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Chang R, Yi S, Tan X, Huang Y, Wang Q, Su G, Zhou C, Cao Q, Yuan G, Kijlstra A, Yang P. MicroRNA-20a-5p suppresses IL-17 production by targeting OSM and CCL1 in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 102:282-290. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AimTo elucidate the role of microRNA-20a-5p (miR-20a-5p) in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify miR-20a-5p expression in CD4+ T cells from patients with active VKH and normal controls. The promoter methylation status of miR-20a-5p was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR. Targets were evaluated by a luciferase reporter assay. The functional effects of miR-20a-5p on CD4+ T cells from patients with active VKH were assessed by upregulation or downregulation of its expression using liposomes.ResultsThe miR-20a-5p level was significantly decreased in CD4+ T cells from patients with active VKH as compared with normal controls. The two genes, oncostatin M (OSM) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), were identified as targets of miR-20a-5p. The upregulation of miR-20a-5p significantly suppressed interleukin 17 (IL-17) production in CD4+ T cells from patients with active VKH, whereas downregulation of miR-20a-5p exhibited an inverse effect. In addition, overexpression of OSM and CCL1 could rescue the effect of the upregulation of miR-20a-5p. Moreover, the level of miR-20a-5p was reduced in response to hypermethylation of the promoter. Further study showed that miR-20a-5p suppressed the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT pathway.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that downregulation of miR-20a-5p is caused by promoter hypermethylation. MiR-20a-5p could also suppress the production of IL-17 by targeting OSM and CCL1 production in CD4+ T cells in patients with active VKH.
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Mendez-Enriquez E, García-Zepeda EA. The multiple faces of CCL13 in immunity and inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:397-406. [PMID: 23846739 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CCL13/MCP-4, is a CC family chemokine that is chemoattractant for eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, immature dendritic cells, and T cells, and its capable of inducing crucial immuno-modulatory responses through its effects on epithelial, muscular and endothelial cells. Similar to other CC chemokines, CCL13 binds to several chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3), allowing it to elicit different effects on its target cells. A number of studies have shown that CCL13 is involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, in which it functions as a pivotal molecule involved in the selective recruitment of cell lineages to the inflamed tissues and their subsequent activation. Based on these studies, we suggest that blocking the actions of CCL13 can serve as a novel strategy for the generation of agents with anti-inflammatory activity. The main goal of this review is to present the current information about CCL13, its gene and protein structure and the roles of this chemokine during innate/adaptive immune responses in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mendez-Enriquez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México
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Reisinger J, Rumpler S, Lion T, Ambros PF. Visualization of episomal and integrated Epstein-Barr virus DNA by fiber fluorescencein situ hybridization. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:1603-8. [PMID: 16217752 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For many Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies, it is still a matter of controversy whether infected cells harbor episomal or chromosomally integrated EBV genomes or both. It is well established that the expression of EBV genes per se carries oncogenic potential, but the discrimination between episomal and integrated forms is of great relevance because integration events can contribute to the oncogenic properties of EBV, whereas host cells that exclusively harbor viral episomes may not carry the risks mediated by chromosomal integration. This notion prompted us to establish a reliable technique that not only allows to unequivocally discriminate episomal from integrated EBV DNA, but also provides detailed insights into the genomic organization of the virus. Here, we show that dynamic molecular combing of host cell DNA combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using EBV-specific DNA probes facilitate unambiguous discrimination of episomal from integrated viral DNA. Furthermore, the detection of highly elongated internal repeat 1 (IR1) sequences provides evidence that this method permits detection of major genomic alterations within the EBV genome. Thus, fiber FISH may also provide valuable insights into the genomic organization of viral genomes other than EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Reisinger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderspital, Kinderspitalgasse 6, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Savan R, Sakai M. Genomics of fish cytokines. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2006; 1:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Vogel B, Klinder A, Sittig D, Aust G. Bovine eotaxin (CCL11)--an unusual member of the eotaxin group--attracts eosinophils in vitro but is not responsible for eosinophilia in the ovary. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 107:67-77. [PMID: 15916812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions normally characterised by low tissue infiltration of eosinophils, a conspicuous number of these cells are attracted into the human and ruminant ovary. Eosinophils suddenly increase in the thecal layer of the preovulatory follicle and corpus luteum at very early development. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of the mechanism for the recruitment of the ovarian eosinophils. Eotaxin (CCL11) may be one of the chemoattractants involved in stimulating eosinophils to migrate selectively into ovary. As a prerequisite for the analysis of eotaxin expression in the bovine ovary, we determined the complete bovine eotaxin mRNA sequence since it was not available from databases. The bovine eotaxin is the first member of the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)/eotaxin subfamily with two mRNA isoforms varying in length in the untranslated 3'-untranslated region. The unusual amino-acid sequence of bovine eotaxin contains structural features that are so far known to be characteristic for MCP, but not eotaxin. In our microchemotaxis assays, recombinant bovine eotaxin showed a functional pattern orthologous to known eotaxins. Thus, the chimeric structure of bovine eotaxin did not affect the favoured chemotactic activity on eosinophils. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of eotaxin in different regions of the bovine ovary. We only detected faint eotaxin mRNA signals that did not indicate physiological significance even in stimulated granulosa cell cultures, follicle-derived macrophages or fibroblasts. Taken together, bovine eotaxin attracts eosinophils in vitro but is not responsible for eosinophilia in the ovary. Its unusual chimeric structure confirms the unity of the MCP/eotaxin subfamily of CC chemokines and distinguishes it from other CC chemokine subfamilies.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Cattle Diseases/etiology
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/genetics
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/immunology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Eosinophilia/immunology
- Eosinophilia/veterinary
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Female
- In Vitro Techniques
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovarian Diseases/etiology
- Ovarian Diseases/immunology
- Ovarian Diseases/veterinary
- Ovary/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vogel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Nürnberger Street 57, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
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6
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Kaslow RA, Dorak T, Tang JJ. Influence of host genetic variation on susceptibility to HIV type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 2005; 191 Suppl 1:S68-77. [PMID: 15630678 DOI: 10.1086/425269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For this review of genetic susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, far more information was available on factors involved in acquisition of the virus by an uninfected "recipient" than on propagation by the infected "donor." Genetic variation presumably alters transmission from an infected host primarily by regulating the replication of virus and the concentration of particles circulating in blood and mucosal secretions of the potential donor. Thus, the effects of host genetic variation on transmission are inextricably bound to the well-established and powerful effects on virus load at different stages of infection. Teasing apart the effects in both donors and recipients has been and will continue to be quite difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Kaslow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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7
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Pease JE, Weller CL, Williams TJ. Regulation of eosinophil trafficking in asthma and allergy. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2004:85-100. [PMID: 14699796 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05403-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Pease
- Leucocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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8
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Hattinger CM, Rumpler S, Kovar H, Ambros PF. Fine-mapping of cytogenetically undetectable EWS/ERG fusions on DNA fibers of Ewing tumors. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 2001; 93:29-35. [PMID: 11474174 DOI: 10.1159/000056943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the EWS/FLI1 fusion which is represented by a t(11;22)(q24;q12), EWS/ERG fusions are frequently cytogenetically not detectable. Three Ewing tumors (ET), two with apparently normal chromosomes 21 and 22, and one ET with a t(2;22)(p25;q12), were studied by FISH on interphase nuclei, metaphase chromosomes and on DNA fibers. EWS/ERG transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in all cases. FISH, using cosmids located proximally (F10, G9) and distally (F7) to the EWS breakpoint region, revealed no detectable separation of these probes in two cases. In contrast, co-hybridization of probe PT1526 containing the ERG breakpoint region with G9 revealed the juxtaposition of two signals per interphase nucleus in all three cases indicating the EWS/ERG fusions. Chromosome preparations displayed the juxtaposed signals on the der(22), and hybridization signals of the probes PT1526 and G9 on the non-rearranged chromosomes 21 and 22 in all cases, respectively. The PT1526 signal on the der(21) was seen only in cases 1 and 2. These results were confirmed by triple-target FISH on tumor DNA fibers. In all three cases, the hybridization pattern F10 - G9 - PT1526 indicates a centromere to telomere orientation. This finding suggests that EWS/ERG fusions in ETs may be generated by an inversion of the ERG gene or a part thereof followed by an insertion into the EWS gene on the der(22). Double-target FISH on interphase nuclei using probes flanking the EWS breakpoint region and probe PT1526 enables the detection of virtually all 22q12 rearrangements in ETs, thus providing a reliable diagnostic assay.
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MESH Headings
- Cation Transport Proteins
- Chromosome Breakage/genetics
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- ERG1 Potassium Channel
- Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Metaphase
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Potassium Channels/genetics
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Recombination, Genetic/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Trans-Activators
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hattinger
- CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria.
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Greaves DR, Häkkinen T, Lucas AD, Liddiard K, Jones E, Quinn CM, Senaratne J, Green FR, Tyson K, Boyle J, Shanahan C, Weissberg PL, Gordon S, Ylä-Hertualla S. Linked chromosome 16q13 chemokines, macrophage-derived chemokine, fractalkine, and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, are expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:923-9. [PMID: 11397698 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.6.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are important mediators of macrophage and T-cell recruitment in a number of inflammatory pathologies, and chemokines expressed in atherosclerotic lesions may play an important role in mononuclear cell recruitment and macrophage differentiation. We have analyzed the expression of the linked chromosome 16q13 genes that encode macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), and the CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine (CX(3)CL1) in primary macrophages and human atherosclerotic lesions by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We show that macrophage expression of the chemokines MDC, fractalkine, and TARC is upregulated by treatment with the Th2-type cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. High levels of MDC, TARC, and fractalkine mRNA expression are seen in some, but not all, human arteries with advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Immunohistochemistry shows that MDC, fractalkine, and TARC are expressed by a subset of macrophages within regions of plaques that contain plaque microvessels. We conclude that MDC, fractalkine, and TARC, which are chromosome 16q13 chemokines, could play a role in mononuclear cell recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions and influence the subsequent inflammatory response. Macrophage-expressed chemokines upregulated by interleukin-4 may be useful surrogate markers for the presence of Th2-type immune responses in human atherosclerotic lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Chemokine CCL17
- Chemokine CCL22
- Chemokine CX3CL1
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemokines, CX3C/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CX3C/genetics
- Chemokines, CX3C/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Humans
- Interleukins/pharmacology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Blanpain C, Buser R, Power CA, Edgerton M, Buchanan C, Mack M, Simmons G, Clapham PR, Parmentier M, Proudfoot AEI. A chimeric MIP‐1α/RANTES protein demonstrates the use of different regions of the RANTES protein to bind and activate its receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.69.6.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Blanpain
- IRIBHN Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Raphaële Buser
- Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Geneva, Switzerland;
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Mack
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Univerity of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Graham Simmons
- The Wohl Virion Centre, Department of Molecular Pathology, The Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Paul R. Clapham
- The Wohl Virion Centre, Department of Molecular Pathology, The Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Marc Parmentier
- IRIBHN Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
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11
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Detheux M, Ständker L, Vakili J, Münch J, Forssmann U, Adermann K, Pöhlmann S, Vassart G, Kirchhoff F, Parmentier M, Forssmann WG. Natural proteolytic processing of hemofiltrate CC chemokine 1 generates a potent CC chemokine receptor (CCR)1 and CCR5 agonist with anti-HIV properties. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1501-8. [PMID: 11085751 PMCID: PMC2193185 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.10.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemofiltrate CC chemokine (HCC)-1 is a recently described human chemokine that is constitutively expressed in numerous tissues and is present at high concentrations in normal plasma. Using a cell line expressing CC chemokine receptor (CCR)5 as a bioassay, we isolated from human hemofiltrate an HCC-1 variant lacking the first eight amino acids. HCC-1[9-74] was a potent agonist of CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 and promoted calcium flux and chemotaxis of T lymphoblasts, monocytes, and eosinophils. It also blocked entry of HIV-1 strains using CCR5 as coreceptor. Limited tryptic digestion of HCC-1 generated the active variant. Conditioned media from several tumor cell lines activated HCC-1 with a high efficiency, and this activity could be inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. Our results indicate that HCC-1 represents a nonfunctional precursor that can be rapidly converted to the active chemokine by proteolytic processing. This process represents an additional mechanism by which tumor cells might generate chemoattractant molecules and recruit inflammatory cells. It might also affect HIV-1 replication in infected individuals and play an important role in AIDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Detheux
- Euroscreen S.A., B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Cohen-Tannoudji M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Le Bras S, Coumailleau F, Babinet C, Baldacci P. A 2-Mb YAC/BAC-based physical map of the ovum mutant (Om) locus region on mouse chromosome 11. Genomics 2000; 68:273-82. [PMID: 10995569 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic lethal phenotype observed when DDK females are crossed with males from other strains results from a deleterious interaction between the egg cytoplasm and the paternal pronucleus soon after fertilization. We have previously mapped the Om locus responsible for this phenotype, called the DDK syndrome, to an approximately 2-cM region of chromosome 11. Here, we report the generation of a physical map of 28 yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome clones encompassing the entire genetic interval containing the Om locus. This contig, spanning approximately 2 Mb, was used to map precisely genes and genetic markers of the region. We determined the maximum physical interval for Om to be 1400 kb. In addition, 11 members of the Scya gene family were found to be organized into two clusters at the borders of the Om region. Two other genes (Rad51l3 and Schlafen 2) and one EST (D11Wsu78e) were also mapped in the Om region. This integrated map provides support for the identification of additional candidate genes for the DDK syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohen-Tannoudji
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris Cedex 15, 75724, France.
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