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12th IFDC Special Issue – Prioritizing commonly consumed traditional dishes of southeast Nigeria for comprehensive analyses and inclusion in food composition database. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shim JS, Lee JS, Kim KN, Lee HS, Kim HY, Chang MJ. Selection of key foods for the systematic management of a food and nutrient composition database. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:500-506. [PMID: 29209461 PMCID: PMC5712501 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Food composition databases are necessary for assessing dietary intakes. Developing and maintaining a high quality database is difficult because of the high cost of analyzing nutrient profiles and the recent fast-changing food marketplace. Thus, priorities have to be set for developing and updating the database. We aimed to identify key foods in the Korean diet to set priorities for future analysis of foods. SUBJECTS/METHODS modified the US Department of Agriculture's key food approach. First, major foods were analyzed, contributing to 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of each nutrient intake. Second, the cumulative contributions to nutrient intakes were compared before and after excluding the foods least commonly consumed by individuals. Third, total nutrient score for each food was calculated by summing all percent contributions times 100 for nutrients. To set priorities among the foods in the list, we sorted the score in descending order and then compared total percent contributions of foods, within the 100, 90, 85, 80, and 75 percentiles of the list. Finally, we selected the minimum list of foods contributing to at least 90% of the key nutrient intake as key items for analysis. RESULTS Among the 1,575 foods consumed by individuals, 456 were selected as key foods. Those foods were chosen as items above the 80 percentile of the total nutrient score, among the foods contributing at least 85% of any nutrient intake. On an average, the selected key foods contributed to more than 90% of key nutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS In total, 456 foods, contributing at least 90% of the key nutrient intake, were selected as key foods. This approach to select a minimum list of key foods will be helpful for systematically updating and revising food composition databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jung-Sug Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Ki Nam Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yongin University, Gyeonggi 17092, Korea
| | - Moon-Jeong Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea
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Sammán NC, Gimenez MA, Bassett N, Lobo MO, Marcoleri ME. Validation of a sampling plan to generate food composition data. Food Chem 2016; 193:141-7. [PMID: 26433300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A methodology to develop systematic plans for food sampling was proposed. Long life whole and skimmed milk, and sunflower oil were selected to validate the methodology in Argentina. Fatty acid profile in all foods, proximal composition, and calcium's content in milk were determined with AOAC methods. The number of samples (n) was calculated applying Cochran's formula with variation coefficients ⩽12% and an estimate error (r) maximum permissible ⩽5% for calcium content in milks and unsaturated fatty acids in oil. n were 9, 11 and 21 for long life whole and skimmed milk, and sunflower oil respectively. Sample units were randomly collected from production sites and sent to labs. Calculated r with experimental data was ⩽10%, indicating high accuracy in the determination of analyte content of greater variability and reliability of the proposed sampling plan. The methodology is an adequate and useful tool to develop sampling plans for food composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Sammán
- Departamento de Agroindustrias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avenida Italia esq. Martiarena, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina.
| | - M A Gimenez
- Departamento de Agroindustrias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avenida Italia esq. Martiarena, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina
| | - N Bassett
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán - CONICET, Argentina
| | - M O Lobo
- Departamento de Agroindustrias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avenida Italia esq. Martiarena, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina
| | - M E Marcoleri
- Departamento de Agroindustrias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avenida Italia esq. Martiarena, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina
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Trainer D, Pehrsson P, Haytowitz D, Holden J, Phillips K, Rasor A, Conley N. Development of sample handling procedures for foods under USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program. J Food Compost Anal 2010; 23:843-851. [PMID: 21516233 PMCID: PMC3079229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was implemented in 1997 to update and improve the quality of food composition data maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NFNAP was designed to sample and analyze frequently consumed foods in the U.S. food supply using statistically rigorous sampling plans, established sample handling procedures, and qualified analytical laboratories. Methods for careful handling of food samples from acquisition to analysis were developed to ensure the integrity of the samples and subsequent generation of accurate nutrient values. The infrastructure of NFNAP, under which over 1500 foods have been sampled, mandates tested sample handling protocols for a wide variety of foods. The majority of these foods were categorized into several major areas: 1) frozen foods; 2) fresh produce and/or highly perishable foods requiring refrigeration; 3) fast foods and prepared foods; 4) shelf-stable foods; 5) specialized study and non-retail (point of production) foods; and 6) foods from remote areas (e.g. American Indian reservations). This paper describes the sample handling approaches, from the collection and receipt of the food items to the preparation of the analytical samples, with emphasis on the strategies developed for those foods. It provides a foundation for developing sample handling protocols of foods to be analyzed under NFNAP and for other researchers working on similar projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Trainer
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - P.R. Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - D.B. Haytowitz
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - J.M. Holden
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - K.M. Phillips
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - A.S. Rasor
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - N.A. Conley
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed South African fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, fats/oils and beverages. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Haytowitz DB, Pehrsson PR, Holden JM. The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program: A decade of progress. J Food Compost Anal 2008; 21:S94-S102. [PMID: 19578546 PMCID: PMC2704478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was designed to expand the quantity and improve the quality of data in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) food composition databases through the collection and analysis of nationally representative samples of foods and beverages. This paper describes some of the findings from the NFNAP and its impact on the food composition databases produced by USDA. The NFNAP employs statistically valid sampling plans, comprehensive quality control, and USDA analytical oversight as part of the program to generate new and updated analytical data for food components. USDA food consumption and composition data were used to target those foods that are major contributors of nutrients of public health significance to the U.S. diet (454 Key Foods). Foods were ranked using a scoring system, divided into quartiles, and reviewed to determine the impact of changes in their composition compared to historical values. Foods were purchased from several types of locations, such as retail outlets and fast food restaurants in different geographic areas as determined by the sampling plan, then composited and sent for analysis to commercial laboratories and cooperators, along with quality control materials. Comparisons were made to assess differences between new NFNAP means generated from original analytical data and historical means. Recently generated results for nationally representative food samples show marked changes compared to database values for selected nutrients from unknown or non-representative sampling. A number of changes were observed in many high consumption foods, e.g. the vitamin A value for cooked carrots decreased from 1,225 to 860 RAE/100g; the fat value for fast food French fried potatoes increased by 13% (14.08 to 17.06 g/100g). Trans fatty acids in margarine have decreased as companies reformulate their products in response to the required addition of trans fatty acids content on the nutrition label. Values decreased from 19.7 g/100 in 2002 to 14.8 g/100 in 2006 for 80%-fat stick margarines and to 4.52 g/100 g for 80%-fat tub margarines. These changes reflect improved strategies for sampling and analysis of representative food samples, which enhance the reliability of nutrient estimates for Key Foods and subsequent assessments of nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Haytowitz
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 005, Rm 107, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Phillips KM, Patterson KY, Rasor AS, Exler J, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM, Pehrsson PR. Quality-control materials in the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP). Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1341-55. [PMID: 16501956 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) develops and maintains the USDA National Nutrient Databank System (NDBS). Data are released from the NDBS for scientific and public use through the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) ( http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl ). In 1997 the NDL initiated the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to update and expand its food-composition data. The program included: 1) nationwide probability-based sampling of foods; 2) central processing and archiving of food samples; 3) analysis of food components at commercial, government, and university laboratories; 4) incorporation of new analytical data into the NDBS; and 5) dissemination of these data to the scientific community. A key feature and strength of the NFNAP was a rigorous quality-control program that enabled independent verification of the accuracy and precision of analytical results. Custom-made food-control composites and/or commercially available certified reference materials were sent to the laboratories, blinded, with the samples. Data for these materials were essential to ongoing monitoring of analytical work, to identify and resolve suspected analytical problems, to ensure the accuracy and precision of results for the NFNAP food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Phillips
- Biochemistry Department (0308), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Ashraf-Khorassani M. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:9436-45. [PMID: 16302759 DOI: 10.1021/jf051505h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols were quantified in nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. Total lipid extracts were subjected to acid hydrolysis and then alkaline saponfication, and free sterols were analyzed as trimethylsilyl derivatives by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. Delta5-Avenasterol was quantified after alkaline saponification plus direct analysis of the glucoside. Sesame seed and wheat germ had the highest total phytosterol content (400-413 mg/100 g) and Brazil nuts the lowest (95 mg/100 g). Of the products typically consumed as snack foods, pistachio and sunflower kernel were richest in phytosterols (270-289 mg/100 g). beta-Sitosterol, Delta5-avenasterol, and campesterol were predominant. Campestanol ranged from 1.0 to 12.7 mg/100 g. Only 13 mg/100 g beta-sitosterol was found in pumpkin seed kernel, although total sterol content was high (265 mg/100 g). Phytosterol concentrations were greater than reported in existing food composition databases, probably due to the inclusion of steryl glycosides, which represent a significant portion of total sterols in nuts and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Phillips
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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Research science, regulatory science, and nutrient databases: achieving an optimal convergence Capstone Lecture. J Food Compost Anal 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-1575(03)00054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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