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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine sarcomas are rare cancers, of which the most common entities are leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. These two tumors may have overlapping clinical presentation, morphology and immunohistochemical profile, but are increasingly recognized to be two molecularly distinct entities. Endometrial stromal sarcomas are further currently divided into a low-grade and high-grade group based on molecular characteristics. Area covered: This review discusses recent data which shed light on the molecular profile of these two cancers and may aid in understanding their evolution and progression, in the aim of improving their diagnosis and management. Search was through PubMed, with focus on studies published in the last 5 years. Expert commentary: The literature presented and discussed documents rapidly expanding knowledge of the genetic characteristics of leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma, with an array of molecules and pathways implicated in the biology of these cancers. Several of these molecules are potential therapeutic targets. Assessment of their predictive and prognostic role awaits larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- a Department of Pathology , Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- c Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,d Centre for Cancer Biomedicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Micci F, Gorunova L, Agostini A, Johannessen LE, Brunetti M, Davidson B, Heim S, Panagopoulos I. Cytogenetic and molecular profile of endometrial stromal sarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:834-46. [PMID: 27219024 PMCID: PMC5113808 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cytogenetic and molecular investigations have improved our understanding of endometrial stromal tumors, including sarcomas (ESS), and helped redefine their classification into more pathogenetically meaningful categories. Because much more can be gained through such studies, we add information on another 22 ESS examined by karyotyping, PCR analysis, expression array analysis, and transcriptome sequencing. In spite of the known preference for certain pathogenetic pathways, we found considerable genetic heterogeneity in high‐grade (HG) as well as in low‐grade (LG) ESS. Not all HG tumors showed a YWHAE‐NUTM chimeric transcript and as many as six LGESS showed no hitherto known ESS‐related fusions. Among the transcripts identified by transcriptome sequencing and verified by Sanger sequencing, new variants of ZC3H7‐BCOR and its reciprocal BCOR‐ZC3H7 were identified as was involvement of the CREBBP and MLLT4 genes (both well known leukemia‐related genes) in two new fusions. FISH analysis identified a known EPC1‐PHF1 fusion which led to the identification of a new variant at the molecular level. The fact that around 70 genes were found differentially expressed, by microarray analysis, when comparing LGESS showing ESS‐related fusions with LGESS without such transcripts, underscores the biochemical importance of the observed genetic heterogeneity and hints that new subgroups/entities in LGESS still remain undiscovered. © 2016 The Authors. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene E Johannessen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Brunetti
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Genomic characterization of endometrial stromal sarcomas with array comparative genomic hybridization. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:367-74. [PMID: 25758203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a very rare uterine sarcoma, counting for 1-3% of all gynecologic malignancies. ESS represents 0.2-8% of all uterine malignant tumors and accounts for about 10% of all uterine sarcomas. With regard to chromosomal aberrations, very little is known about benign and malignant endometrial stromal tumors. METHODS 30 tumors, consisting of 4 cases of benign endometrial stromal nodule (ESN), 22 cases of low-grade ESS and 4 cases of undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES), were analyzed by array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). RESULTS ESN did not show many copy number changes (CNCs) by aCGH. Frequent losses could be identified on chromosomes 7p and 19, and gains on chromosomes 1q, 6p and 8q. Low-grade ESS presented as a very heterogeneous group. 90% (20/22) of cases displayed aberrations. Most frequent changes were losses on chromosomes 7 and 22, and gains on chromosome 1q or 11. UES showed a high number of chromosomal aberrations and on every chromosome CNCs were detected. Most frequent changes were losses on chromosomes 1q, 2q (3/4, 75%) and 13, and gains on chromosomes 1q and 17p. CONCLUSION Our data shows an increasing number of CNCs from ESN to low-grade ESS and to UES. However, the chromosomal aberrations differ considerably between the investigated ESN-, low-grade ESS- and UES cases and thus, a linear tumor progression seems to be unlikely.
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Novel fusion of MYST/Esa1-associated factor 6 and PHF1 in endometrial stromal sarcoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39354. [PMID: 22761769 PMCID: PMC3382230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangement of chromosome band 6p21 is recurrent in endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) and targets the PHF1 gene. So far, PHF1 was found to be the 3′ partner in the JAZF1-PHF1 and EPC1-PHF1 chimeras but since the 6p21 rearrangements involve also other chromosomal translocation partners, other PHF1-fusions seem likely. Here, we show that PHF1 is recombined with a novel fusion partner, MEAF6 from 1p34, in an ESS carrying a t(1;6)(p34;p21) translocation as the sole karyotypic anomaly. 5′-RACE, RT-PCR, and sequencing showed the presence of an MEAF6-PHF1 chimera in the tumor with exon 5 of MEAF6 being fused in-frame to exon 2 of PHF1 so that the entire PHF1 coding region becomes the 3′ terminal part of the MEAF6-PHF1 fusion. The predicted fusion protein is composed of 750 amino acids and contains the histone acetyltransferase subunit NuA4 domain of MEAF6 and the tudor, PHD zinc finger, and MTF2 domains of PHF1. Although the specific functions of the MEAF6 and PHF1 proteins and why they are targeted by a neoplasia-specific gene fusion are not directly apparent, it seems that rearrangement of genes involved in acetylation (EPC1, MEAF6) and methylation (PHF1), resulting in aberrant gene expression, is a common theme in ESS pathogenesis.
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Erratum to “Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations in endometrial stromal tumors” (Hum Pathol 2011;42:609-617). Hum Pathol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCT) lack the JAZF1-JJAZ1 translocation frequently seen in endometrial stromal tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33:1206-12. [PMID: 19542872 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181a7b9cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare uterine neoplasm composed predominantly or exclusively of cells which resemble those seen in sex cord tumors of the ovary. Since its initial morphologic description, it has been unclear whether UTROSCT represents a variant within the spectrum of endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs), which may rarely exhibit areas of sex cord-like differentiation, or whether it is a distinct uterine neoplasm unrelated to ESTs. Recently, several studies have revealed a recurrent t(7;17) translocation resulting in a JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion in over 60% of EST and its variants, including 2 out of 4 endometrial stromal tumors with sex cord-like elements (ESTSCLE). We examined UTROSCTs for evidence of the JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion by fluorescence in situ hybridization and by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 24 and 20 cases, respectively. The JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion was not identified in any tumor by either method. Although we cannot entirely exclude that UTROSCT represents a variant of ESTSCLE which lacks this translocation, our findings suggest that UTROSCT does not share the genetic mechanism common to the majority of ESTs with or without sex cord-like differentiation, and therefore most likely represents a distinct neoplasm unrelated to ESTSCLE.
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Sandberg A. The cytogenetics and molecular biology of endometrial stromal sarcoma. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:182-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Micci F, Heim S. Pathogenetic mechanisms in endometrial stromal sarcoma. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:190-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Oliva E, de Leval L, Soslow RA, Herens C. High Frequency of JAZF1-JJAZ1 Gene Fusion in Endometrial Stromal Tumors With Smooth Muscle Differentiation by Interphase FISH Detection. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:1277-84. [PMID: 17667554 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e318031f012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The most common cytogenetic alteration observed in low-grade endometrial stromal tumors (EST) is the t(7;17)(p15;q21) translocation, resulting in the fusion of the JAZF1 and JJAZ1 genes. By reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the translocation has been detected overall in one-third of ESTs, but only rarely in its variants. The purpose of this study was to develop a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for detection of this translocation using archival paraffin-embedded samples of ESTs with smooth muscle differentiation and to assess the nature of the smooth muscle component of these tumors. Representative paraffin blocks of 9 endometrial stromal nodules and 1 low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma were collected for the study. In 1 case, the block selected also contained areas of sex cordlike differentiation. A fluorescence in situ hybridization probe set was designed to detect the t(7;17)(p15;q12) on tissue sections. Six out of 10 collected ESTs were assessable. Fusion signals were detected in 3 out of 6 cases (50%) in both the conventional endometrial stromal and the smooth muscle components of the tumors. The tumor sample with sex cordlike differentiation harbored the fusion signal in all the 3 components. Our results support the contention that the endometrial stromal and smooth muscle components of these tumors have the same origin, either from a common precursor cell with pluripotential differentiation or from endometrial stromal cells that have undergone smooth muscle metaplasia. Our results indicate that the detection of this chromosomal abnormality can be used to diagnose ESTs with smooth muscle differentiation when the smooth muscle component is predominant.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Co-Repressor Proteins
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Endometrial Stromal Tumors/genetics
- Endometrial Stromal Tumors/pathology
- Female
- Gene Fusion
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/genetics
- Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/pathology
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Hodge JC, Morton CC. Genetic heterogeneity among uterine leiomyomata: insights into malignant progression. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16 Spec No 1:R7-13. [PMID: 17613550 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata (UL), also known as fibroids, are the most common pelvic tumors in women of reproductive age and are the primary indication for hysterectomy in the USA. Many lines of evidence indicate a strong genetic component to the development of these tumors. In fact, approximately 40% of UL have non-random, tumor-specific chromosome abnormalities which have allowed classification into well-defined subgroups (deletion of portions of 7q, trisomy 12 or rearrangements of 12q15, 6p21 or 10q22) as well as identification of candidate genes for UL predisposition. Although benign, UL have been linked to malignancy through two genomic regions on chromosome 1. Mutation of fumarate hydratase (FH) at 1q43 is known to cause the Mendelian syndromes of multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata (MCL) and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), and recently, FH mutations have been detected in some non-syndromic UL. In addition, transcriptional profiling suggests that loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 in cellular leiomyomata, an uncommon histological variant of UL, may account in part for the presumed yet rare malignant transformation of UL to uterine leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennelle C Hodge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mittal K, Joutovsky A. Areas with benign morphologic and immunohistochemical features are associated with some uterine leiomyosarcomas. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 104:362-5. [PMID: 17011615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) is poorly understood. It is unknown if these tumors arise de-novo or from pre-existing leiomyomata (LM) or atypical leiomyomata. In this study, we evaluated morphologic heterogeneity within uterine LMS to identify possible precursor lesions. We reviewed 11 cases of total hysterectomy in which the final diagnosis was LMS. All slides from the grossly recognized tumor were evaluated for the degree of atypia and mitotic counts within the leiomyosarcomas. The slides with the lowest and highest mitotic count were stained with monoclonal antibody to p53, MIB-1 and ER/PR. The number of cells stained was subjectively assessed to nearest 5%, with 1% for rare positive cells. Morphologically benign tumor areas were identified in 5 of the 11 tumors. These areas showed <5 mitoses/10 HPF, with 1+ atypia in 4 cases and 1-2+ atypia in 1 case. No necrosis was seen by definition. Immunostains could be done in 4 of these 5 cases. These morphologically benign areas showed a p53 expression of 1% in each of the 4 cases, with low MIB-1 (5 to 15%) and high ER/PR expression (ER: 50-100%, PR: 10-100%). Morphologically malignant areas had 13 to 31 mitoses/10 HPF, 2+ to 3+ atypia, p53 expression of 70% to 100%, MIB-1 expression of 40% to 100%, ER expression of 1 to 100% and PR expression of 1 to 100%. The benign and malignant areas merged in all cases. Morphologic and immunohistochemical spectrum of changes from benign to malignant is seen in 50% of LMS. This raises the possibility of progression of some leiomyomata to LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khush Mittal
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, 462 First Avenue, Room 4W35, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Esposito NN, Hunt JL, Bakker A, Jones MW. Analysis of Allelic Loss as an Adjuvant Tool in Evaluation of Malignancy in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30:97-103. [PMID: 16330948 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000180424.75077.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) are difficult both from the diagnostic and patient management standpoint because they cannot be classified as benign or malignant by conventional histologic criteria. This study's aim was to determine the diagnostic utility of allelic imbalance (AI) analysis in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Using microdissection and genotyping, we tested 5 leiomyomas, 6 STUMPs, and 10 leiomyosarcomas with follow-up for AI across a panel of seven tumor suppressor genes (p16, p21, p53, VHL, XRCC3, RB, and NM-23). None of the 6 patients with STUMP experienced recurrent disease, whereas 8 of the 10 patients diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma died of disease at follow-up. The mean frequency of allelic loss (FAL) for leiomyomas (18%) was not significantly different from that of STUMPs (21%) (P = 1), whereas leiomyosarcomas displayed a significantly higher FAL (52%) than both leiomyomas (P = 0.001) and STUMPs (P = 0.002). Loss of NM-23, a reported tumor metastasis suppressor gene, was found only in leiomyosarcomas (5 of 9, or 56%), and 4 of 5 (80%) of these were the only cases that demonstrated distant metastases (P = 0.04). Additionally, an FAL of >50% correlated with both NM-23 loss (P = 0.008) and distant metastatic disease (P = 0.04). In conclusion, leiomyomas and STUMPs displayed similar mean FALs and all were clinically benign, whereas uterine leiomyosarcomas had significantly higher frequencies of allelic loss than both leiomyomas and STUMPs. Molecular profiling may thus provide a valuable tool in assessment of malignancy in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Additionally, NM-23 is a promising candidate gene for determination of metastatic potential in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nicosia Esposito
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Sandberg AA. Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: leiomyosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Halbwedl I, Ullmann R, Kremser ML, Man YG, Isadi-Moud N, Lax S, Denk H, Popper HH, Tavassoli FA, Moinfar F. Chromosomal alterations in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma as detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 97:582-7. [PMID: 15863163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are very rare neoplasms constituting less than 0.5% of all malignant uterine tumors. The aim of the present study was to characterize the karyotypic abnormalities in these malignant mesenchymal tumors and to find specific chromosomal aberrations with eventual correlation with histologic grades. METHODS Twelve cases of endometrial stromal sarcomas consisting of nine low-grade ESS and three undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas (UES) were investigated by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). RESULTS Ten of the twelve cases (83.3%) displayed chromosomal gains or losses. Deletions occurred more frequently than gains (63.4% versus 36.6%). In low-grade ESS, gains on 1, 6q, 9q, 16p, 19, 20q, 22q and losses on 2, 4q, 6, 7, 11q, 13q, 15q, 16q, 20p, X were detected. CGH with UES exhibited gains on 2q, 4q, 6q, 7p, 9q, 20q and losses on 3q, 10p, 14q. One low-grade ESS and one UES did not reveal any chromosomal aberration. CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal aberrations in endometrial sarcomas are heterogeneous and do not clearly correlate with the histologic grades. There is no increased accumulation of aberrations from low-grade ESS to UES. Despite the karyotypic variations, chromosomal deletion on 7p was the most common finding (55.6%) in low-grade ESS and may play a role in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Halbwedl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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Rakheja D, Weinberg AG, Tomlinson GE, Partridge K, Schneider NR. Translocation (10;17)(q22;p13): a recurring translocation in clear cell sarcoma of kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 154:175-9. [PMID: 15474157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 02/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A clear cell sarcoma from the kidney of a 12-month-old male child manifested a balanced translocation, t(10;17)(q22;p13). This is the second report of this cytogenetic abnormality in renal clear cell sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, MC 9073, Children's Medical Center of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Micci F, Teixeira MR, Haugom L, Kristensen G, Abeler VM, Heim S. Genomic aberrations in carcinomas of the uterine corpus. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 40:229-46. [PMID: 15139002 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma, the most common invasive neoplasm of the female genital tract, occurs either in a hormone-related, less virulent form (type I) or in a hormone-independent, more aggressive form (type II). Another cancer of the uterine corpus is carcinosarcoma, a biphasic or mixed epithelial-mesenchymal tumor, now classified as metaplastic carcinoma. We examined by karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridization a consecutive series of 67 endometrial carcinomas and 15 carcinosarcomas and compared the cytogenetic features of the different carcinoma subtypes. All three subtypes of uterine carcinoma had in common a nonrandom gain of material from 1q and 8q but differed from one another in other respects. Endometrial carcinomas of type I mostly presented gains from chromosome arms 1q and 8q and losses from Xp, 9p, 9q, 17p, 19p, and 19q, whereas endometrial carcinomas of type II showed a more complex imbalance picture, with gains from chromosome arms 1q, 2p, 3q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 8q, 10q, and 20q and losses from Xq, 5q, and 17p. The carcinosarcomas mostly showed gains of or from 1q, 5p, 8q, and 12q but losses from 9q, that is, they were much more similar to endometrial carcinomas in their pattern of acquired genomic changes than to sarcomas of the uterine corpus. It was also possible to identify different copy number changes among the different grades of type I carcinomas, between serous papillary and clear-cell carcinomas of type II, as well as between homologous and heterologous carcinosarcomas. Specifically, type I adenocarcinomas that were highly differentiated mostly showed gains from 1q and 10p; those that were moderately differentiated showed gains from 1q, 7p, 7q, and 10q as well as losses from Xp, 9p, 9q, 17p, 19p, and 19q; whereas those poorly differentiated showed gains from 1q, 2p, 2q, 3q, 6p, 8q, and 20q but losses from Xp, Xq, 5q, 9p, 9q, 17p, and 17q. The serous papillary carcinomas showed gains from 1q, 2p, 2q, 3q, 5p, 6p, 6q, 7p, 8q, 18q, 20p, and 20q but losses from 17p, whereas the clear-cell carcinomas showed gains from 3q, 7p, 8q, 10q, 16p, and 20q but losses from 6q. Finally, the homologous carcinosarcomas presented gains from 1p, 1q, 8q, 12q, and 17q as well as losses from 9q and 13q, whereas the heterologous tumors showed gains from 1q, 8p, and 8q. The reproducibility of the observed correlations between karyotypic aberration patterns and histological differentiation was underscored by the fact that those carcinosarcomas whose epithelial component resembled type I endometrial carcinomas also exhibiting a type I aberration profile, whereas carcinosarcomas with a type II carcinoma differentiation had karyotypic abnormalities similar to those of type II endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micci
- Department of Cancer Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Gunawan B, Schulten HJ, Füzesi L. Identification of a BAC clone overlapping the t(6p12.3) breakpoint in the cell line ESS-1 derived from an endometrial stromal sarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 147:84-6. [PMID: 14580778 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A major subgroup of endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) is characterized by translocations involving chromosome 6 with consistent breakpoints at 6p11 approximately p21. As part of an ongoing positional cloning effort to identify the genes affected by these translocations, this article reports on the delineation of the 6p breakpoint in the cell line ESS-1 derived from an ESS. The G- and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-banded karyotypes showed an unbalanced translocation described originally as der(3)t(3;6) (q29;p21.1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization using probes derived from contigous yeast artificial chromosome, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), and P1-derived artificial chromosome clones specific to 6p12.3 approximately p21.1 located the breakpoint at 6p to the BAC clone RP11-337K13 mapping to 6p12.3. The DNA sequence of the breakpoint region contained in RP11-337K13 will serve as a candidate locus for further molecular genetic analyses to isolate the gene(s) altered in ESS with 6p rearrangement.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Gunawan
- Department of Pathology, Georg August University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Wang J, Blakey GL, Zhang L, Bane B, Torbenson M, Li S. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor: report of a case with t(X;6)(p22.3;q23.1) and t(4;18)(q21.1;q21.3). DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 2003; 12:174-80. [PMID: 12960700 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200309000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare tumor of reproductive-age and postmenopausal women. We present the first case of UTROSCT with cytogenetic analysis. The tumor occurred in a 34-year-old woman who presented with menorrhagia and a uterine mass. Histologic examination showed tumor with features of sex cord-like epithelium and abundant fibromuscular stroma without an endometrial stromal sarcoma component. The tumor cells expressed cytokeratin, CD99, vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and estrogen and progesterone receptors. The majority of the cells analyzed by cytogenetic studies showed two balanced chromosomal translocations: t(X;6)(p22.3;q23.1) and t(4;18)(q21.1;q21.3). Several known tumor-related genes (bcl-2, MALT-1, FVT1, SCCA1, SCCA2, and DCC at 18q21; RAP1 at 4q21; and STL at 6q23) and a gonadal-development related gene (H-Y regulator gene at Xp22.3) are located at or near the translocation breakpoints. The tumor cells of sex cord-like elements were strongly and diffusely immunoreactive for bcl-2 antibody. These cytogenetic and immunohistochemical data may suggest potential molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis of UTROSCT.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Chromosomes, Human
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Fallopian Tubes/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Hysterectomy
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovariectomy
- Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors/genetics
- Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors/pathology
- Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors/surgery
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Uterine Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Neoplasms/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Amant F, Moerman P, Cadron I, Hagemeijer A, Vergote I, Debiec-Rychter M. Endometrial stromal sarcoma with a sole t(X;17) chromosome change: report of a case and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 88:459-62. [PMID: 12648605 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(02)00096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) exhibit varying degrees of malignancy and heterogeneity at the karyotypic level. The biological mechanisms that contribute to tumorigenesis of ESS are still largely unknown. CASE A 33-year-old woman suffering from ESS was treated primarily surgically. Cytogenetic evaluation of the primary uterine nodule and metastatic tumor showed 46,XX,t(X;17)(p11:q23) karyotype in all metaphases analyzed. Normal endometrial cells exhibited 46,XX karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the presence of the reciprocal t(X;17) translocation and allowed for the positioning of the chromosome X breakpoint distal to SSX1 gene loci. CONCLUSIONS Our report of a previously undescribed sole cytogenetic translocation in an advanced stage of ESS might identify a cytogenetically distinct subgroup of ESS and help to reveal genes involved in ESS tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Amant
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Herrington CS. What we could do now: molecular pathology of gynaecological cancer. Mol Pathol 2001; 54:222-4. [PMID: 11477134 PMCID: PMC1187070 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.4.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2001] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gynaecological tumours exemplify many of the molecular paradigms of carcinogenesis. The clinical value of many of the molecular abnormalities present is now being tested and it is likely that the identification of at least some of these will become routine in the near future. This may help to refine diagnosis and guide treatment-for example, therapeutic vaccination for human papillomavirus related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Herrington
- Department of Pathology, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool University of Hospital, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
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Levy B, Mukherjee T, Hirschhorn K. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma by comparative genomic hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 121:1-8. [PMID: 10958933 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata are among the most common of human neoplasms and are associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and abdominal pain. Uterine leiomyosarcomata are presumed to be the malignant counterpart to uterine leiomyomata and are very rare. Transformation of uterine leiomyoma (ULM) into uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is yet to be conclusively confirmed, and each type of tumor may represent a distinct genetic entity. We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to evaluate DNA sequence copy-number changes in 12 specimens of ULM and 8 of ULMS. CGH analysis of ULM demonstrated chromosomal imbalances in 8 of 12 (66. 7%) specimens. The most frequent ULM gains were observed at 9q34 (a novel finding) and on chromosome 19. Other ULM imbalances included gains and losses of chromosome 1p, losses on 7q, and gains on 12q. All ULMS specimens demonstrated chromosomal aberrations. Chromosome 1 imbalances were very prominent. The most frequent losses were detected on 14q and 22q. Losses on 14q are rarely seen in other types of leiomyo-sarcoma and may be a distinctive feature of ULMS. Gains on chromosomes 8, 17, and X were observed in half the cases and were accompanied by high-level amplification. Other chromosome arms overrepresented included 12q and 19p. The absence of specific anomalies common to all ULM and ULMS argues against their being benign-malignant counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Levy
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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