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Davies JF, Wilson KR. Raman Spectroscopy of Isotopic Water Diffusion in Ultraviscous, Glassy, and Gel States in Aerosol by Use of Optical Tweezers. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2361-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Davies
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94611, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94611, United States
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Berkemeier T, Steimer SS, Krieger UK, Peter T, Pöschl U, Ammann M, Shiraiwa M. Ozone uptake on glassy, semi-solid and liquid organic matter and the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12662-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00634e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-induced phase transition and formation of reactive oxygen intermediates are important processes in the heterogeneous ozonolysis of unsaturated organic compounds in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berkemeier
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Sarah S. Steimer
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry
- 5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
- ETH Zurich
| | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- ETH Zurich
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- ETH Zurich
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Markus Ammann
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry
- 5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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Li YJ, Liu P, Gong Z, Wang Y, Bateman AP, Bergoend C, Bertram AK, Martin ST. Chemical Reactivity and Liquid/Nonliquid States of Secondary Organic Material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13264-74. [PMID: 26465059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of secondary organic material (SOM) of variable viscosity, ranging from nonliquid to liquid physical states, was studied. The SOM, produced in aerosol form from terpenoid and aromatic precursor species, was reacted with ammonia at variable relative humidity (RH). The ammonium-to-organic mass ratio (MNH4+/MOrg) increased monotonically from <5% RH to a limiting value at a threshold RH, implicating a transition from particle reactivity limited by diffusion at low RH to one limited by other factors at higher RH. For the studied size distributions and reaction times, the transition corresponded to a diffusivity above 10-17.5 ± 0.5 m2 s-1. The threshold RH values for the transition were <5% RH for isoprene-derived SOM, 35-45% RH for SOM derived from α-pinene, toluene, m-xylene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and >90% for β-caryophyllene-derived SOM. The transition RH for reactivity differed in all cases from the transition RH of a nonliquid to a liquid state. For instance, for α-pinene-derived SOM the transition for chemical reactivity of 35-45% RH can be compared to the nonliquid to liquid transition of 65-90% RH. These differences imply that chemical transport models of atmospheric chemistry should not use the SOM liquid to nonliquid phase transition as one-to-one surrogates of SOM reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jie Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zhaoheng Gong
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adam P Bateman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Clara Bergoend
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon , Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Shiraiwa M, Zuend A, Bertram AK, Seinfeld JH. Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric aerosols: interplay of physical state, non-ideal mixing and morphology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11441-53. [PMID: 23748935 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols, comprising organic compounds and inorganic salts, play a key role in air quality and climate. Mounting evidence exists that these particles frequently exhibit phase separation into predominantly organic and aqueous electrolyte-rich phases. As well, the presence of amorphous semi-solid or glassy particle phases has been established. Using the canonical system of ammonium sulfate mixed with organics from the ozone oxidation of α-pinene, we illustrate theoretically the interplay of physical state, non-ideality, and particle morphology affecting aerosol mass concentration and the characteristic timescale of gas-particle mass transfer. Phase separation can significantly affect overall particle mass and chemical composition. Semi-solid or glassy phases can kinetically inhibit the partitioning of semivolatile components and hygroscopic growth, in contrast to the traditional assumption that organic compounds exist in quasi-instantaneous gas-particle equilibrium. These effects have significant implications for the interpretation of laboratory data and the development of improved atmospheric air quality and climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Shiraiwa M, Ammann M, Koop T, Pöschl U. Gas uptake and chemical aging of semisolid organic aerosol particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:11003-8. [PMID: 21690350 PMCID: PMC3131339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103045108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic substances can adopt an amorphous solid or semisolid state, influencing the rate of heterogeneous reactions and multiphase processes in atmospheric aerosols. Here we demonstrate how molecular diffusion in the condensed phase affects the gas uptake and chemical transformation of semisolid organic particles. Flow tube experiments show that the ozone uptake and oxidative aging of amorphous protein is kinetically limited by bulk diffusion. The reactive gas uptake exhibits a pronounced increase with relative humidity, which can be explained by a decrease of viscosity and increase of diffusivity due to hygroscopic water uptake transforming the amorphous organic matrix from a glassy to a semisolid state (moisture-induced phase transition). The reaction rate depends on the condensed phase diffusion coefficients of both the oxidant and the organic reactant molecules, which can be described by a kinetic multilayer flux model but not by the traditional resistor model approach of multiphase chemistry. The chemical lifetime of reactive compounds in atmospheric particles can increase from seconds to days as the rate of diffusion in semisolid phases can decrease by multiple orders of magnitude in response to low temperature or low relative humidity. The findings demonstrate that the occurrence and properties of amorphous semisolid phases challenge traditional views and require advanced formalisms for the description of organic particle formation and transformation in atmospheric models of aerosol effects on air quality, public health, and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; and
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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da Silva Meireles C, Rodrigues Filho G, de Assunção RMN, Cerqueira DA, Zeni M, Mello K, Lorenzi S. Production and characterization of membranes of recycled waste materials: Cellulose acetate, obtained from sugarcane bagasse with polystyrene from plastics cups. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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