence for the existence of autocrine loops in a number of cell systems prominent among which are ocular cells such as the corneal endothelium, the lens epithelium, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and others. Marked cellular proliferation is stimulated when activated HGF/SF is exposed to hepatocytes, renal epithelium, melanocytes and vascular endothelial cells but it is often a poor mitogen for other cell types. In target cells the cytokine promotes other bioactions such as junctional breakdown, shape change, cell scattering, directional and nondirectional migration, cell survival, invasive behaviour and/or tubule formation. These activities seem to depend on HGF/SF linking with the c-Met receptor and pathways to stimulate the various types of cytokine/receptor response are being unravelled at the present time. In corneal wound healing, HGF/SF is produced by stromal keratocytes and targets the repairing epithelium. HGF/SF is a constituent of tears, aqueous humour and vitreous humour at levels above that found in plasma although it is not clear how much is activated. Aqueous HGF/SF may well influence lens epithelial, corneal endothelial and trabecular meshwork cell survival. Vitreous levels of HGF/SF are elevated in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), where a target cell is the RPE and in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) where HGF/SF has been shown to be a major angiogenesis factor. Finally HGF/SF may be involved in the metastatic spread of tumour cells from uveal melanomata and in the formation of vascular channels in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Grierson
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, L69 3GA, Liverpool, UK
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