1
|
Yan S, Regenstein JM, Zhang S, Huang Y, Qi B, Li Y. Edible particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions: Stabilization mechanisms, particle types, interfacial design, and practical applications. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
2
|
Meng Y, Nicolai T. The effect of the contact angle on particle stabilization and bridging in water-in-water emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:506-512. [PMID: 36764244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Water-in-water (W/W) emulsions formed by mixing incompatible polymers in aqueous solution can in some cases be stabilized by adding particles that adsorb spontaneously at the W/W interface. The importance of the contact angle of the particles with the interface on the stability of W/W emulsions is still an outstanding issue. We hypothesize that if the contact angle with the continuous phase is smaller than 90°, particles can bridge dispersed droplets, which enhances the stability of the emulsion. EXPERIMENTS The W/W emulsions consisted of a dispersed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) phase in a continuous dextran phase or vice versa. Gelatin microgels were added and their contact angle was varied by varying the pH. The morphology during aging was observed by microscopy. FINDINGS The contact angle of the microgels with the PEO phase varied between 110° close to neutral pH and 0° at pH 3 and pH 11. The W/W emulsions were stable only when the contact angle with the continuous phase was smaller than 90°. In this case, microgels could form bridges between dispersed droplets creating a network of droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Meng
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, 72085, cedex 9, Le Mans, France.
| | - Taco Nicolai
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, 72085, cedex 9, Le Mans, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Degoulange D, Pandya R, Deschamps M, Skiba D, Gallant B, Gigan S, de Aguiar H, Grimaud A. Direct imaging of micrometer-thick interfaces in salt-salt aqueous biphasic systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220662120. [PMID: 37068232 PMCID: PMC10151592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220662120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) formed between water and polar solvents, molecular understanding of the liquid-liquid interface formed for aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) is relatively limited and mostly relies on surface tension measurements and thermodynamic models. Here, high-resolution Raman imaging is used to provide spatial and chemical resolution of the interface of lithium chloride - lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide - water (LiCl-LiTFSI-water) and HCl-LiTFSI-water, prototypical salt-salt ABSs found in a range of electrochemical applications. The concentration profiles of both TFSI anions and water are found to be sigmoidal thus not showing any signs of a positive adsorption for both salts and solvent. More striking, however, is the length at which the concentration profiles extend, ranging from 11 to 2 µm with increasing concentrations, compared to a few nanometers for ITIES. We thus reveal that unlike ITIES, salt-salt ABSs do not have a molecularly sharp interface but rather form an interphase with a gradual change of environment from one phase to the other. This knowledge represents a major stepping-stone in the understanding of aqueous interfaces, key for mastering ion or electron transfer dynamics in a wide range of biological and technological settings including novel battery technologies such as membraneless redox flow and dual-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Degoulange
- Chimie du Solide et de l’Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France,75231 Cedex 05Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université,75006Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, CNRS FR3459,80039Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Raj Pandya
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France,75005Paris, France
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Deschamps
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, CNRS FR3459,80039Amiens Cedex, France
- CNRS, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation, UPR3079, Université d'Orléans,45071Orléans, France
| | - Dhyllan A. Skiba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Betar M. Gallant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France,75005Paris, France
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France,75005Paris, France
| | - Alexis Grimaud
- Chimie du Solide et de l’Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France,75231 Cedex 05Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université,75006Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, CNRS FR3459,80039Amiens Cedex, France
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zamani Z, Razavi SMA. Steady shear rheological properties, microstructure and stability of water in water emulsions made with basil seed gum and waxy corn starch or high pressure-treated waxy corn starch. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
5
|
You KM, Murray BS, Sarkar A. Tribology and rheology of water-in-water emulsions stabilized by whey protein microgels. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
6
|
Mudassir MA, Aslam HZ, Ansari TM, Zhang H, Hussain I. Fundamentals and Design-Led Synthesis of Emulsion-Templated Porous Materials for Environmental Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102540. [PMID: 34553500 PMCID: PMC8596121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion templating is at the forefront of producing a wide array of porous materials that offers interconnected porous structure, easy permeability, homogeneous flow-through, high diffusion rates, convective mass transfer, and direct accessibility to interact with atoms/ions/molecules throughout the exterior and interior of the bulk. These interesting features together with easily available ingredients, facile preparation methods, flexible pore-size tuning protocols, controlled surface modification strategies, good physicochemical and dimensional stability, lightweight, convenient processing and subsequent recovery, superior pollutants remediation/monitoring performance, and decent recyclability underscore the benchmark potential of the emulsion-templated porous materials in large-scale practical environmental applications. To this end, many research breakthroughs in emulsion templating technique witnessed by the recent achievements have been widely unfolded and currently being extensively explored to address many of the environmental challenges. Taking into account the burgeoning progress of the emulsion-templated porous materials in the environmental field, this review article provides a conceptual overview of emulsions and emulsion templating technique, sums up the general procedures to design and fabricate many state-of-the-art emulsion-templated porous materials, and presents a critical overview of their marked momentum in adsorption, separation, disinfection, catalysis/degradation, capture, and sensing of the inorganic, organic and biological contaminants in water and air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryKhwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT)Rahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hafiz Zohaib Aslam
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood Ansari
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nicolai T, Machado JPE. Effect of the Interfacial Tension on Droplet Association in Aqueous Multiphase Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5909-5915. [PMID: 33957754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS) were formed by mixtures of three or more incompatible water-soluble macromolecules. Droplets formed by different phases in the water-in-water emulsions were found to associate and their morphology was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. By analyzing the angles between different associated phases it was possible to determine the relative interfacial tensions between phases with respect to each other. In this manner, the relative interfacial tension of 15 different pairs of polymers solutions was determined. The effect of the total polymer concentration on the relative interfacial tensions was found to be small as long as mixing of the polymers in the phases was small. The effect of adding protein microgels was studied for systems where they adsorb at the interface between the phases. It is shown that protein microgels can in some cases stabilize associated droplets in suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taco Nicolai
- IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Le Mans cedex 9 72085, France
| | - João P E Machado
- IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Le Mans cedex 9 72085, France
- BioPol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bai L, Huan S, Zhao B, Zhu Y, Esquena J, Chen F, Gao G, Zussman E, Chu G, Rojas OJ. All-Aqueous Liquid Crystal Nanocellulose Emulsions with Permeable Interfacial Assembly. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13380-13390. [PMID: 32946222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of water-in-water liquid crystal emulsions with permeable colloidal assemblies. Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) spontaneously self-assemble into a helical arrangement with the coexistence of nonionic, hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran, whereas the two polymer solutions are thermodynamically incompatible. Stable water-in-water emulsions are easily prepared by mixing the respective CNC/polymer solutions, showing micrometric CNC/PEG dispersed droplets and a continuous CNC/dextran phase. With time, the resulting emulsion demixes into an upper, droplet-lean isotropic phase and a bottom, droplet-rich cholesteric phase. Owing to the osmotic pressure gradient between PEG and dextran phases, target transfer of cellulose nanoparticles occurs across the water/water interface to reassemble into a liquid crystal-in-liquid crystal emulsion with global cholesteric organization. The observed structural, optical, and temporal evolution confirm that the colloidal particles in the two immiscible phases experience short-range interactions and form long-range assemblies across the interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bin Zhao
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ya Zhu
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jordi Esquena
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Feng Chen
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Guang Gao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eyal Zussman
- NanoEngineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Guang Chu
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Ding P, Bakalis S, Zhang Z. Foamability in high viscous non-Newtonian aqueous two-phase systems composed of surfactant and polymer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Driving Forces of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Biological Systems. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090473. [PMID: 31510097 PMCID: PMC6770153 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of liquid–liquid phase separation in biological systems shows that this process is similar to the phase separation observed in aqueous two-phase systems formed by nonionic polymers, proteins, and polysaccharides. The emergence of interfacial tension is a necessary condition of phase separation. The situation in this regard is similar to that of phase separation in mixtures of partially miscible solvents. It is suggested that the evaluation of the effects of biological macromolecules on the solvent properties of aqueous media and the measurement of the interfacial tension as a function of these solvent properties may be more productive for gaining insights into the mechanism of liquid–liquid phase separation than the study of structural details of proteins and RNAs engaged in the process.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Supramolecular Compartmentalized Hydrogels via Polydopamine Particle-Stabilized Water-in-Water Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11141-11149. [PMID: 31373496 PMCID: PMC6748668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalized hydrogels constitute a significant research area, for example, for catalytic and biomedical applications. As presented here, a generic method is used for compartmentalization of supramolecular hydrogels by using water-in-water emulsions based on aqueous two-phase systems. By forming the supramolecular hydrogel throughout the continuous phase of all-aqueous emulsions, distinct, microcompartmentalized materials were created. The basis for the presented compartmentalized water-in-water hydrogels is polydopamine particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions from dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) led to supramolecular complexation with PEG and subsequent hydrogel formation showing no signs of creaming. Due to the supramolecular nature of the compartmentalized hydrogels, selective network cleavage could be induced via competing guest addition, while keeping the emulsion substructure intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zhang
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Lipowsky R, Dimova R. Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: From Phase Diagrams to Membrane Shape Transformations. Front Chem 2019; 7:213. [PMID: 31024898 PMCID: PMC6465328 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize recent studies on giant unilamellar vesicles enclosing aqueous polymer solutions of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), highlighting recent results from our groups. Phase separation occurs for these polymer solutions with concentration above a critical value at room temperature. We introduce approaches used for constructing the phase diagram of such aqueous two-phase system by titration, density and gel permeation chromatography measurements of the coexisting phases. The ultralow interfacial tension of the resulting water-water interface is investigated over a broad concentration range close to the critical point. The scaling exponent of the interfacial tension further away from the critical point agrees well with mean field theory, but close to this point, the behavior disagrees with the Ising value of 1.26. The latter discrepancy arises from the molar mass fractionation of dextran between coexisting phases. Upon encapsulation of the PEG–dextran system into giant vesicles followed by osmotic deflation, the vesicle membrane becomes completely or partially wetted by the aqueous phases, which is controlled by the phase behavior of the polymer mixture and the lipid composition. Deflation leads to a reduction of the vesicle volume and generates excess area of the membrane, which can induce interesting transformations of the vesicle morphology such as vesicle budding. More dramatically, the spontaneous formation of many membrane nanotubes protruding into the interior vesicle compartment reveals a substantial asymmetry and spontaneous curvature of the membrane segments in contact with the PEG-rich phase, arising from the asymmetric adsorption of polymer molecules onto the two leaflets of the bilayers. These membrane nanotubes explore the whole PEG-rich phase for the completely wetted membrane but adhere to the liquid-liquid interface as the membrane becomes partially wetted. Quantitative estimates of the spontaneous curvature are obtained by analyzing different aspects of the tubulated vesicles, which reflect the interplay between aqueous phase separation and spontaneous curvature. The underlying mechanism for the curvature generation is provided by the weak adsorption of PEG onto the lipid bilayers, with a small binding affinity of about 1.6 kBT per PEG chain. Our study builds a bridge between nanoscopic membrane shapes and membrane-polymer interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang J, Guo Z, Timmerman A, Grijpma D, Poot A. Enhanced mechanical and cell adhesive properties of photo-crosslinked PEG hydrogels by incorporation of gelatin in the networks. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:024102. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaf31b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Particle-based stabilization of water-in-water emulsions containing mixed biopolymers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Zhang J, Hwang J, Antonietti M, Schmidt BVKJ. Water-in-Water Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Polydopamine Particles and Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:204-211. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zhang
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jongkook Hwang
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khemissi H, Bassani H, Aschi A, Capron I, Benyahia L, Nicolai T. Exploiting Complex Formation between Polysaccharides and Protein Microgels To Influence Particle Stabilization of W/W Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11806-11813. [PMID: 30188131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein particles were complexed with polysaccharides, and the effect on their capacity to stabilize water-in-water (W/W) emulsions was investigated. Protein microgels were formed by heating aqueous solutions of whey protein isolate. The microgels were subsequently mixed with anionic or cationic polysaccharides: κ-carrageenan (κ-car) or chitosan, respectively. The molar mass and radius of the complexes formed in dilute microgel suspensions (40 mg/L) were characterized by light scattering techniques as a function of the pH and the composition. The structure and stability of complexes formed at a higher microgel concentration (3 g/L) were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found that small stable complexes can be formed with κ-car between pH 4.3 and pH 5.5 and with chitosan between pH 4.1 and pH 6.5, that is, both below and above the isoionic point of the microgels (pI = 5.0). Complexation with polysaccharides stabilized aqueous suspensions of microgels in the pH range where they flocculated in the absence of polysaccharides (4.3-5.5). W/W emulsions were produced by mixing dextran and poly(ethylene oxide) solutions. Microgels added to these emulsions spontaneously form a layer around the dispersed droplets, which inhibits coalescence to different extents depending on the conditions. The effect of complexation on the structure of the emulsions was investigated as a function of the pH. It is shown that stable liquid-like emulsions can be obtained in the pH range where emulsions containing only microgels flocculate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hela Khemissi
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS, Polymères, Colloïdes et Interfaces , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR99ES16 Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Molle et de la Modélisation Électromagnétique , Université de Tunis El Manar , 2092 Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Helen Bassani
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS, Polymères, Colloïdes et Interfaces , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Adel Aschi
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR99ES16 Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Molle et de la Modélisation Électromagnétique , Université de Tunis El Manar , 2092 Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Capron
- UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, INRA , F-44316 Nantes Cedex 3 , France
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS, Polymères, Colloïdes et Interfaces , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS, Polymères, Colloïdes et Interfaces , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ben Ayed E, Cochereau R, Dechancé C, Capron I, Nicolai T, Benyahia L. Water-In-Water Emulsion Gels Stabilized by Cellulose Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6887-6893. [PMID: 29779373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions were prepared by mixing dextran and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in water and adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The CNC formed a layer at the surface of the dispersed droplets formed by the PEO-rich phase. Excess CNC partitioned to the continuous dextran phase. Aggregation of CNC at different rates was induced by adding NaCl between 10 and 100 mM. In the presence of more than 2 g/L CNC, fast aggregation led to the formation of an emulsion gel showing no signs of creaming. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the emulgels were formed by a continuous network of CNC in which the randomly distributed droplets were embedded. The gel stiffness was measured with oscillatory shear rheology and found to increase strongly with increasing CNC concentration ( C). The dispersed droplets were elastically active and increased the gel stiffness at low C. However, up to C = 10 g/L, the yield stress was too small to inhibit the flow when the gels were tilted. At C < 2 g/L, creaming was observed until the network of connected droplets became sufficiently dense to be strong enough to resist buoyancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ben Ayed
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283 , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
- Faculty of Science of Sfax , University of Sfax , BP 1171-3000 Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Remy Cochereau
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283 , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Cyrille Dechancé
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283 , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Isabelle Capron
- UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, INRA , F-44316 Nantes , France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283 , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283 , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vis M, Blokhuis EM, Erné BH, Tromp RH, Lekkerkerker HNW. Interfacial Tension of Phase-Separated Polydisperse Mixed Polymer Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3354-3362. [PMID: 29257868 PMCID: PMC5890309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems provide oil-free alternatives in the formulation of emulsions in food and other applications. Theoretical interpretation of measurements on such systems, however, is complicated by the high polydispersity of the polymers. Here, phase diagrams of demixing and interfacial tensions are determined for aqueous solutions of two large polymers present in a mass ratio of 1:1, dextran (70 kDa) and nongelling gelatin (100 kDa), with or without further addition of smaller dextran molecules (20 kDa). Both in experiments and in calculations from Scheutjens-Fleer self-consistent field lattice theory, we find that small polymers decrease the interfacial tension at equal tie-line length in the phase diagram. After identifying the partial contributions of all chemical components to the interfacial tension, we conclude that excess water at the interface is partially displaced by small polymer molecules. An interpretation in terms of the Gibbs adsorption equation provides an instructive way to describe effects of polydispersity on the interfacial tension of demixed polymer solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vis
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
& Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar M. Blokhuis
- Colloid
and Interface Science, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben H. Erné
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Hans Tromp
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIZO
food research, Kernhemseweg
2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Henk N. W. Lekkerkerker
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moschakis T, Chantzos N, Biliaderis CG, Dickinson E. Microrheology and microstructure of water-in-water emulsions containing sodium caseinate and locust bean gum. Food Funct 2018; 9:2840-2852. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01412k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Employing in situ particle tracking microrheology to clarify the casein–locust bean gum interactions in a w/w emulsion system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moschakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- School of Agriculture
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Nikos Chantzos
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- School of Agriculture
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Costas G. Biliaderis
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- School of Agriculture
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Eric Dickinson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Tomašić V, Mihelj T. The review on properties of solid catanionic surfactants: Main applications and perspectives of new catanionic surfactants and compounds with catanionic assisted synthesis. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Tomašić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Mihelj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Norton JE, Gonzalez Espinosa Y, Watson RL, Spyropoulos F, Norton IT. Functional food microstructures for macronutrient release and delivery. Food Funct 2016; 6:663-78. [PMID: 25553863 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to understand the role of fat, protein and carbohydrate in human health, and also how foods containing and/or structured using these macronutrients can be designed so that they can have a positive impact on health. This may include a reduction in fat, salt or sugar, the protection and targeted release of micronutrients or active ingredients from/to particular parts of the digestive system, improvement of gastrointestinal health or satiety enhancing properties. Such foods can be designed with various macro- and microstructures that will impact on macronutrient release and delivery. These include simple and double emulsions, the use of Pickering particles and shells, nanoparticles, liposomes, gelled networks, fluid gels and gel particles, foams, self-assembled structures, and encapsulated systems. In order to design foods that deliver these benefits understanding of how these structures behave in the gastrointestinal tract is also required, which should involve utilising both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review aims to draw together research in these areas, by focusing on the current state of the art, but also exciting possibilities for future research and food development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Norton
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Freitas RA, Nicolai T, Chassenieux C, Benyahia L. Stabilization of Water-in-Water Emulsions by Polysaccharide-Coated Protein Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1227-1232. [PMID: 26757399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of mixtures of xyloglucan (XG) and amylopectin (AMP) in aqueous solution is presented. Water-in-water emulsions prepared from mixtures in the two-phase regime were studied in detail, and the interfacial tension was determined. It is shown that the emulsions can be stabilized by addition of β-lactoglobulin microgels (βLGm), but only at pH ≤ 5.0. Excess βLGm preferentially entered the AMP phase at pH > 5.0 and the XG phase at lower pH. The inversion was caused by adsorption of XG onto βLGm that started below pH 5.5. It is shown that modification of the surface of particles by coating with polysaccharides is a potential lever to control stabilization of water-in-water emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rilton A de Freitas
- IMMM, Polymères, Colloïds, Interfaces Department, UMR CNRS Université du Maine , 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
- BioPol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná , 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taco Nicolai
- IMMM, Polymères, Colloïds, Interfaces Department, UMR CNRS Université du Maine , 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Chassenieux
- IMMM, Polymères, Colloïds, Interfaces Department, UMR CNRS Université du Maine , 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- IMMM, Polymères, Colloïds, Interfaces Department, UMR CNRS Université du Maine , 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tromp RH, Tuinier R, Vis M. Polyelectrolytes adsorbed at water–water interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30931-30939. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial adsorption of polyelectrolytes provides a new strategy for the stabilization of water-in-water emulsions formed by incompatible polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hans Tromp
- NIZO food research
- The Netherlands
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CH Utrecht
| | - Mark Vis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vis M, Peters VFD, Blokhuis EM, Lekkerkerker HNW, Erné BH, Tromp RH. Effects of Electric Charge on the Interfacial Tension between Coexisting Aqueous Mixtures of Polyelectrolyte and Neutral Polymer. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vis
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent F. D. Peters
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar M. Blokhuis
- Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk N. W. Lekkerkerker
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben H. Erné
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Hans Tromp
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Kernhemseweg
2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vis M, Opdam J, van ’t Oor ISJ, Soligno G, van Roij R, Tromp RH, Erné BH. Water-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Nanoplates. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:965-968. [PMID: 35596465 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin plate-like colloidal particles are effective candidates for Pickering stabilization of water-in-water emulsions, a stabilization that is complicated by the thickness and ultralow tension of the water-water interface. Plate-like particles have the advantage of blocking much of the interface while simultaneously having a low mass. Additionally, the amount of blocked interface is practically independent of the equilibrium contact angle θ at which the water-water interface contacts the nanoplates. As a result, the adsorption of nanoplates is stronger than for spheres with the same maximal cross section, except if θ = 90°.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vis
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Opdam
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo S. J. van ’t Oor
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Soligno
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René van Roij
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Hans Tromp
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Kernhemseweg
2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Ben H. Erné
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vis M, Peters VFD, Blokhuis EM, Lekkerkerker HNW, Erné BH, Tromp RH. Decreased Interfacial Tension of Demixed Aqueous Polymer Solutions due to Charge. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:078303. [PMID: 26317748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electric charge at the water-water interface of demixed solutions of neutral polymer and polyelectrolyte decreases the already ultralow interfacial tension. This is demonstrated in experiments on aqueous mixtures of dextran (neutral) and nongelling fish gelatin (charged). Upon phase separation, electric charge and a potential difference develop spontaneously at the interface, decreasing the interfacial tension purely electrostatically in a way that can be accounted for quantitatively by Poisson-Boltzmann theory. Interfacial tension is a key property when it comes to manipulating the water-water interface, for instance to create novel water-in-water emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vis
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent F D Peters
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar M Blokhuis
- Colloid and Interface Science, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk N W Lekkerkerker
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben H Erné
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Hans Tromp
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Asano I, So S, Lodge TP. Location and Influence of Added Block Copolymers on the Droplet Size in Oil-in-Oil Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7488-7495. [PMID: 26134549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of added polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SO) copolymer on the stability of oil-in-oil (O/O) emulsions containing polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in chloroform (CHCl3) and directly visualized the location of SO in the emulsions by using dye-labeled SO (SO*) with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The emulsion formed by PS/PEG/CHCl3 = 14/6/80 (wt %) consisted of a droplet phase of PS in CHCl3 and a continuous phase containing PEG in CHCl3. SO*s with various molecular weights (Mn,SO) and volume fractions of the PS block in SO (fPS) were prepared via living anionic polymerization and subsequent end-esterification. The effect of SO on the droplet size in the emulsions was investigated as a function of both Mn,SO and fPS. Increasing Mn,SO and decreasing fPS were effective at reducing the droplet size down to less than 1 μm, which is 100 times smaller than in the absence of SO. The location of SO*s in the O/O emulsions was further investigated by CLSM. We found that the location of SO*s changed from the droplet interior to the liquid-liquid interface and then to the continuous phase with decreasing fPS. We discuss the possible mechanism in terms of the relation of SO* location to the droplet size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Asano
- §Chemicals Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 9-1, Oe-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8502, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vis M, Peters VFD, Erné BH, Tromp RH. Ion Entropy in Phase-Separated Aqueous Mixtures of Polyelectrolyte and Neutral Polymer. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vis
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent F. D. Peters
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben H. Erné
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Hans Tromp
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Kernhemseweg
2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nguyen BT, Wang W, Saunders BR, Benyahia L, Nicolai T. pH-responsive water-in-water Pickering emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3605-3611. [PMID: 25743065 DOI: 10.1021/la5049024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure and stability of water-in-water emulsions was investigated in the presence of spherical, pH-sensitive microgels. The emulsions were formed by mixing aqueous solutions of dextran and PEO. The microgels consisted of cross-linked, synthetic polymers with a radius that steeply increased from 60 to 220 nm with increasing pH within a narrow range around 7.0. At all pH values between 5.0 and 7.5, the microgels were preferentially situated at the interface, but only in a narrow range between pH 7.0 and 7.5, the emulsions were stable for at least 1 week. The droplet size was visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy and was found to be smallest in the stable pH range. Emulsions could be stabilized or destabilized by small changes of the pH. Addition of small amounts of salt led to a shift of the pH range where the emulsions were stable. The effects of varying the microgel concentration and the polymer composition were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bach T Nguyen
- †LUNAM, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, PCI, Le Mans, 72085 Cedex 9, France
| | - Wenkai Wang
- ‡School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Saunders
- ‡School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- †LUNAM, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, PCI, Le Mans, 72085 Cedex 9, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- †LUNAM, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, PCI, Le Mans, 72085 Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Grilo AL, Raquel Aires-Barros M, Azevedo AM. Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: Fundamentals, Applications and Trends. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2014.983128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
34
|
Vis M, Peters VFD, Tromp RH, Erné BH. Donnan potentials in aqueous phase-separated polymer mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5755-5762. [PMID: 24787578 DOI: 10.1021/la501068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach to texturize water is by the addition of mutually incompatible polymers, leading to phase separation. Here, we demonstrate that the phase stability of aqueous polymer solutions is affected not only by chemical differences between the polymers but also by their electric charge. Direct electrochemical measurements are performed of the electric potential difference between two coexisting phases in aqueous solutions of the charged protein fish gelatin (nongelling) and the uncharged polysaccharide dextran. Charge counteracts demixing because of the entropic cost of confining the counterions to one phase, resulting in a strong shift of the critical point upon an increase of the charge on one of the polymers. Upon phase separation, the charged polymer is spatially confined, and due to the Donnan effect, an interfacial electric potential is developed. A direct proportionality is found between this Donnan potential and the difference in gelatin concentration in the two phases, for which we propose a theoretical explanation. The electrostatics may provide a new handle in the development of stable water-in-water emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vis
- Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bridging benchtop research and industrial processed foods: Structuring of model food emulsions. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
36
|
Song Y, Sauret A, Cheung Shum H. All-aqueous multiphase microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:61301. [PMID: 24454609 PMCID: PMC3888457 DOI: 10.1063/1.4827916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Immiscible aqueous phases, formed by dissolving incompatible solutes in water, have been used in green chemical synthesis, molecular extraction and mimicking of cellular cytoplasm. Recently, a microfluidic approach has been introduced to generate all-aqueous emulsions and jets based on these immiscible aqueous phases; due to their biocompatibility, these all-aqueous structures have shown great promises as templates for fabricating biomaterials. The physico-chemical nature of interfaces between two immiscible aqueous phases leads to unique interfacial properties, such as an ultra-low interfacial tension. Strategies to manipulate components and direct their assembly at these interfaces needs to be explored. In this paper, we review progress on the topic over the past few years, with a focus on the fabrication and stabilization of all-aqueous structures in a multiphase microfluidic platform. We also discuss future efforts needed from the perspectives of fluidic physics, materials engineering, and biology for fulfilling potential applications ranging from materials fabrication to biomedical engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Alban Sauret
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Balakrishnan G, Nicolai T, Benyahia L, Durand D. Particles trapped at the droplet interface in water-in-water emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5921-6. [PMID: 22394211 DOI: 10.1021/la204825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-water emulsions were formed by mixing incompatible aqueous solutions of dextran and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the presence of latex or protein particles. It was found that particles with a radius as small as 0.1 μm become trapped at the interface between the PEO- and dextran-rich phases with interfacial tensions down to 10(-6) N/m. The particles were visualized at the interface of the emulsion droplets using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) allowing determination of the contact angle. Various degrees of coverage with particles could be observed. On densely covered droplets, the particles had a hexagonal crystalline order. At intermediate coverage, transient clustering of the particles was observed. The diffusion coefficient of the particles at the interface was determined using multiparticle tracking. Fusion of droplets was observed in all cases leading eventually to macroscopic phase separation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Li BZ, Wang LJ, Li D, Adhikari B, Mao ZH. Preparation and characterization of crosslinked starch microspheres using a two-stage water-in-water emulsion method. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
An overview is given about research activities in which aqueous two phase systems (ATPSs) are utilized in microfluidic setups. ATPSs consist of two immiscible aqueous phases and have traditionally been used for the separation and purification of biological material such as proteins or cells. Microfluidic implementations of such schemes are usually based on a number of co-flowing streams of immiscible phases in a microchannel, thereby replacing the standard batch by flow-through processes. Some aspects of the stability of such flow patterns and the recovery of the phases at the channel exit are reviewed. Furthermore, the diffusive mass transfer and sample partitioning between the phases are discussed, and corresponding applications are highlighted. When diffusion is superposed by an applied electric field normal to the liquid/liquid interface, the transport processes are accelerated, and under specific conditions the interface acts as a size-selective filter for molecules. Finally, the activities involving droplet microflows of ATPSs are reviewed. By either forming ATPS droplets in an organic phase or a droplet of one aqueous phase inside the other, a range of applications has been demonstrated, extending from separation/purification schemes to the patterning of surfaces covered with cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hardt
- Center of Smart Interfaces, TU Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 32, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
García MC, Alfaro MC, Calero N, Muñoz J. Influence of gellan gum concentration on the dynamic viscoelasticity and transient flow of fluid gels. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Frith WJ. Mixed biopolymer aqueous solutions--phase behaviour and rheology. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 161:48-60. [PMID: 19732861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mixed biopolymer solutions are found in many food systems and household products, and are also employed in industrial processes such as bio-separation and purification. They display a rich phase behaviour, ranging from association and precipitation to the more common segregative phase separation into two liquid phases. Understanding the underlying physics of their phase behaviour and of the rheology-morphology relationships of the resulting phases is a topic of interest and importance in terms of being able to reliably design and produce products containing mixed biopolymer solutions and predicting their behaviour. The science of mixed biopolymer solutions is complicated by the fact that they are ternary systems, typically comprising mostly water, and that the biopolymers themselves are liable to structural transitions such as gelation. Both of these factors can play an important role in the phase behaviour of the mixtures, and the morphology of the resulting phases. In the following, an introduction is given to the physics of mixed biopolymer solutions and the behaviour of their phases, with a view to highlighting the unique aspects of such materials in comparison to other liquid-liquid mixtures, such as emulsions and polymer blends, and also the more interesting topics for future research in these fascinating materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Frith
- Unilever Discover Colworth, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Lü T, Shan G. Modeling of two-phase polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) solution. AIChE J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
44
|
Jones OG, McClements DJ. Functional Biopolymer Particles: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:374-397. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Erni P, Cramer C, Marti I, Windhab EJ, Fischer P. Continuous flow structuring of anisotropic biopolymer particles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 150:16-26. [PMID: 19481192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We review concepts and provide examples for the controlled structuring of biopolymer particles in hydrodynamic flow fields. The structuring concepts are grouped by the physical mechanisms governing drop deformation and shaping: (i) capillary structuring, (ii) shear and elongational structuring and (iii) confined flow methods. Non-spherical drops can be permanently structured if a solidification process, such as gelation or glass formation in the bulk or at the interface, is superimposed to the flow field. The physical and engineering properties of these processes critically depend on an elaborate balance between capillary phenomena, rheology, gel or glass formation kinetics, and bulk heat, mass and momentum transfer in multiphase fluids. This overview is motivated by the potential of non-spherical suspension particles, in particular those formed from 'natural' and 'sustainable' biopolymers, as rheology modifiers in food materials, consumer products, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
|
46
|
ZHANG J, DAUBERT C, MULLIGAN J, FOEGEDING E. ADDITIVE EFFECTS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ALGINATE GELS. J Texture Stud 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2008.00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Kasapis S. Phase Separation in Biopolymer Gels: A Low- to High-Solid Exploration of Structural Morphology and Functionality. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 48:341-59. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390701347769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
48
|
Tromp RH, De Hoog EHA. Band formation on shearing in phase-separated polymer solutions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:031503. [PMID: 18517384 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.031503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In a phase-separated mixture of two Newtonian polymer solutions sheared in a cone-plate geometry adapted for microscopic observation at a zero-velocity plane, shear-induced coalescence of droplets of the broken-up phase, followed by band formation, was observed. Initially wormlike structures developed into doughnut-shaped bands, disconnected from the walls of the geometry. The shear rate and composition inside the bands differed from that in the outside solution. The shear-shear rate instability preceding the band formation could be qualitatively described by a van der Waals-loop-shaped shear rate dependence of droplet deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hans Tromp
- NIZO Food Research, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Spyropoulos F, Ding P, Frith W, Norton I, Wolf B, Pacek A. Interfacial tension in aqueous biopolymer–surfactant mixtures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 317:604-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
50
|
Tromp RH, Lindhoud S. Arrested segregative phase separation in capillary tubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:031604. [PMID: 17025640 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.031604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation in a capillary tube with one of the phases fully wetting the capillary wall is arrested when the typical size of the phase domains reaches the value of the diameter of the tube. The arrested state consists of an alternating sequence of concave-capped and convex-capped cylindrical domains, called "plugs," "bridges," or "lenses," of wetting and nonwetting phase, respectively. A description of this arrested plug state for an aqueous mixture of two polymer solutions is the subject of this work. A phase separating system consisting of two incompatible polymers dissolved in water was studied. The phase volume ratio was close to unity. The initial state from which plugs evolve is characterized by droplets of wetting phase in a continuous nonwetting phase. Experiments show the formation of plugs by a pathway that differs from the theoretically well-described instabilities in the thickness of a fluid thread inside a confined fluid cylinder. Plugs appear to form after the wetting layer (the confined fluid cylinder) has become unstable after merging of droplet with the wetting layer. The relative density of the phases could be set by the addition of salt, enabling density matching. As a consequence, the capillary length can in principle be made infinitely large and the Bond number (which represents the force of gravity relative to the capillary force) zero, without considerably changing the interfacial tension. Using the possibility of density matching, the relations among capillary length and capillary diameter on the one hand, and the presence of plugs and their average size on the other were studied. It was found that stable plugs are present when the capillary radius does not exceed a certain value, which is probably smaller than the capillary length. However, the average plug size is independent of capillary length. At constant capillary length, average plug size was found to scale with the capillary diameter to a power 1.3, significantly higher than the expected value of 1. Plug sizes had a polydispersity between 1.1 and 1.2 for all capillary radii for which this number could be reliably determined, suggesting a universal plug size distribution. Within plug sequences, size correlations were found between plugs with one to three plugs in between. This suggests the presence of an additional length scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hans Tromp
- NIZO Food Research, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|