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Fry BM, Moody G, Spikes HA, Wong JSS. Adsorption of Organic Friction Modifier Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1147-1155. [PMID: 31941274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic friction modifier additives (OFMs) are surfactant molecules added to engine oils to reduce friction in the boundary lubrication regime. They are thought to work by forming an absorbed layer, which provides low friction. This paper studied the relationship between the adsorption of OFMs and their friction and wear-reducing properties in a rubbing contact formed by a stationary glass ball and a rotating silicon disk under the boundary lubrication regime. The effect of molecular structure was investigated by using OFMs of various tail saturation and head group chemistry. OFMs tested were oleic acid, octadecylamine, oleylamine, and glycerol monooleate. The thickness of an OFM-adsorbed layer in hexadecane, examined in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), depends on the molecular structure and the concentration of the OFM. As expected, the saturated, linear chain gives the thickest film. A critical OFM layer thickness of about 0.6 nm is necessary to achieve low initial and maximum friction. The thicker OFM layers are accompanied by narrower wear tracks, which are rougher than the wider, smoother wear tracks formed with thinner OFM layers. The interplay between the thickness of the OFM layer and wear track surface roughness results in all OFM layers having similar steady state friction. This shows that the apparent effect of OFM depends on the stage of the rubbing test: initially on friction, and then subsequently on surface damage. Despite OFMs and the base oil having similar refractive indices, ellipsometry was found to be a suitable technique for examining the adsorption of OFM additives from an oil-based solution and showed reasonable correlation with QCM results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Fry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Gareth Moody
- Croda Lubricants , Croda Europe Ltd , Cowick Hall , Snaith , East Yorkshire DN14 9AA , U.K
| | - Hugh A Spikes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Janet S S Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
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Lee HS, Dastgheyb SS, Hickok NJ, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Targeted release of tobramycin from a pH-responsive grafted bilayer challenged with S. aureus. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:650-9. [PMID: 25585173 DOI: 10.1021/bm501751v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive, controlled release bilayer for the prevention of bacterial infection on biomaterials is presented. Drug release is locally controlled by the pH-responsiveness of the bilayer, comprised of an inner poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) monolayer grafted to a biomaterial and cross-linked with an outer chitosan (CH) brush. Tobramycin (TOB) is loaded in the inner PAA in part to minimize bacteria resistance. Because biofilm formation causes a decrease in local pH, TOB is released from PAA and permeates through the CH, which is in contact with the biofilm. Antibiotic capacity is controlled by the PAA thickness, which depends on PAA brush length and the extent of cross-linking between CH and PAA at the bilayer interface. This TOB-loaded, pH-responsive bilayer exhibits significantly enhanced antibacterial activity relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Lee SW, Tettey KE, Kim IL, Burdick JA, Lee D. Controlling the Cell-Adhesion Properties of Poly(acrylic acid)/Polyacrylamide Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kwadwo E. Tettey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Iris L. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Lee HS, Eckmann DM, Lee D, Hickok NJ, Composto RJ. Symmetric pH-dependent swelling and antibacterial properties of chitosan brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12458-65. [PMID: 21894981 PMCID: PMC3191253 DOI: 10.1021/la202616u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Charged polymer brushes grafted to surfaces are of great interest for antibacterial, biosensor, nanofluidic, and drug delivery applications. In this paper, chitosans with quaternary ammonium salts, CH-Q, were immobilized on silicon oxide and characterized by in situ quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation, QCM-D, and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, SE. Both methods showed that the hydrated film exhibited a minimum thickness of ~40 nm near pH 5 that increased strongly (up to ~80 nm) at lower and higher pH. This symmetric swelling is surprising because CH-Q is a cationic polymer. The CH-Q grafted layer was stable for pH values from 3 to 8 and exhibited rapid, reversible swelling and contraction upon varying pH. The CH-Q layer also reduced S. aureus colonization by a factor of ~30× compared to bare silicon oxide and an amine terminated silane grafted to silicon oxide. This antibacterial characteristic of CH-Q is attributed to the quaternary ammonium salts and the flexible polymer brush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- Institute of Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Institute of Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Noreen J. Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Institute of Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Contreras AE, Steiner Z, Miao J, Kasher R, Li Q. Studying the role of common membrane surface functionalities on adsorption and cleaning of organic foulants using QCM-D. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6309-6315. [PMID: 21728383 DOI: 10.1021/es200570t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of organic foulants on nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane surfaces strongly affects subsequent fouling behavior by modifying the membrane surface. In this study, impact on organic foulant adsorption of specific chemistries including those in commercial thin-film composite membranes was investigated using self-assembled monolayers with seven different ending chemical functionalities (-CH(3), -O-phenyl, -NH(2), ethylene-glycol, -COOH, -CONH(2), and -OH). Adsorption and cleaning of protein (bovine serum albumin) and polysaccharide (sodium alginate) model foulants in two solution conditions were measured using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, and were found to strongly depend on surface functionality. Alginate adsorption correlated with surface hydrophobicity as measured by water contact angle in air; however, adsorption of BSA on hydrophilic -COOH, -NH(2), and -CONH(2) surfaces was high and dominated by hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic attraction. Adsorption of both BSA and alginate was the fastest on -COOH, and adsorption on -NH(2) and -CONH(2) was difficult to remove by surfactant cleaning. BSA adsorption kinetics was shown to be markedly faster than that of alginate, suggesting its importance in the formation of the conditioning layer. Surface modification to render -OH or ethylene-glycol functionalities are expected to reduce membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Contreras
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston Texas 77005, United States
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Olugebefola SC, Ryu SW, Nolte AJ, Rubner MF, Mayes AM. Photo-cross-linkable polyelectrolyte multilayers for 2-D and 3-D patterning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5958-62. [PMID: 16768536 DOI: 10.1021/la060315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of poly(acrylic acid-ran-vinylbenzyl acrylate) (PAArVBA), a photo-cross-linkable weak polyelectrolyte, and its incorporation into polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films. PEM films assembled from PAArVBA and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) are found to exhibit similar thickness trends with assembly pH as those previously reported for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/PAH multilayers. Swelling properties of the as-built and photo-cross-linked films are studied by in situ ellipsometry. Two-dimensional masking techniques are used to pattern regions of high and low swelling, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and to provide spatial control over the low-pH-induced microporosity transition exhibited by PAH/PAA PEMs. Films containing alternating blocks of PAH/PAArVBA bilayers and PAH/PAA bilayers were assembled, laterally photopatterned, and exposed to low-pH solution to generate nanoporosity leading to patterned Bragg reflectors, thereby demonstrating three-dimensional control over film structure in these weak PEM assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solar C Olugebefola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Lee D, Nolte AJ, Kunz AL, Rubner MF, Cohen RE. pH-Induced Hysteretic Gating of Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes: Swelling/Deswelling Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Confined Geometry. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8521-9. [PMID: 16802818 DOI: 10.1021/ja0608803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
pH-induced hysteretic gating of track-etched polycarbonate membranes (TEPC) has been achieved by depositing layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers comprising poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) at a high pH condition (pH > 9.0). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the average bilayer thickness of multilayers was greater within the cylindrical pores of track-etched polycarbonate membranes compared to the multilayers on planar substrates (e.g., Si wafers and the face of TEPC membranes). Swelling/deswelling properties of multilayers and gating properties of the multilayer-modified TEPC membranes were studied by measuring the flux of pH-adjusted deionized water. Large discontinuous changes in the transmembrane flux were observed, indicating that the multilayers within the cylindrical pores of TEPC membranes exhibit the discontinuous swelling/deswelling behavior observed previously for planar systems. The degree of swelling as estimated by simple models, however, showed that (PAH/PSS) multilayers in the confined geometry swelled to smaller extents compared to the same multilayers on planar substrates under the same conditions. Multilayer-modified membranes showed reversible gating properties as the pH condition of feed solution was alternated between pH 2.5 and 10.5. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to visualize the closing of the pores as a function of time. The hysteretic gating property of the multilayer-modified TEPC membrane was utilized to achieve either a "closed" or "open" state at one pH condition depending on the pretreatment history, thereby enabling either the retention or passage of high-molecular weight polymers by varying the membrane pretreatment condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Mirji SA. Octadecyltrichlorosilane adsorption kinetics on Si(100)/SiO2 surface: contact angle, AFM, FTIR and XPS analysis. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Onclin S, Ravoo BJ, Reinhoudt DN. Gestaltung der Siliciumoxidoberfläche durch selbstorganisierte Monoschichten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Onclin S, Ravoo BJ, Reinhoudt DN. Engineering Silicon Oxide Surfaces Using Self-Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6282-304. [PMID: 16172993 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although a molecular monolayer is only a few nanometers thick it can completely change the properties of a surface. Molecular monolayers can be readily prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett methodology or by chemisorption on metal and oxide surfaces. This Review focuses on the use of chemisorbed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a platform for the functionalization of silicon oxide surfaces. The controlled organization of molecules and molecular assemblies on silicon oxide will have a prominent place in "bottom-up" nanofabrication, which could revolutionize fields such as nanoelectronics and biotechnology in the near future. In recent years, self-assembled monolayers on silicon oxide have reached a high level of sophistication and have been combined with various lithographic patterning methods to develop new nanofabrication protocols and biological arrays. Nanoscale control over surface properties is of paramount importance to advance from 2D patterning to 3D fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Onclin
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Rill C, Glaser A, Foisner J, Hoffmann H, Friedbacher G. Temperature-dependent formation of octadecylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers on mica as studied by atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:6289-95. [PMID: 15982033 DOI: 10.1021/la0473052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the growth of octadecylsiloxane (ODS) self-assembled monolayers on mica. Freshly cleaved muscovite mica and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) dissolved in toluene (c = 1.0 mmol/L) have been used as substrate and precursor, respectively. The water content of the adsorption solution was between 14.6 and 16.6 mmol/L. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a temperature range between 5 and 45 degrees C, and the obtained submonolayer ODS films were characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Besides the morphology of the films, also information on the surface coverage has been obtained by quantitative evaluation of the AFM images. Depending on the temperature, evidence for both ordered and disordered expanded ODS phases has been found. The pronounced maximum in surface coverage--in contrast to adsorption on silicon substrates--at a temperature of about 27 degrees C and the different morphology of the submonolayer films as compared to silicon substrates could be explained in terms of a deposition, diffusion, and aggregation (DDA) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rill
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060 Wien, Austria
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Itano K, Choi J, Rubner MF. Mechanism of the pH-Induced Discontinuous Swelling/Deswelling Transitions of Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-Containing Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Harada Y, Girolami GS, Nuzzo RG. Growth kinetics and morphology of self-assembled monolayers formed by contact printing 7-octenyltrichlorosilane and octadecyltrichlorosilane on Si(100) wafers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:10878-10888. [PMID: 15568837 DOI: 10.1021/la040038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The growth kinetics and morphologies of self-assembled monolayers deposited by contact printing 7-octenyltrichlorosilane (OCT) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) on Si(100) were studied by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. We found that, for both OCT and OTS, full monolayers could be obtained at room temperature after printing times of 120-180 s; the printing-based monolayer assembly processes follow apparent Langmuir adsorption kinetics, with the measured film growth rates increasing both with the ambient humidity and with concentration of the ink used to load the stamp. At a dew point of 10 degrees C and an ink concentration (in toluene) of 50 mM, the observed film growth rate constant is 0.05 s(-)(1). When the printing was carried out at a lower ambient humidity (dew points of 1-3 degrees C), the measured rates of assembly were approximately a factor of 2 slower. Increasing the deposition temperature from 25 to 45 degrees C under these conditions increased the film growth rate only slightly. The morphology of the films depends on the identity of the ink. Uniform, high-coverage films could be obtained readily from the eight-carbon chain length adsorbate OCT, provided that the stamp was not overloaded with the ink; for high concentrations outside of the optimal range, the surface presented significant numbers of adsorbed particles ascribed, in part, to siloxane polymers formed by hydrolysis of the ink on the stamp before printing. In marked contrast, for the 18-carbon adsorbate OTS, the printed films always consisted of a mixture of a uniform monolayer plus adsorbed polysiloxane particles. The different film morphologies seen for OCT and OTS are proposed to result from the different transfer efficiencies of the organotrichlorosilane relative to polysiloxane hydrolysis products formed during the printing process. These transfer efficiencies exhibit sensitivities related to the permeation of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp by the silane reagents. Short-chain inks such as OCT evidently permeate the PDMS stamp more deeply than longer-chain inks such as OTS. This difference, and the different diffusion rates of ink vs oligomeric silane hydrolysis products, determines the film morphology obtained by contact printing. The mass transfer dynamics of the process thus yield surface layers derived from varying quantities of siloxane oligomers, which subsequently transfer to the substrate along with unhydrolyzed silane adsorbate during the printing step. The structural evolution of the contact-printed films so obtained is strikingly different from that of SAMs prepared by immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Harada
- Department of Chemistry and the Frederic Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Hiller J, Rubner MF. Reversible Molecular Memory and pH-Switchable Swelling Transitions in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025837o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeri'Ann Hiller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael F. Rubner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Merrett K, Cornelius RM, McClung WG, Unsworth LD, Sheardown H. Surface analysis methods for characterizing polymeric biomaterials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2003; 13:593-621. [PMID: 12182547 DOI: 10.1163/156856202320269111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Surface properties have an enormous effect on the success or failure of a biomaterial device, thus signifying the considerable importance of and the need for adequate characterization of the biomaterial surface. Microscopy techniques used in the analysis of biomaterial surfaces include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and confocal microscopy. Spectroscopic techniques include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared attenuated total reflection and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The measurement of contact angles, although one of the earlier techniques developed remains a very useful tool in the evaluation of surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. This paper provides a brief, easy to understand synopsis of these and other techniques including emerging techniques, which are proving useful in the analysis of the surface properties of polymeric biomaterials. Cautionary statements have been made, numerous authors referenced and examples used to show the specific type of information that can be acquired from the different techniques used in the characterization of polymeric biomaterials surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Merrett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kattner J, Hoffmann H. Simultaneous Determination of Thicknesses and Refractive Indices of Ultrathin Films by Multiple Incidence Medium Ellipsometry. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025722m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kattner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Helmuth Hoffmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Wien, Austria
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Vallant T, Brunner H, Kattner J, Mayer U, Hoffmann H, Leitner T, Friedbacher G, Schügerl G, Svagera R, Ebel M. Monolayer-Controlled Deposition of Silicon Oxide Films on Gold, Silicon, and Mica Substrates by Room-Temperature Adsorption and Oxidation of Alkylsiloxane Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vallant T, Simanko W, Brunner H, Mayer U, Hoffmann H, Schmid R, Kirchner K, Svagera R, Schügerl G, Ebel M. Comparing Reactivities of Metal Complexes in Solution and on Surfaces by IR Spectroscopy and Time-Resolved in Situ Ellipsometry. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om990340x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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