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Wu M, Dong H, Xu C, Sun M, Gao H, Bu F, Chen J. The Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent functions of BCL9 in development, tumorigenesis, and immunity: Implications in therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:701-710. [PMID: 37692512 PMCID: PMC10491870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is considered a key developmental regulator and a well-established oncogenic driver in multiple cancer types, mainly through potentiating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, increasing evidences indicate that BCL9 also plays multiple Wnt-independent roles. Herein, we summarized the updates of the canonical and non-canonical functions of BCL9 in cellular, physiological, or pathological processes. Moreover, we also concluded that the targeted inhibitors disrupt the interaction of β-catenin with BCL9 reported recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Heng Dong
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Haojin Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fangtian Bu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Qi C, Hu Y, Zeng M, Chen H, Shi J, Jue H, Zhao Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wu H. Verteporfin inhibits the dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells via TGF-β1/Smad pathway but induces podocyte loss in diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2022; 311:121186. [PMID: 36375573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells has been identified as an important trigger of renal fibrosis. The Hippo pathway is a crucial regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we determined the role of Hippo proteins in tubular dedifferentiation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). MAIN METHODS In this study, we measured dedifferentiation markers and Hippo proteins in db/db mice and high glucose treated tubular epithelial cells. Then, verteporfin and knockdown of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS) 1 and 2 were performed to uncover therapeutic targets for DN. KEY FINDINGS Here, we found dedifferentiation and upregulated Hippo proteins in tubular epithelial cells in DN model both in vivo and in vitro. Both verteporfin and LATS knockdown could inhibit the tubular mesenchymal transition, but verteporfin showed broad inhibitory effect on Hippo proteins, especially nuclear YAP, and exacerbated podocyte loss of DN. LATS2 knockdown did not reverse the tubular E-Cadherin loss while it also induced podocyte apoptosis. Overall, intervention of LATS1 inhibited tubular dedifferentiation efficiently without affecting YAP and bringing podocyte apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the TGF-β1/Smad, instead of the YAP-TEAD-CTGF signaling, might be the underlying pathway through which verteporfin and LATS1 engaged in the tubular dedifferentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, verteporfin is not a suitable treatment for DN owing to evitable podocyte loss and apoptosis. Targeting LATS1 is a better choice worthy of further investigation for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongru Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Jue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Expression of Key Factors of the Hippo Signaling Pathway in Yak (Bos grunniens) Mammary Gland. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162103. [PMID: 36009693 PMCID: PMC9404922 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hippo signaling pathway plays a significant role in regulating the organ development processes of mammals. Our research aimed to investigate the expression and distribution of key members of the Hippo signaling pathway in yak mammary glands during different stages. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of MST1, LATS1, YAP1 and TEAD1 in the yak’s mammary gland varies with the growth, lactation, and dry periods. The differential expression in the yak’s mammary gland at different stages strongly suggests that the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the mammary gland development processes under different physiological conditions. Abstract Due to its rich nutritional value, yak milk is an important food source in the alpine pastoral areas. However, yaks have a low milk yield. The Hippo pathway participates in cell proliferation and organ development. We aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of this pathway in yak mammary cells. A greater understanding of how the expression of its essential genes influence the reproductive cycle could lead to improvements in lactation performance. The expression levels of the key genes MST1, LATS1, YAP1, and TEAD1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry during the growth, lactation, and dry periods (GP, LP and DP, respectively). The MST1 and LATS1 mRNA and protein expression level was highest during GP and lowest during LP. The YAP1 and TEAD1 mRNA and protein expression level decreased from GP to LP and DP. MST1 and LATS1 were expressed in the cytoplasm whereas YAP1 and TEAD1 were expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. The differential expression of MST1, LATS1, YAP1, and TEAD1 expression in the yak mammary gland during different developmental stages strongly suggests that they play an important role in the regulation of developmental functions under different physiological conditions.
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N6-Methyladenosine Reader YTHDF2 Enhances Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through Mediating circ_SFMBT2 Degradation. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:1087622. [PMID: 35924072 PMCID: PMC9308553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1087622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. circ_SFMBT2 was reported to facilitate malignant progression in various cancers, but its function in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully uncovered. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of circ_SFMBT2 (circ_0017628) on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Paired tumor and noncancerous tissues from NSCLC patients were surgically collected from January 2020 to March 2021 in our hospital. The levels of circ_SFMBT2 and LATS2 in NSCLC and human bronchial epithelial cells were assayed with qRT-PCR. Overexpression or silencing of circ_SFMBT2, LATS2, or YTHDF2 was performed in the NSCLC cells. CCK-8, colony-forming, and transwell assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation, viability, and migration, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of MMP-9, E-cadherin, vimentin, and the Hippo/YAP pathway components was examined by western blotting. The m6A enrichment in circ_SFMBT2 was verified using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation, and interaction between circ_SFMBT2 and YTHDF2 was assessed by RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. Results. Both circ_SFMBT2 and LATS2 were lowly expressed in NSCLC cells and tissues. A positive correlation of circ_SFMBT2 with LATS2 was identified, and circ_SFMBT2 was localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. circ_SFMBT2 overexpression negatively regulated cell proliferation, viability, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition while promoting the Hippo/YAP pathway activation. Notably, knockdown of LATS2 effectively abrogated the inhibitory effects of circ_SFMBT2 overexpression on NSCLC cell malignancies. Besides, m6A was specifically enriched in circ_SFMBT2, and circ_SFMBT2 could bind to YTHDF2. Silencing of YTHDF2 led to an increase in circ_SFMBT2 expression while inhibiting the malignancy of cancer cells. Conclusion. Our results showed that YTHDF2 could facilitate NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis via the Hippo/YAP pathway activation by mediating circ_SFMBT2 degradation.
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Kim CL, Lim SB, Kim K, Jeong HS, Mo JS. Phosphorylation analysis of the Hippo-YAP pathway using Phos-tag. J Proteomics 2022; 261:104582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xiao Y, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Cancer: A Cell Cycle Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246214. [PMID: 34944834 PMCID: PMC8699626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is increasingly viewed as a cell cycle disease in that the dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a common feature in cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway consists of a core kinase cascade as well as extended regulators, which together control organ size and tissue homeostasis. The aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators and/or Hippo pathway components contributes to cancer development, and for this reason, we specifically focus on delineating the roles of the Hippo pathway in the cell cycle. Improving our understanding of the Hippo pathway from a cell cycle perspective could be used as a powerful weapon in the cancer battlefield. Abstract Cell cycle progression is an elaborate process that requires stringent control for normal cellular function. Defects in cell cycle control, however, contribute to genomic instability and have become a characteristic phenomenon in cancers. Over the years, advancement in the understanding of disrupted cell cycle regulation in tumors has led to the development of powerful anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of cell cycle dysregulation in cancers could provide therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator network that controls organ size, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancers. Although the role of the Hippo pathway in oncogenesis has been widely investigated, its role in cell cycle regulation has not been comprehensively scrutinized. Here, we specifically focus on delineating the involvement of the Hippo pathway in cell cycle regulation. To that end, we first compare the structural as well as functional conservation of the core Hippo pathway in yeasts, flies, and mammals. Then, we detail the multi-faceted aspects in which the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and their regulators affect the cell cycle, particularly with regard to the regulation of E2F activity, the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint, DNA synthesis, DNA damage checkpoint, centrosome dynamics, and mitosis. Finally, we briefly discuss how a collective understanding of cell cycle regulation and the Hippo pathway could be weaponized in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-5596; Fax: +402-559-4651
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Masliantsev K, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. Hippo Signaling Pathway in Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:184. [PMID: 33477668 PMCID: PMC7831924 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in tissue development and regeneration that controls organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The core Hippo pathway is composed of a block of kinases, MST1/2 (Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/2) and LATS1/2 (Large tumor suppressor 1/2), which inhibits nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ (Yes-Associated Protein 1/Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) and its downstream association with the TEAD (TEA domain) family of transcription factors. This pathway was recently shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis in several cancers such as lung, breast, or colorectal cancers but is still poorly investigated in brain tumors. Gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors representing about 80% of malignant central nervous system neoplasms. Despite intensive clinical protocol, the prognosis for patients remains very poor due to systematic relapse and treatment failure. Growing evidence demonstrating the role of Hippo signaling in cancer biology and the lack of efficient treatments for malignant gliomas support the idea that this pathway could represent a potential target paving the way for alternative therapeutics. Based on recent advances in the Hippo pathway deciphering, the main goal of this review is to highlight the role of this pathway in gliomas by a state-of-the-art synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Masliantsev
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
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Tang F, Zhao L, Yu Q, Liu T, Gong H, Liu Z, Li Q. Upregulation of miR-215 attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in developing neurons by targeting LATS2. Mol Med 2020; 26:38. [PMID: 32375631 PMCID: PMC7202001 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent that commonly induces significant neuroapoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in the regulation of propofol exposure-mediated neurotoxicity. MiR-215, as one of miRNAs, was found to regulate nerve cell survival. However, the mechanism through which miRNAs regulate propofol exposure-mediated neurotoxicity is still unclear. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect miR-215 expression level. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was examined via flow cytometry analysis. ROS, MDA, LDH and SOD levels were assayed through ELISA kits. Dual luciferase reporter assay identified the interaction between miR-215 and large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2). Protein level was detected using western blot analysis. Results MiR-215 expression was downregulated in propofol-treated rat hippocampal neurons. MiR-215 mimics promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis in propofol-treated neonatal rat hippocampal neuron. MiR-215 mimics also caused inhibition of oxidative stress as evidenced by suppression of ROS, MDA and LDH levels as well as increase of SOD level. In addition, we found that large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is a target of miR-215 and miR-215 mimics decreased LATS2 level in propofol-treated neonatal rat hippocampal neuron. Further, LATS2 overexpression suppressed the effect of miR-215 on propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in neonatal rat hippocampal neuron. Conclusion Taken together, we demonstrate that miR-215 attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in neonatal rat hippocampal neuron by targeting LATS2, suggesting that miR-215 may provide a new candidate for the treatment of propofol exposure-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tianyin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Luo SY, Kwok HH, Yang PC, Ip MSM, Minna JD, Lam DCL. Expression of large tumour suppressor (LATS) kinases modulates chemotherapy response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:294-305. [PMID: 32420069 PMCID: PMC7225163 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2020.03.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background The Hippo signalling pathway plays an important role in regulating organ size and cell proliferation. Down-regulation of large tumour suppressor (LATS) protein homologs LATS1 or LATS2 has been found in lung cancer. LATS1 and LATS2 are the core components of the Hippo signalling pathway. LATS1 and LATS2 share some conserved structural features and exhibit redundant biological functions. The aim of this study was to dissect the interaction between these two homologs. Methods In lung adenocarcinoma (AD) cells, protein expression of LATS1 and LATS2 were determined by western blotting; cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT and annexin V staining after treatment with cisplatin; subcellular distributions of LATS proteins were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy; LATS2 expression was modulated by shRNA-mediated knockdown or ectopic expression in cancer cell lines. Results Manipulation of the expression of these two LATS kinases influenced cisplatin response in advanced lung AD cell lines. High LATS2-to-LATS1 ratio in H2023 cells was associated with cisplatin resistance, while low LATS2-to-LATS1 ratio in CL1-0 and CL83 cells was associated with sensitivity to cisplatin. Manipulating the LATS2-to-LATS1 ratio by LATS2 over-expression in CL1-0 and CL83 rendered them resistant to cisplatin treatment, whereas LATS2 knockdown in H2023 alleviated the LATS2-to-LATS1 ratio and sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin exposure. Conclusions Our data suggested that the ratio of expression of LATS kinases played a role in the modulation of cisplatin sensitivity in advanced lung AD, and targeting of LATS proteins as a novel therapeutic strategy for lung AD deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yang Luo
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Mary Sau-Man Ip
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Dorrance Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Gao Y, Zhang X, Xiao L, Zhai C, Yi T, Wang G, Wang E, Ji X, Hu L, Shen G, Wu S. Usp10 Modulates the Hippo Pathway by Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing the Transcriptional Coactivator Yorkie. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236013. [PMID: 31795326 PMCID: PMC6928647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator that plays important roles in organ size control, homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. As the key effector of the Hippo pathway, Yorkie (Yki) binds to transcription factor Scalloped (Sd) and promotes the expression of target genes, leading to cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Thus, it is of great significance to understand the regulatory mechanism for Yki protein turnover. Here, we provide evidence that the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (Usp10) binds Yki to counteract Yki ubiquitination and stabilize Yki protein in Drosophila S2 cells. The results in Drosophila wing discs indicate that silence of Usp10 decreases the transcription of target genes of the Hippo pathway by reducing Yki protein. In vivo functional analysis ulteriorly showed that Usp10 upregulates the Yki activity in Drosophila eyes. These findings uncover Usp10 as a novel Hippo pathway modulator and provide a new insight into the regulation of Yki protein stability and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chaojun Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Yi
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Enlin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liangchang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangshuang Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Rusnak L, Tang C, Qi Q, Mo X, Fu H. Large tumor suppressor 2, LATS2, activates JNK in a kinase-independent mechanism through ASK1. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:549-558. [PMID: 30496488 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an important mediator of the cell stress response pathways. Because of its central role in regulating cell death, the activity of ASK1 is tightly regulated by protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Deregulation of ASK1 activity has been linked to human diseases, such as neurological disorders and cancer. Here we describe the identification and characterization of large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) as a novel binding partner for ASK1. LATS2 is a core kinase in the Hippo signaling pathway and is commonly downregulated in cancer. We found that LATS2 interacts with ASK1 and increases ASK1-mediated signaling to promote apoptosis and activate the JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). This change in MAPK signaling is dependent on the catalytic activity of ASK1 but does not require LATS2 kinase activity. This work identifies a novel role for LATS2 as a positive regulator of the ASK1-MKK-JNK signaling pathway and establishes a kinase-independent function of LATS2 that may be part of the intricate regulatory system for cellular response to diverse stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rusnak
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cong Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Shi Y, Geng D, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Yu R, Zhou X. LATS2 Inhibits Malignant Behaviors of Glioma Cells via Inactivating YAP. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:38-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-1262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Mohamed Z, Hassan MK, Okasha S, Mitamura T, Keshk S, Konno Y, Kato T, El-Khamisy SF, Ohba Y, Watari H. miR-363 confers taxane resistance in ovarian cancer by targeting the Hippo pathway member, LATS2. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30053-30065. [PMID: 30046387 PMCID: PMC6059020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive female reproductive tract tumours. Taxane (paclitaxel; TX) is widely used for ovarian cancer treatment. However, ovarian cancers often acquire chemoresistance. MicroRNAs (miR) have been reported to mediate many tumours'chemoresistance. We investigated the role of miR-363 in the chemoresistance of the ovarian cancer cell line, KF, and its TX-resistant derivative (KF-TX) cells. QRT-PCR indicated that miR-363 was upregulated in KF-TX cells, and introduction of miR-363 into sensitive ovarian cancer cells confers TX-resistance and significantly inhibited the expression of the Hippo member, LATS2, as indicated by viability, clonogenic assay and expression analysis. Furthermore, we validated the role of LATS2 in TX-response by sh-based silencing, which also confers TX-resistance to the ovarian cancer cells. On the other hand, specific inhibitor against miR-363 restored the response to TX in the resistant cells. In addition, miR-363 was found to bind to the 3'-UTR of LATS2 mRNA, confirming that miR-363 directly targets LATS2 as indicated by dual luciferase assay. RT-PCR-based evaluation of miR-363 in a panel of human ovarian tumours revealed its upregulation in most of the tumour tissues identified as resistant while it was downregulated in most of the tissues identified as sensitive ones. Moreover, higher levels of miR-363 in human ovarian cancer specimens were significantly correlated with TX chemoresistance. Taken together, our study reveals the involvement of miR-363 in chemoresistance by targeting LATS2 in ovarian cancers, raising the possibility that combination therapy with a miR-363 inhibitor and TX may increase TX efficacy and reduce the chance of TX-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Kamel Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Bitechnology Program, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.,Centre for Genomics, HelmyInstitute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safwat Okasha
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Takashi Mitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sarah Keshk
- Bitechnology Program, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.,Centre for Genomics, HelmyInstitute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yusuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Centre for Genomics, HelmyInstitute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Krebs and Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Expression of Hippo signaling pathway and Aurora kinase genes in chronic myeloid leukemia. Med Oncol 2018; 35:26. [PMID: 29387948 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm resulting from clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells positive for the Philadelphia chromosome. The CML pathogenesis is associated with expression of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene, which encodes the Bcr-Abl protein with tyrosine kinase activity, promoting the leukemic cell exacerbated myeloproliferation and resistance to apoptosis. CML patients are usually treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), but some of them acquire resistance or are refractory to TKI. Thus, it is still relevant to elucidate the CML pathogenesis and seek new therapeutic targets, such as the Hippo signaling pathway and cell cycle regulatory genes from the Aurora kinase family. The present study quantified the expression level of genes encoding components of the Hippo signaling pathway (LATS1, LATS2, YAP, and TAZ), AURKA and AURKB in CML patients at different stages of the disease, who were resistant or sensitive to imatinib mesylate therapy, and in healthy individuals. The expression levels of the target genes were correlated with the CML Sokal's prognostic score. The most striking results were the LATS2 and AURKA overexpression in CML patients, the overexpression of TAZ and AURKB in CML patients at advanced phases and TAZ in CML IM-resistant. The development of drugs and/or identification of tumor markers for the Hippo signaling pathway and the Aurora kinase family, either alone or in combination, can optimize CML treatment by enhancing the susceptibility of leukemic cells to apoptosis and leading to a better disease prognosis.
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15
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Son MW, Song GJ, Jang SH, Hong SA, Oh MH, Lee JH, Baek MJ, Lee MS. Clinicopathological Significance of Large Tumor Suppressor ( LATS) Expression in Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2017; 17:363-373. [PMID: 29302376 PMCID: PMC5746657 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2017.17.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of the large tumor suppressor (LATS) genes LATS1 and LATS2 by immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer, and to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of LATS expression and its correlation with overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods LATS1 and LATS2 expression in a tissue microarray was detected by immunohistochemistry, using 264 gastric cancer specimens surgically resected between July 2006 and December 2009. Results Low expression of LATS1 was significantly associated with more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.032), lymph node (LN) metastasis (P=0.040), perineural invasion (P=0.042), poor histologic grade (P=0.007), and diffuse-type histology by the Lauren classification (P=0.033). Low expression of LATS2 was significantly correlated with older age (≥65, P=0.027), more advanced AJCC stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.001), LN metastasis (P=0.004), perineural invasion (P=0.004), poor histologic grade (P<0.001), and diffuse-type histology by the Lauren classification (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly poor OS rates in the groups with low LATS1 (P=0.037) and LATS2 (P=0.037) expression. Conclusions Expression of LATS1 or LATS2 is a significant marker for a good prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Won Son
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Geum Jong Song
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Si-Hyong Jang
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mee-Hye Oh
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moo Jun Baek
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
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16
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Gao Y, Yi J, Zhang K, Bai F, Feng B, Wang R, Chu X, Chen L, Song H. Downregulation of MiR-31 stimulates expression of LATS2 via the hippo pathway and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:161. [PMID: 29145896 PMCID: PMC5689139 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with cancer development by coordinately suppressing abundant target genes. Emerging evidence indicates that miR-31 plays a dual role in tumorigenicity. However, whether miR-31 plays as an oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the potential target molecules are still unclear. MiR-31 role in ESCC was investigated and an association of the target molecules with EMT was identified in the progression of ESCC. Methods Western blot assays and qRT-PCR was performed to detect the protein and mRNA levels. We investigated the role of miR-31 in the regulation of LATS2 expression in ESCC cell lines via functional assays both in vivo and in vitro. The luciferase reporter assays was conducted to confirm LATS2 is a potential target of miR-31. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure LATS2 and TAZ expression in normal and ESCC tissue. Results LATS2 is a component of the Hippo tumor-suppressive signaling pathway. Frequent loss of heterozygosity of LATS2 has been reported in esophageal cancer. We analyzed the reciprocal expression regulation of miR-31 and LATS2 and demonstrated that LATS2 expression was elevated by down-regulation of miR-31 at the post-transcriptional level in ESCC. Moreover, miR-31 significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of mRNA combined with the LATS2 3′-UTR, a key molecule in the Hippo pathway. Then, LATS2 consequently promoted the translocation of TAZ, which was examined using immunohistochemistry. Silencing of miR-31 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and decreased the ability of migration/invasion in vitro. LATS2 impedes ESCC cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing miR-31, as well as mice xenograft model in vivo. Meanwhile, the nuclear localization of LATS2 constrained the phosphorylation of TAZ. Then, the expression level of TAZ was notably heightened with a high risk of recurrence compared to that observed in the low-risk patients, as well as, the higher expression associated with a poor survival. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that overexpression of miR-31 undertook an oncogenic role in ESCC by repressing expression of LATS2 via the Hippo Pathway and activating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. LATS2 and TAZ could be potential novel molecular markers for predicting the risk of recurrence and prognosis of ESCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0622-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Clinical Medical School of the Second Military Medical University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
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Amlexanox, a selective inhibitor of IKBKE, generates anti-tumoral effects by disrupting the Hippo pathway in human glioblastoma cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3022. [PMID: 29048430 PMCID: PMC5596579 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of malignant brain tumor. Amlexanox, a novel compound, has been shown to have anti-cancer potential. In this study, the anti-tumoral effects and the underlying mechanisms of amlexanox were investigated. Amlexanox significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we found that amlexanox altered the protein expression of the Hippo pathway by downregulating IKBKE. Our data indicates that IKBKE directly targets LATS1/2 and induces degradation of LATS1/2, thereby inhibiting the activity of the Hippo pathway. In vivo results further confirmed the tumor inhibitory effect of amlexanox via the downregulation of IKBKE, and amlexanox induced no apparent toxicity. Collectively, our studies suggest that amlexanox is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of GBM.
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18
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Abstract
Proper cellular functionality and homeostasis are maintained by the convergent integration of various signaling cascades, which enable cells to respond to internal and external changes. The Dbf2-related kinases LATS1 and LATS2 (LATS) have emerged as central regulators of cell fate, by modulating the functions of numerous oncogenic or tumor suppressive effectors, including the canonical Hippo effectors YAP/TAZ, the Aurora mitotic kinase family, estrogen signaling and the tumor suppressive transcription factor p53. While the basic functions of the LATS kinase module are strongly conserved over evolution, the genomic duplication event leading to the emergence of two closely related kinases in higher organisms has increased the complexity of this signaling network. Here, we review the LATS1 and LATS2 intrinsic features as well as their reported cellular activities, emphasizing unique characteristics of each kinase. While differential activities between the two paralogous kinases have been reported, many converge to similar pathways and outcomes. Interestingly, the regulatory networks controlling the mRNA expression pattern of LATS1 and LATS2 differ strongly, and may contribute to the differences in protein binding partners of each kinase and in the subcellular locations in which each kinase exerts its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Furth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, POB 26, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, POB 26, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Ye Y, Zhuang J, Wang G, He S, Ni J, Xia W, Wang J. microRNA-605 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer by directly targeting LATS2. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:867-873. [PMID: 28673012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer- associated mortality for men and women worldwide. An increasing number of studies have reported that the abnormal expression of microRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of the majority of human cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to measure microRNA-650 (miR-650) expression in NSCLC and evaluate its function in NSCLC cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine miR-650 expression in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines. Assays for cell proliferation, migration and invasion were performed to investigate the roles of miR-650 on NSCLC progression. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-650 on NSCLC cell growth and metastasis were determined. In the current study, miR-650 was demonstrated to be highly expressed in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines. Inhibition of expression of miR-650 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Additionally, large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-650 in NSCLC. LATS2 was revealed to be significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and was negatively correlated with miR-650 expression. Notably, LATS2 re-expression decreased NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion; similar to the effects induced by miR-650 underexpression. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that miR-650 may serve as an oncogene by direct targeting LATS2 in NSCLC formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Saifei He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Jiening Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
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20
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Mutant p53 Protein and the Hippo Transducers YAP and TAZ: A Critical Oncogenic Node in Human Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050961. [PMID: 28467351 PMCID: PMC5454874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 protein is a well-known tumor suppressor factor that regulates cellular homeostasis. As it has several and key functions exerted, p53 is known as “the guardian of the genome” and either loss of function or gain of function mutations in the TP53 coding protein sequence are involved in cancer onset and progression. The Hippo pathway is a key regulator of developmental and regenerative physiological processes but if deregulated can induce cell transformation and cancer progression. The p53 and Hippo pathways exert a plethora of fine-tuned functions that can apparently be in contrast with each other. In this review, we propose that the p53 status can affect the Hippo pathway function by switching its outputs from tumor suppressor to oncogenic activities. In detail, we discuss: (a) the oncogenic role of the protein complex mutant p53/YAP; (b) TAZ oncogenic activation mediated by mutant p53; (c) the therapeutic potential of targeting mutant p53 to impair YAP and TAZ oncogenic functions in human cancers.
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21
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Liang R, Lin Y, Yuan CL, Liu ZH, Li YQ, Luo XL, Ye JZ, Ye HH. The clinical significance and biological function of large tumour suppressor 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28247446 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Present evidence has suggested that large tumour suppressor 2 (LATS2) is abnormally expressed in most human cancer. However, the clinical and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Large tumour suppressor 2 mRNA and protein expression levels in HCC tissues and cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry or Western blot. The correlation between LATS2 expression and clinicopathological factors was analysed through immunohistochemistry. The function of LATS2 on HCC cell growth and mobility was explored through MTT, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion assays. The molecular mechanism of LATS2 was screened and confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this study, LATS2 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with normal hepatic tissues and hepatic cell line. Low LATS2 expression was oppositely corrected with tumour stage, vascular invasion and metastasis. The univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that low LATS2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for HCC patients. The in vitro experiments showed that LATS2 regulated HCC cells migration and invasion, but had no effect on HCC cells proliferation. Meanwhile, LATS2 modulated metastasis-associated genes expression including E-cadherin, vimentin, snail, slug, MMP2 and MMP9. In conclusion, LATS2 is a prognostic biomarker and a tumour metastasis suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liang
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Lin
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Ling Yuan
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Luo
- First Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Zhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Hong Ye
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Naning, China
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22
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Mu C, Wang R, Li T, Li Y, Tian M, Jiao W, Huang X, Zhang L, Hu X, Wang S, Bao Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of Sea Cucumber: Large-Scale Prediction, Expression Profiling, Non-Coding Network Construction, and lncRNA-microRNA-Gene Interaction Analysis of lncRNAs in Apostichopus japonicus and Holothuria glaberrima During LPS Challenge and Radial Organ Complex Regeneration. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:485-499. [PMID: 27392411 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) structurally resembles mRNA but cannot be translated into protein. Although the systematic identification and characterization of lncRNAs have been increasingly reported in model species, information concerning non-model species is still lacking. Here, we report the first systematic identification and characterization of lncRNAs in two sea cucumber species: (1) Apostichopus japonicus during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and in heathy tissues and (2) Holothuria glaberrima during radial organ complex regeneration, using RNA-seq datasets and bioinformatics analysis. We identified A. japonicus and H. glaberrima lncRNAs that were differentially expressed during LPS challenge and radial organ complex regeneration, respectively. Notably, the predicted lncRNA-microRNA-gene trinities revealed that, in addition to targeting protein-coding transcripts, miRNAs might also target lncRNAs, thereby participating in a potential novel layer of regulatory interactions among non-coding RNA classes in echinoderms. Furthermore, the constructed coding-non-coding network implied the potential involvement of lncRNA-gene interactions during the regulation of several important genes (e.g., Toll-like receptor 1 [TLR1] and transglutaminase-1 [TGM1]) in response to LPS challenge and radial organ complex regeneration in sea cucumbers. Overall, this pioneer systematic identification, annotation, and characterization of lncRNAs in echinoderm pave the way for similar studies and future genetic, genomic, and evolutionary research in non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Tianqi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Meilin Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenqian Jiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Torigata K, Daisuke O, Mukai S, Hatanaka A, Ohka F, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Ohkawa Y, Yabuta N, Kondo Y, Nojima H. LATS2 Positively Regulates Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158562. [PMID: 27434182 PMCID: PMC4951031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LATS2, a pivotal Ser/Thr kinase of the Hippo pathway, plays important roles in many biological processes. LATS2 also function in Hippo-independent pathway, including mitosis, DNA damage response and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. However, the physiological relevance and molecular basis of these LATS2 functions remain obscure. To understand novel functions of LATS2, we constructed a LATS2 knockout HeLa-S3 cell line using TAL-effector nuclease (TALEN). Integrated omics profiling of this cell line revealed that LATS2 knockout caused genome-wide downregulation of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and H3K27me3. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that downregulation of PRC2 was not due to cell cycle aberrations caused by LATS2 knockout. Not LATS1, a homolog of LATS2, but LATS2 bound PRC2 on chromatin and phosphorylated it. LATS2 positively regulates histone methyltransferase activity of PRC2 and their expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Our findings reveal a novel signal upstream of PRC2, and provide insight into the crucial role of LATS2 in coordinating the epigenome through regulation of PRC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Torigata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Okuzaki Daisuke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- DNA-chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Mukai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Hatanaka
- Department of Epigenomics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Ohka
- Department of Epigenomics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norikazu Yabuta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Epigenomics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- DNA-chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Chen HJ, Wei Z, Sun J, Bhattacharya A, Savage DJ, Serda R, Mackeyev Y, Curley SA, Bu P, Wang L, Chen S, Cohen-Gould L, Huang E, Shen X, Lipkin SM, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Shuler ML. A recellularized human colon model identifies cancer driver genes. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:845-51. [PMID: 27398792 PMCID: PMC4980997 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Refined cancer models are needed to bridge the gaps between cell line, animal and clinical research. Here we describe the engineering of an organotypic colon cancer model by recellularization of a native human matrix that contains cell-populated mucosa and an intact muscularis mucosa layer. This ex vivo system recapitulates the pathophysiological progression from APC-mutant neoplasia to submucosal invasive tumor. We used it to perform a Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis screen to identify genes that cooperate with mutant APC in driving invasive neoplasia. We identified 38 candidate invasion-driver genes, 17 of which, including TCF7L2, TWIST2, MSH2, DCC, EPHB1 and EPHB2 have been previously implicated in colorectal cancer progression. Six invasion-driver genes that have not, to our knowledge, been previously described were validated in vitro using cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays and ex vivo using recellularized human colon. These results demonstrate the utility of our organoid model for studying cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zhubo Wei
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asmita Bhattacharya
- Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David J Savage
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rita Serda
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven A Curley
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Chemical Biology in Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neal G Copeland
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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25
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Fallahi E, O'Driscoll NA, Matallanas D. The MST/Hippo Pathway and Cell Death: A Non-Canonical Affair. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7060028. [PMID: 27322327 PMCID: PMC4929427 DOI: 10.3390/genes7060028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The MST/Hippo signalling pathway was first described over a decade ago in Drosophila melanogaster and the core of the pathway is evolutionary conserved in mammals. The mammalian MST/Hippo pathway regulates organ size, cell proliferation and cell death. In addition, it has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and it is commonly deregulated in human tumours. The delineation of the canonical pathway resembles the behaviour of the Hippo pathway in the fly where the activation of the core kinases of the pathway prevents the proliferative signal mediated by the key effector of the pathway YAP. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence support the idea that the mammalian MST/Hippo pathway has acquired new features during evolution, including different regulators and effectors, crosstalk with other essential signalling pathways involved in cellular homeostasis and the ability to actively trigger cell death. Here we describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate MST/Hippo dependent cell death, especially apoptosis. We include evidence for the existence of complex signalling networks where the core proteins of the pathway play a central role in controlling the balance between survival and cell death. Finally, we discuss the possible involvement of these signalling networks in several human diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fallahi
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. emma.fallahi---
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. emma.fallahi---
| | - Niamh A O'Driscoll
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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26
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Ma B, Cheng H, Gao R, Mu C, Chen L, Wu S, Chen Q, Zhu Y. Zyxin-Siah2-Lats2 axis mediates cooperation between Hippo and TGF-β signalling pathways. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11123. [PMID: 27030211 PMCID: PMC4821889 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway is a regulator that controls organ size, cell growth and tissue homeostasis. Upstream signals of the Hippo pathway have been widely studied, but how microenvironmental factors coordinately regulate this pathway remains unclear. In this study, we identify LIM domain protein Zyxin, as a scaffold protein, that in response to hypoxia and TGF-β stimuli, forms a ternary complex with Lats2 and Siah2 and stabilizes their interaction. This interaction facilitates Lats2 ubiquitination and degradation, Yap dephosphorylation and subsequently activation. We show that Zyxin is required for TGF-β and hypoxia-induced Lats2 downregulation and deactivation of Hippo signalling in MDA-MB-231 cells. Depletion of Zyxin impairs the capability of cell migration, proliferation and tumourigenesis in a xenograft model. Zyxin is upregulated in human breast cancer and positively correlates with histological stages and metastasis. Our study demonstrates that Zyxin-Lats2–Siah2 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Hippo and TGF-β are crucial signalling pathways involved in the development of various types of tumours. Here, the authors demonstrate that TGF-β can directly regulate Hippo pathway through the stabilization of the scaffold protein Zyxin, which forms a ternary complex with Siah2 and Lats2 promoting Lats2 degradation and YAP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongcheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruize Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenglong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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27
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Zhang M, Wang X, Li W, Cui Y. miR-107 and miR-25 simultaneously target LATS2 and regulate proliferation and invasion of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:806-12. [PMID: 25824045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a series of oncogenes and tumor suppressors were identified in the pathological development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the underlying molecule mechanism were still not fully understood. The current study explored the expression profile of miR-107 and miR-25 in GAC patients and their downstream regulative network. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to quantify the expression of these two miRNAs in serum samples from both patients and healthy controls. Dual luciferase assay was conducted to verify their putative bindings with LATS2. MTT assay, cell cycle assay and transwell assay were performed to explore how miR-107 and miR-25 regulate proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Findings of this study demonstrated that total miR-107 or miR-25 expression might be overexpressed in gastric cancer patients and they can simultaneously and synchronically regulate LATS2 expression, thereby affecting gastric cancer cell growth and invasion. Therefore, the miR-25/miR-107-LATS2 axis might play an important role in proliferation and invasion of the gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wanhu Li
- MRI Room of Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Yongchun Cui
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution of Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, #440, Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China.
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28
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Xu B, Sun D, Wang Z, Weng H, Wu D, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Hu W. Expression of LATS family proteins in ovarian tumors and its significance. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:858-67. [PMID: 25841306 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is composed of a diverse group of tumors that can be derived from the fallopian tube, endometrium, or ovary. In this study, we explored the expression levels of LATS family members in ovarian tumors using normal ovaries, fallopian tubes, and endometrium as controls. Immunohistochemistry studies of LATS1, LATS2, Pax8, and calretinin were performed on normal ovary, fallopian tube, normal endometrium, and ovarian tumor sections. Statistical analyses were conducted using the χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Patient survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. LATS1 was expressed in normal ovarian epithelia, endometrium, and fallopian tubes, whereas LATS2 expression was observed in the normal fallopian tubes and endometrium. High expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 in serous cystadenomas gradually decreased in borderline cystadenomas and carcinomas, respectively. However, an opposite expression pattern was observed in mucinous tumors. Low expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 were also detected in clear cell carcinoma. Both LATS1 and LATS2 expression levels significantly correlated with recurrence and stage; LATS1 levels were also related with tumor grades in serous carcinoma. However, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that high expression of LATS1 was associated with better prognosis in patients with serous carcinoma. Both LATS1 and LATS2 were not related with the clinical variables in mucinous and clear cell carcinoma. LATS1 expression levels might be a valuable survival indicator in ovarian serous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Duoxiang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Haiyan Weng
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Dabao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xuefen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.
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29
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Saadeldin MK, Shawer H, Mostafa A, Kassem NM, Amleh A, Siam R. New genetic variants of LATS1 detected in urinary bladder and colon cancer. Front Genet 2015; 5:425. [PMID: 25628642 PMCID: PMC4292772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LATS1, the large tumor suppressor 1 gene, encodes for a serine/threonine kinase protein and is implicated in cell cycle progression. LATS1 is down-regulated in various human cancers, such as breast cancer, and astrocytoma. Point mutations in LATS1 were reported in human sarcomas. Additionally, loss of heterozygosity of LATS1 chromosomal region predisposes to breast, ovarian, and cervical tumors. In the current study, we investigated LATS1 genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in 28 Egyptian patients with either urinary bladder or colon cancers. The LATS1 gene was amplified and sequenced and the expression of LATS1 at the RNA level was assessed in 12 urinary bladder cancer samples. We report, the identification of a total of 29 variants including previously identified SNPs within LATS1 coding and non-coding sequences. A total of 18 variants were novel. Majority of the novel variants, 13, were mapped to intronic sequences and un-translated regions of the gene. Four of the five novel variants located in the coding region of the gene, represented missense mutations within the serine/threonine kinase catalytic domain. Interestingly, LATS1 RNA steady state levels was lost in urinary bladder cancerous tissue harboring four specific SNPs (16045 + 41736 + 34614 + 56177) positioned in the 5'UTR, intron 6, and two silent mutations within exon 4 and exon 8, respectively. This study identifies novel single-base-sequence alterations in the LATS1 gene. These newly identified variants could potentially be used as novel diagnostic or prognostic tools in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Saadeldin
- Biotechnology Department, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Shawer
- Biotechnology Department, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neemat M Kassem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Cairo University New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Department, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt ; Biology Department, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Siam
- Biotechnology Department, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt ; Biology Department, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt ; YJ-Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
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30
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Ma B, Chen Y, Chen L, Cheng H, Mu C, Li J, Gao R, Zhou C, Cao L, Liu J, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Wu S. Hypoxia regulates Hippo signalling through the SIAH2 ubiquitin E3 ligase. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 17:95-103. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Feng S, Pan W, Jin Y, Zheng J. MiR-25 promotes ovarian cancer proliferation and motility by targeting LATS2. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12339-44. [PMID: 25179841 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major cancer-related mortality among women. Recent studies suggest that many microRNAs (miRNAs) were dysregulated and involved in tumorigenesis of OC. The present study investigated the role of miR-25 in the development and progression of OC. The expression of miR-25 was increased in OC tissues and cell lines. Inhibition of miR-25 remarkably suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), a tumor suppressor, was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-25 in OC cells. Moreover, restoration of LATS2 significantly attenuated the oncogenic effects of miR-25. Together, our data suggest an oncogenic role of miR-25 in OC and a potentially novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
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32
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Luo SY, Sit KY, Sihoe ADL, Suen WS, Au WK, Tang X, Ma ESK, Chan WK, Wistuba II, Minna JD, Tsao GSW, Lam DCL. Aberrant large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) gene expression correlates with EGFR mutation and survival in lung adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:282-92. [PMID: 24976335 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene with potential roles in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the association of aberrant LATS2 expression with EGFR mutation and survival in lung adenocarcinoma (AD), and the effects of LATS2 silencing in both lung AD cell lines. METHODS LATS2 mRNA and protein expression in resected lung AD were correlated with demographic characteristics, EGFR mutation and survival. LATS2-specific siRNA was transfected into four EGFR wild-type (WT) and three EGFR mutant AD cell lines and the changes in LATS2 expression and relevant signaling molecules before and after LATS2 knockdown were assayed. RESULTS Fifty resected lung AD were included (M:F=23:27, smokers:non-smokers=19:31, EGFR mutant:wild-type=21:29) with LATS2 mRNA levels showed no significant difference between gender, age, smoking and pathological stages while LATS2 immunohistochemical staining on an independent set of 79 lung AD showed similar trend. LATS2 mRNA level was found to be a significant independent predictor for survival status (disease-free survival RR=0.217; p=0.003; Overall survival RR=0.238; p=0.036). siRNA-mediated suppression of LATS2 expression resulted in augmentation of ERK phosphorylation in EGFR wild-type AD cell lines with high basal LATS2 expression, discriminatory modulation of Akt signaling between EGFR wild-type and mutant cells, and induction of p53 accumulation in AD cell lines with low baseline p53 levels. CONCLUSIONS LATS2 expression level is predictive of survival in patients with resected lung AD. LATS2 may modulate and contribute to tumor growth via different signaling pathways in EGFR mutant and wild-type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y Luo
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ko-Yung Sit
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan D L Sihoe
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Sing Suen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Kuk Au
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Edmond S K Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George S W Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David C L Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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33
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Xia Y, Gao Y. MicroRNA-181b promotes ovarian cancer cell growth and invasion by targeting LATS2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:446-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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The expression analysis of LATS2 gene in de novo AML patients. Med Oncol 2014; 31:961. [PMID: 24743869 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disease with respect to presentation and clinical outcome. Acquired genetic alterations along with epigenetic changes in hematopoietic progenitor cells are associated with the disease development. LATS2, as a tumor suppressor, has been indicated to have expression variations in different cancers. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression level of the LATS2 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression level of the LATS2 gene was detected in peripheral blood samples from 32 patients with de novo AML and 10 normal controls. LATS2 gene was significantly over-expressed in AML patients compared to normal subjects. Significant LATS2 over-expression was observed in all FAB types except for the M3 (p = 0.661). The present work provides the first evidence of the over-expression of LATS2 in AML patients and suggests that the gene might play a role in the disease development and hence may be a potential therapeutic target for AML treatment.
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35
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The role of key genes and pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of Malignant Mesothelioma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:232-47. [PMID: 24491449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive cancer with low survival rates and often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several players have been implicated in the development of this cancer, such as asbestos, erionite and the simian virus 40 (SV40). Here, we have reviewed the involvement of erionite, SV40, as well as, the role of several genes (p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), NF2, LATS2, SAV, CTNNB1 and among others), the pathways (RAS, PI3K, Wnt, BCL and Hippo), and their respective roles in the development of MM.
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36
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Li J, Chen X, Ding X, Cheng Y, Zhao B, Lai ZC, Al Hezaimi K, Hakem R, Guan KL, Wang CY. LATS2 suppresses oncogenic Wnt signaling by disrupting β-catenin/BCL9 interaction. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1650-63. [PMID: 24360964 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription is associated with a variety of human cancers. Here, we report that LATS2 inhibits oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription by disrupting the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction. LATS2 directly interacts with β-catenin and is present on Wnt target gene promoters. Mechanistically, LATS2 inhibits the interaction between BCL9 and β-catenin and subsequent recruitment of BCL9, independent of LATS2 kinase activity. LATS2 is downregulated and inversely correlated with the levels of Wnt target genes in human colorectal cancers. Moreover, nocodazole, an antimicrotubule drug, potently induces LATS2 to suppress tumor growth in vivo by targeting β-catenin/BCL9. Our results suggest that LATS2 is not only a key tumor suppressor in human cancer but may also be an important target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangming Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yingduan Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhi-Chun Lai
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Khalid Al Hezaimi
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eng.A.B Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razqallah Hakem
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Maejima Y, Kyoi S, Zhai P, Liu T, Li H, Ivessa A, Sciarretta S, Del Re DP, Zablocki DK, Hsu CP, Lim DS, Isobe M, Sadoshima J. Mst1 inhibits autophagy by promoting the interaction between Beclin1 and Bcl-2. Nat Med 2013; 19:1478-88. [PMID: 24141421 PMCID: PMC3823824 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that Mst1, a proapoptotic kinase, impairs protein quality control mechanisms in the heart through inhibition of autophagy. Stress-induced activation of Mst1 in cardiomyocytes promoted accumulation of p62 and aggresome formation, accompanied by the disappearance of autophagosomes. Mst1 phosphorylated the Thr108 residue in the BH3 domain of Beclin1, which enhanced the interaction between Beclin1 and Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL, stabilized the Beclin1 homodimer, inhibited the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase activity of the Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 complex and suppressed autophagy. Furthermore, Mst1-induced sequestration of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by Beclin1 allows Bax to become active, thereby stimulating apoptosis. Mst1 promoted cardiac dysfunction in mice subjected to myocardial infarction by inhibiting autophagy, associated with increased levels of Thr108-phosphorylated Beclin1. Moreover, dilated cardiomyopathy in humans was associated with increased levels of Thr108-phosphorylated Beclin1 and signs of autophagic suppression. These results suggest that Mst1 coordinately regulates autophagy and apoptosis by phosphorylating Beclin1 and consequently modulating a three-way interaction among Bcl-2 proteins, Beclin1 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maejima
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. [2] Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun D, Yu F, Ma Y, Zhao R, Chen X, Zhu J, Zhang CY, Chen J, Zhang J. MicroRNA-31 activates the RAS pathway and functions as an oncogenic MicroRNA in human colorectal cancer by repressing RAS p21 GTPase activating protein 1 (RASA1). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9508-18. [PMID: 23322774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a vital role in colorectal cancer. We found a widespread disruption in miRNA expression during colorectal tumorigenesis using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis; of the 161 miRNAs altered in colorectal cancer compared with normal adjacent tissue samples, miR-31 was the most significantly dysregulated. We identified candidate targets of miR-31 using bioinformatics approaches and validated RAS p21 GTPase activating protein 1 (RASA1) as a direct target. First, we found an inverse correlation between miR-31 and RASA1 protein levels in vivo. Second, in vitro evidence demonstrated that RASA1 expression was significantly decreased by treatment with pre-miR-31-LV, whereas anti-miR-31-LV treatment increased RASA1 protein levels. Third, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-31 directly recognizes a specific location within the 3'-untranslated region of RASA1 transcripts. Furthermore, the biological consequences of miR-31 targeting RASA1 were examined by the cell proliferation assay in vitro and by the immunodeficient mouse xenograft tumor model in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that miR-31 plays a significant role in activating the RAS signaling pathway through the inhibition of RASA1 translation, thereby improving colorectal cancer cell growth and stimulating tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Suzuki H, Yabuta N, Okada N, Torigata K, Aylon Y, Oren M, Nojima H. Lats2 phosphorylates p21 after UV irradiation and regulates apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4358-68. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.125815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lats2 (Large tumor suppressor 2), a member of the conserved AGC Ser/Thr (S/T) kinase family, is a human tumor suppressor gene. Here we show that in response to ultraviolet radiation, Lats2 is phosphorylated by Chk1 at Ser835 (S835), which is located in the kinase domain of Lats2. This phosphorylation enhances Lats2 kinase activity. Subsequently, Lats2 phosphorylates p21 at S146. p21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, which not only regulates cell cycle by CDK inhibition but also inhibits apoptosis by binding to procaspase-3 in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation by Lats2 induces p21 degradation and promotes apoptosis. Accordingly, Lats2 overexpression induces p21 degradation, caspase-3/9 activation and apoptosis. These findings describe a novel Lats2-dependent mechanism for induction of cell death in response to severe DNA damage.
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40
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Yabuta N, Mukai S, Okamoto A, Okuzaki D, Suzuki H, Torigata K, Yoshida K, Okada N, Miura D, Ito A, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Nojima H. N-terminal truncation of Lats1 causes abnormal cell growth control and chromosomal instability. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:508-20. [PMID: 23230145 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressors Lats1 and Lats2 are mediators of the Hippo pathway that regulates tissue growth and proliferation. Their N-terminal non-kinase regions are distinct except for Lats conserved domains 1 and 2 (LCD1 and LCD2), which may be important for Lats1/2-specific functions. Lats1 knockout mice were generated by disrupting the N-terminal region containing LCD1 (Lats1(ΔN/ΔN)). Some Lats1(ΔN/ΔN) mice were born safely and grew normally. However, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Lats1(ΔN/ΔN) mice displayed mitotic defects, centrosomal overduplication, chromosomal misalignment, multipolar spindle formation, chromosomal bridging and cytokinesis failure. They also showed anchorage-independent growth and continued cell cycles and cell growth, bypassing cell-cell contact inhibition similar to tumor cells. Lats1(ΔN/ΔN) MEFs produced tumors in nude mice after subcutaneous injection, although the tumor growth rate was much slower than that of ordinary cancer cells. Yap, a key transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo pathway, was overexpressed and stably retained in Lats1(ΔN/ΔN) MEFs in a cell density independent manner, and Lats2 mRNA expression was downregulated. In conclusion, N-terminally truncated Lats1 induced Lats2 downregulation and Yap protein accumulation, leading to chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Yabuta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Protein kinases of the Hippo pathway: regulation and substrates. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:770-84. [PMID: 22898666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The "Hippo" signaling pathway has emerged as a major regulator of cell proliferation and survival in metazoans. The pathway, as delineated by genetic and biochemical studies in Drosophila, consists of a kinase cascade regulated by cell-cell contact and cell polarity that inhibits the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie and its proliferative, anti-differentiation, antiapoptotic transcriptional program. The core pathway components are the GC kinase Hippo, which phosphorylates the noncatalytic polypeptide Mats/Mob1 and, with the assistance of the scaffold protein Salvador, phosphorylates the ndr-family kinase Lats. In turn phospho-Lats, after binding to phospho-Mats, autoactivates and phosphorylates Yorkie, resulting in its nuclear exit. Hippo also uses the scaffold protein Furry and a different Mob protein to control another ndr-like kinase, the morphogenetic regulator Tricornered. Architecturally homologous kinase cascades consisting of a GC kinase, a Mob protein, a scaffolding polypeptide and an ndr-like kinase are well described in yeast; in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e.g., the MEN pathway promotes mitotic exit whereas the RAM network, using a different GC kinase, Mob protein, scaffold and ndr-like kinase, regulates cell polarity and morphogenesis. In mammals, the Hippo orthologs Mst1 and Mst2 utilize the Salvador ortholog WW45/Sav1 and other scaffolds to regulate the kinases Lats1/Lats2 and ndr1/ndr2. As in Drosophila, murine Mst1/Mst2, in a redundant manner, negatively regulate the Yorkie ortholog YAP in the epithelial cells of the liver and gut; loss of both Mst1 and Mst2 results in hyperproliferation and tumorigenesis that can be largely negated by reduction or elimination of YAP. Despite this conservation, considerable diversification in pathway composition and regulation is already evident; in skin, e.g., YAP phosphorylation is independent of Mst1Mst2 and Lats1Lats2. Moreover, in lymphoid cells, Mst1/Mst2, under the control of the Rap1 GTPase and independent of YAP, promotes integrin clustering, actin remodeling and motility while restraining the proliferation of naïve T cells. This review will summarize current knowledge of the structure and regulation of the kinases Hippo/Mst1&2, their noncatalytic binding partners, Salvador and the Rassf polypeptides, and their major substrates Warts/Lats1&2, Trc/ndr1&2, Mats/Mob1 and FOXO.
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Kodali P, Jurkevica A, Landero J, Kuhlmann C, Caruso J, Adeoye O. Multiple liquid chromatography separations and nanoESI-ion trap detection of plasma proteins in search of stroke biomarkers: A pilot study. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2153-61. [PMID: 22807420 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of morbidity and death in the Western world, following ischemic heart disease and cancer. Stroke can be of two types, ischemic or hemorrhagic, with ischemic stroke accounting for approximately 85% of the total number of strokes. Well-recognized environmental risk factors for stroke include hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and atherosclerosis. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is used to diagnose hemorrhagic stroke but is relatively ineffective and may remain normal in patients with mild ischemic strokes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is more sensitive in detecting ischemia than CT, especially in the diagnosis of mild stroke but it is still not 100% sensitive or precise. A simple and low-cost, rapid blood test to confirm a clinical and imaging diagnosis of ischemic stroke would be extremely useful. Based on this, the central idea of this paper is to develop a method that would be applicable to a statistically viable sample set to provide candidate biomarkers for distinguishing stroke types. In search of these candidate biomarkers, different analytical separation techniques have been used to screen for major differences in the proteomes of patients plasma samples with proteomics for identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanichand Kodali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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43
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Bhaskar PK, Mukherjee A, Mutsuddi M. Dynamic pattern of expression of dlin52, a member of the Myb/MuvB complex, during Drosophila development. Gene Expr Patterns 2012; 12:77-84. [PMID: 22178095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The DREAM (DP, RB, E2F and MuvB) complex is required in humans to arrest the expression of cell cycle genes during quiescence. One of its members LIN52 has been isolated from the repressor complex but little is known about its molecular function. It has been reported recently that the serine residue 28 of LIN52 is phosphorylated by DYRK1A, and point mutation of this residue or down regulation of DYRK1A (which phosphorylates LIN52) leads to disruption of DREAM complex assembly, which is needed for G(0) arrest. Function of all the members of the dMyb complex (homologue of DREAM complex) in Drosophila melanogaster is not well characterized. We have studied the Drosophila orthologue of LIN52, known as dlin52, which is strongly conserved across various taxa from worms to human. dlin52 is reported to be present in a large protein complex containing important transcriptional regulators of cell proliferation and cell death like dE2F1, dMyb and dRbf. We have examined the expression of dlin52 transcripts and protein during development. Strong nuclear expression of dlin52 is seen in larval eye-antennal discs, brain, fat body, wing discs and salivary glands. dlin52 is abundantly expressed in endoreplicated tissues like salivary glands, fat body, and certain regions of the gut, and the nurse cells from adult ovaries. dlin52 is also expressed in the larval optic lobe, as well as in the developing neurons of ventral ganglion, indicating that this gene has an important role to play in cell cycle regulation and neuronal development. Robust expression of dlin52 protein was observed in quiescent cells like that of the imaginal cells of larval salivary gland, while marginal expression was seen in the germarium of adult ovary. Study of the spatial and temporal pattern of expression of this gene will help in better understanding of the function of this protein during various developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Chen X, Yang J, Xu L, Zhang C. MicroRNA-31 regulated by the extracellular regulated kinase is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell growth via large tumor suppressor homolog 2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42371-42380. [PMID: 22020941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a major cellular event in the pathogenesis of many proliferative vascular diseases. Recently, microRNA-31 (miR-31) has been found to play a critical role in cancer cell proliferation. However, the biological role of miR-31 in VSMC growth and the mechanisms involved are currently unknown. In the present study, the expression of rat mature miR-31 (rno-miR-31) was determined in cultured VSMCs and in rat carotid arteries. We identified that rno-miR-31 is an abundant miRNA in VSMCs, and its expression was significantly increased in proliferative VSMCs and in vascular walls with neointimal growth. The up-regulation of rno-miR-31 in proliferative VSMCs was inhibited by the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK). By both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrated that rno-miR-31 had a proproliferative effect on VSMCs. We further identified that LATS2 (large tumor suppressor homolog 2) is a downstream target gene product of rno-miR-31 that is involved in rno-miR-31-mediated effect on VSMC proliferation. The LATS2 as a target gene protein of rno-miR-31 is verified in vivo in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. The results suggest that MAPK/ERK/miR-31/LATS2 may represent a novel signaling pathway in VSMC growth. miR-31 is able to enhance VSMC proliferation via its downstream target gene product, LATS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Xiuwei Chen
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Jian Yang
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Ling Xu
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101.
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Tschöp K, Conery AR, Litovchick L, DeCaprio JA, Settleman J, Harlow E, Dyson N. A kinase shRNA screen links LATS2 and the pRB tumor suppressor. Genes Dev 2011; 25:814-30. [PMID: 21498571 PMCID: PMC3078707 DOI: 10.1101/gad.2000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
pRB-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation is a complex process that depends on the action of many proteins. However, little is known about the specific pathways that cooperate with the Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and the variables that influence pRB's ability to arrest tumor cells. Here we describe two shRNA screens that identify kinases that are important for pRB to suppress cell proliferation and pRB-mediated induction of senescence markers. The results reveal an unexpected effect of LATS2, a component of the Hippo pathway, on pRB-induced phenotypes. Partial knockdown of LATS2 strongly suppresses some pRB-induced senescence markers. Further analysis shows that LATS2 cooperates with pRB to promote the silencing of E2F target genes, and that reduced levels of LATS2 lead to defects in the assembly of DREAM (DP, RB [retinoblastoma], E2F, and MuvB) repressor complexes at E2F-regulated promoters. Kinase assays show that LATS2 can phosphorylate DYRK1A, and that it enhances the ability of DYRK1A to phosphorylate the DREAM subunit LIN52. Intriguingly, the LATS2 locus is physically linked with RB1 on 13q, and this region frequently displays loss of heterozygosity in human cancers. Our results reveal a functional connection between the pRB and Hippo tumor suppressor pathways, and suggest that low levels of LATS2 may undermine the ability of pRB to induce a permanent cell cycle arrest in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tschöp
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Andrew R. Conery
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachustts 02215, USA
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachustts 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey Settleman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Ed Harlow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Bao Y, Hata Y, Ikeda M, Withanage K. Mammalian Hippo pathway: from development to cancer and beyond. J Biochem 2011; 149:361-79. [PMID: 21324984 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was discovered as a signal transduction pathway that regulates organ size in Drosophila melanogaster. It is composed of three components: cell surface upstream regulators including cell adhesion molecules and cell polarity complexes; a kinase cascade comprising two serine-threonine kinases with regulators and adaptors; and a downstream target, a transcription coactivator. The coactivator mediates the transcription of cell proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptotic genes. The pathway negatively regulates the coactivator to restrict cell proliferation and to promote cell death. Thus, the pathway prevents tissue overgrowth and tumourigenesis. The framework of the pathway is conserved in mammals. A dysfunction of the pathway is frequently detected in human cancers and correlates with a poor prognosis. Recent works indicated that the Hippo pathway plays an important role in tissue homoeostasis through the regulation of stem cells, cell differentiation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Bao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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47
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway has emerged as a conserved signaling pathway that is essential for the proper regulation of organ growth in Drosophila and vertebrates. Although the mechanisms of signal transduction of the core kinases Hippo/Mst and Warts/Lats are relatively well understood, less is known about the upstream inputs of the pathway and about the downstream cellular and developmental outputs. Here, we review recently discovered mechanisms that contribute to the dynamic regulation of Hippo signaling during Drosophila and vertebrate development. We also discuss the expanding diversity of Hippo signaling functions during development, discoveries that shed light on a complex regulatory system and provide exciting new insights into the elusive mechanisms that regulate organ growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Program in Genes and Development, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Randy L. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Program in Genes and Development, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Authors for correspondence (; )
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Lee HH, Vo MT, Kim HJ, Lee UH, Kim CW, Kim HK, Ko MS, Lee WH, Cha SJ, Min YJ, Choi DH, Suh HS, Lee BJ, Park JW, Cho WJ. Stability of the LATS2 tumor suppressor gene is regulated by tristetraprolin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17329-37. [PMID: 20335167 PMCID: PMC2878496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.094235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LATS2 is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in the control of cell growth and the cell cycle. Here, we investigated the post-transcriptional regulation of LATS2 expression by tristetraprolin (TTP). Our results show that the expression level of LATS2 is inversely correlated with TTP expression in human cancer cell lines. Overexpression of TTP reduced the expression level of LATS2. Conversely, treatment with small interfering RNA against TTP increased the expression level of LATS2 through stabilization of LATS2 mRNA and suppressed the proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells. LATS2 mRNA contains AU-rich elements (AREs) within the 3'-untranslated region, and TTP destabilized a luciferase mRNA containing LATS2 ARE. In addition, RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that TTP directly bound to the ARE of LATS2 mRNA. These results establish LATS2 mRNA as a physiological target of TTP and suggest the possibility that TTP controls cell growth through regulation of LATS2 mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hee Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Mai-Tram Vo
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Unn Hwa Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Chae Won Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Hong Kyeung Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Myoung Seok Ko
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Won Hyuck Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | | | - Young Joo Min
- the Biomedical Research Center and
- the Departments of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Ho Seok Suh
- Dermatology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 and
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49
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Yorkie: the final destination of Hippo signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:410-7. [PMID: 20452772 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a key regulator of growth during animal development, whereas loss of normal Hippo pathway activity is associated with a wide range of cancers. Hippo signaling represses growth by inhibiting the activity of a transcriptional co-activator protein, known as Yorkie in Drosophila and Yap in vertebrates. In the 5 years since the first report linking Yorkie to Hippo signaling, intense interest in this pathway has led to rapid increases in our understanding of the action and regulation of Yorkie/Yap, which we review here. These studies have also emphasized the complexity of Yorkie/Yap regulation, including multiple, distinct mechanisms for repressing its transcriptional activity, and multiple DNA-binding partner proteins that can direct Yorkie to distinct downstream target genes.
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SASAKI HIDEFUMI, HIKOSAKA YU, KAWANO OSAMU, YANO MOTOKI, FUJII YOSHITAKA. Hypermethylation of the large tumor suppressor genes in Japanese lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:303-307. [PMID: 22966299 PMCID: PMC3436364 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Large tumor suppressor (LATS) 1 and 2 are tumor suppressor genes implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle. The methylation statuses of the promoter regions of these genes were studied in Japanese lung cancers. The methylation statuses of the promoter regions of LATS1 and LATS2 were investigated by methylation-specific PCR. The findings were compared to clinicopathological features of lung cancer. Methylation-specific PCR showed that the LATS1 promoter region was hypermethylated in 95 out of 119 (79.8%) lung cancers. The methylation status of LATS1 was significantly associated with squamous histology (p=0.0267) and smoking status (never smoker vs. smoker; p=0.0399). LATS1-ummethylated patients harbored more EGFR mutations (p=0.0143). The LATS2 promoter region was hypermethylated in 160 out of 203 (78.8%) lung cancers. However, the methylation status had no association with the clinicopathological characteristics of the lung cancers cases. Both the LATS1 and LATS2 methylation statuses did not correlate with survival of lung cancer patients. Thus, the EGFR methylation status of the LATS genes has limited value in Japanese lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- HIDEFUMI SASAKI
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - YU HIKOSAKA
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - OSAMU KAWANO
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - MOTOKI YANO
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - YOSHITAKA FUJII
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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