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Oda T, Tamura N, Ide R, Kawai K, Narumi M, Matsumoto M, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y, Furuta-Isomura N, Yaguchi C, Uchida T, Suzuki K, Kanayama N, Itoh H. Postpartum acute myometritis suppresses expression of contraction-associated proteins in the gravid uterus. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104299. [PMID: 39002426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Uterine atony is a major contributor to postpartum hemorrhage. We previously proposed the novel histological concept of postpartum acute myometritis (PAM) to elucidate the pathophysiology of uterine atony. This concept involves the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as mast cell and complement activation in the myometrium. However, the pathological mechanism underlying uterine atony in the context of PAM remains unclear. Herein, we focused on uterine contraction-associated proteins (CAPs) including connexin 43 (Cx43), oxytocin receptors (OXR), prostaglandin receptors EP1, EP3, FP, and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1. This follow-up study aimed to compare CAP expression between PAM and control groups. We selected 38 PAM subjects from the cases enrolled in our amniotic fluid embolism registry between 2011 and 2018. Control tissues from 10 parturients were collected during cesarean section. We stained the myometrial tissues with the following CAP markers, inflammatory cell markers, and other markers: Cx43, OXR, EP1, EP3, FP, PAR-1, C5a receptor, tryptase, neutrophil elastase, CD68, β-actin, and Na+/K+-ATPase. The immunostaining-positive areas of Cx43, OXR, EP1, EP3, and FP standardized by β-actin in the PAM tissue were significantly smaller than in the control group, whereas those of PAR-1 and Na+/K+-ATPase increased significantly in the PAM group. The Cx43- and OXR-positive areas correlated negatively with the immunostaining-positive cell numbers of CD68 and tryptase with halo, respectively. PAM may impair individual and synchronized myocyte contraction, leading to uterine atony refractory to uterotonics. Further cell-based studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which inflammatory cells suppress CAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Oda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Naoaki Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Rui Ide
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Megumi Narumi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomi Furuta-Isomura
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chizuko Yaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Reisqs JB, Qu YS, Boutjdir M. Ion channel trafficking implications in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1351496. [PMID: 38420267 PMCID: PMC10899472 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1351496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is recognized as an epidemic in the contemporary world, impacting around 1%-2% of the adult population and affecting around 6 million Americans. HF remains a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. Several therapies are used to treat HF and improve the survival of patients; however, despite these substantial improvements in treating HF, the incidence of HF is increasing rapidly, posing a significant burden to human health. The total cost of care for HF is USD 69.8 billion in 2023, warranting a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in HF. Among the most serious manifestations associated with HF is arrhythmia due to the electrophysiological changes within the cardiomyocyte. Among these electrophysiological changes, disruptions in sodium and potassium currents' function and trafficking, as well as calcium handling, all of which impact arrhythmia in HF. The mechanisms responsible for the trafficking, anchoring, organization, and recycling of ion channels at the plasma membrane seem to be significant contributors to ion channels dysfunction in HF. Variants, microtubule alterations, or disturbances of anchoring proteins lead to ion channel trafficking defects and the alteration of the cardiomyocyte's electrophysiology. Understanding the mechanisms of ion channels trafficking could provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HF. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in ion channel trafficking in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Reisqs
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yongxia Sarah Qu
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Sykora M, Kratky V, Cervenka L, Kopkan L, Tribulova N, Szeiffova Bacova B. The treatment with trandolapril and losartan attenuates pressure and volume overload alternations of cardiac connexin-43 and extracellular matrix in Ren-2 transgenic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20923. [PMID: 38017033 PMCID: PMC10684879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is life-threatening disease due to electro-mechanical dysfunction associated with hemodynamic overload, while alterations of extracellular matrix (ECM) along with perturbed connexin-43 (Cx43) might be key factors involved. We aimed to explore a dual impact of pressure, and volume overload due to aorto-caval fistula (ACF) on Cx43 and ECM as well as effect of renin-angiotensin blockade. Hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) and normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats (HSD) that underwent ACF were treated for 15-weeks with trandolapril or losartan. Blood serum and heart tissue samples of the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV) were used for analyses. ACF-HF increased RV, LV and lung mass in HSD and to lesser extent in TGR, while treatment attenuated it and normalized serum ANP, BNP-45 and TBARS. Cx43 protein and its ser368 variant along with PKCε were lower in TGR vs HSD and suppressed in both rat strains due to ACF but prevented more by trandolapril. Pro-hypertrophic PKCδ, collagen I and hydroxyproline were elevated in TGR and increased due to ACF in both rat strains. While SMAD2/3 and MMP2 levels were lower in TGR vs HSD and reduced due to ACF in both strains. Findings point out the strain-related differences in response to volume overload. Disorders of Cx43 and ECM signalling may contribute not only to HF but also to the formation of arrhythmogenic substrate. There is benefit of treatment with trandolapril and losartan indicating their pleiotropic anti-arrhythmic potential. It may provide novel input to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Huang TC, Lo LW, Chou YH, Lin WL, Chang SL, Lin YJ, Liu SH, Cheng WH, Liu PY, Chen SA. Renal denervation reverses ventricular structural and functional remodeling in failing rabbit hearts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8664. [PMID: 37248400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal denervation (RDN) suppresses the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and inflammatory cytokines, leading to the prevention of cardiac remodeling. Limited studies have reported the effects of renal denervation on ventricular electrophysiology. We aimed to use optical mapping to evaluate the effect of RDN on ventricular structural and electrical remodeling in a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy rabbit model. Eighteen rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: sham control group (n = 5), renal denervation group receiving RDN (n = 5), heart failure group receiving rapid ventricular pacing for 1 month (n = 4), and RDN-heart failure group (n = 4). Rabbit hearts were harvested for optical mapping. Different cycle lengths were paced (400, 300, 250, 200, and 150 ms), and the results were analyzed. In optical mapping, the heart failure group had a significantly slower epicardial ventricular conduction velocity than the other three groups. The RDN-heart failure, sham control, and RDN groups had similar velocities. We then analyzed the 80% action potential duration at different pacing cycle lengths, which showed a shorter action potential duration as cycle length decreased (P for trend < 0.01), which was consistent across all groups. The heart failure group had a significantly longer action potential duration than the sham control and RDN groups. Action potential duration was shorter in the RDN-heart failure group than the heart failure group (P < 0.05). Reduction of conduction velocity and prolongation of action potential duration are significant hallmarks of heart failure, and RDN reverses these remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hui Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lin Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Welcome MO, Dogo D, Nikos E Mastorakis. Cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways linking bitter taste receptor signalling to cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:89-117. [PMID: 36471190 PMCID: PMC9734786 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases and related complications constitute a leading cause of death and socioeconomic threat worldwide. Despite intense efforts and research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. Several lines of evidence indicate a critical role of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the development and progression of heart diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular machinery that drives cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress is not completely known. Recent data suggest an important role of cardiac bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in the pathogenetic mechanism of heart diseases. Independent groups of researchers have demonstrated a central role of TAS2Rs in mediating inflammatory, oxidative stress responses, autophagy, impulse generation/propagation and contractile activities in the heart, suggesting that dysfunctional TAS2R signalling may predispose to cardiac inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, characterised by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia. Moreover, cardiac TAS2Rs act as gateway surveillance units that monitor and detect toxigenic or pathogenic molecules, including microbial components, and initiate responses that ultimately culminate in protection of the host against the aggression. Unfortunately, however, the molecular mechanisms that link TAS2R sensing of the cardiac milieu to inflammatory and oxidative stress responses are not clearly known. Therefore, we sought to review the possible role of TAS2R signalling in the pathophysiology of cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Potential therapeutic significance of targeting TAS2R or its downstream signalling molecules in cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681 Cadastral Zone, C-00 Research and Institution Area, Jabi Airport Road Bypass, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Dilli Dogo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nikos E Mastorakis
- Technical University of Sofia, Klement Ohridksi 8, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
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6
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Pun R, Kim MH, North BJ. Role of Connexin 43 phosphorylation on Serine-368 by PKC in cardiac function and disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1080131. [PMID: 36712244 PMCID: PMC9877470 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1080131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication mediated by gap junction channels and hemichannels composed of Connexin 43 (Cx43) is vital for the propagation of electrical impulses through cardiomyocytes. The carboxyl terminal tail of Cx43 undergoes various post-translational modifications including phosphorylation of its Serine-368 (S368) residue. Protein Kinase C isozymes directly phosphorylate S368 to alter Cx43 function and stability through inducing conformational changes affecting channel permeability or promoting internalization and degradation to reduce intercellular communication between cardiomyocytes. Recent studies have implicated this PKC/Cx43-pS368 circuit in several cardiac-associated diseases. In this review, we describe the molecular and cellular basis of PKC-mediated Cx43 phosphorylation and discuss the implications of Cx43 S368 phosphorylation in the context of various cardiac diseases, such as cardiomyopathy, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renju Pun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michael H. Kim
- CHI Health Heart Institute, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Brian J. North
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States,*Correspondence: Brian J. North,
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Dapagliflozin Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9687345. [PMID: 35928916 PMCID: PMC9345717 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9687345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Dapagliflozin can significantly improve heart failure, and Cx43 is one of the molecular mechanisms of heart failure. This study investigated the effect of dapagliflozin on Cx43 and Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in ventricular myocytes. Methods A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin, and the animals were treated randomly with dapagliflozin. The morphological changes of the myocardium were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining, and the expression and distribution of Cx43 in ventricular myocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry. And Western blot determined the expressions of Cx43, Akt, mTOR, p62, and LC3 proteins in rat myocardium. Results Compared with the normal control group, the heart rate of diabetic rats decreased significantly (p < 0.05), QRS wave of ECG widened, and QT interval prolonged (p < 0.05). Dapagliflozin treatment in diabetic rats resulted in improvements in these ECG indexes (p < 0.05) with early administration group obtaining greater efficacy than the late administration group (p < 0.05). In the normal control group, the cardiomyocytes were arranged orderly, and the expression of Cx43 was dense, uniform, and regular, which was higher than that in the intercalated disc. In the diabetic control model group, the cardiomyocytes were enlarged and presented disorderly with detection of Cx43 in the cytoplasm. Early use of dapagliflozin better improved these myocardial tissue lesions. Of note, as diabetic rats exhibited decreased expression of Cx43, Akt, and mTOR (p < 0.05), increased p62 expression (p < 0.05), and decreased LC3-II/I ratio (p < 0.05), administration of dapagliflozin partially reversed the expression of the above proteins (p < 0.05) with greater improvement in the early administration group compared with the late administration group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Dapagliflozin increases the expression of Cx43 in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats and thereby alleviates heart failure partly through regulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Billur D, Olgar Y, Turan B. Intracellular Redistribution of Left Ventricular Connexin 43 Contributes to the Remodeling of Electrical Properties of the Heart in Insulin-resistant Elderly Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:447-462. [PMID: 35608408 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between long-QT and connexin 43 (Cx43) status and localization in elderly rats was determined to demonstrate a correlation between insulin resistance (I-R), ischemia-reperfusion, aging, and heart dysfunction. Male Wistar rats are grouped as 24-month-old rats (Aged-group), those with metabolic syndrome (8 months old; MetS-group), or controls (8 months old; Con-group). Both experimental groups have long-QT and low heart rate. Immunohistochemical imaging and quantification showed marked decreases in Cx43 staining of intercalated disc with less localizations in the Aged-group and MetS-group. The lateralization of Cx43 on longitudinal cell membrane was significantly high in the MetS-group than in the Con-group with no significant change in the Aged-group. Its significant cytoplasmic internalization was higher in the Aged-group than in the MetS-group. There were marked decreases in phospho-Cx43 (pCx43) staining of intercalated disc with less localizations in both groups than in the Con-group. Furthermore, lateralization of pCx43 was significantly low in the Aged-group and MetS-group, whereas there were no significant changes in the cytoplasmic internalization of both groups compared with the Con-group. Furthermore, the ratio of pCx43 to Cx43 was significantly small in both groups. We determined increases in RhoA and endothelin-1 in both groups, further supporting decreases in pCx43. Our data indicate the important role of I-R on long-QT in aging heart through alterations in both Cx43 protein level and localizations, leading to an abnormal spreading of ventricular repolarization in I-R heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics.,Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang S, Fan Y, Zheng B, Wang Y, Miao C, Su Y, Li K, E. Y, Wang X, He X, Wu X, Xu C, Tang Y, Liu WT, Kong X, Hu L. Bilirubin Improves Gap Junction to Alleviate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Regulating AMPK-Axl-SOCS3-Cx43 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828890. [PMID: 35548345 PMCID: PMC9082937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin induces severe cardiotoxicity, accompanied by the high level of bilirubin in the blood. The conventional wisdom is that bilirubin is considered as a marker of liver damage. By contrast, here we aim to explore the potential protective effect of bilirubin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and investigate the mechanism for drug development. Doxorubicin was used to establish cardiotoxicity model in vitro and in vivo. The electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography and molecular biological methods were used to detect the effects of bilirubin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Consecutive intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin for 7 days significantly attenuated doxorubicin-induced arrhythmia, prolonged survival time and reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) in mice. Bilirubin also markedly inhibited doxorubicin-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and connexin 43 (Cx43), and improved gap junction function in vitro and in vivo. In addition, bilirubin activated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and induced suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression, which was abolished by Axl inhibition. Moreover, pretreatment with AMPK agonist or AMPK inhibitor could mimic or abolish the cardioprotective effect of bilirubin on H9C2 cells in vitro, respectively. Altogether, bilirubin upregulates gap junctions' function to protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating AMPK-Axl-SOCS3 signaling axis. We enrich the physiological function of bilirubin, and provide theoretical support for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinghua People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Miao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan E.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xueming He
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sorrentino A, Bagwan N, Linscheid N, Poulsen PC, Kahnert K, Thomsen MB, Delmar M, Lundby A. Beta-blocker/ACE inhibitor therapy differentially impacts the steady state signaling landscape of failing and non-failing hearts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4760. [PMID: 35306519 PMCID: PMC8934364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a multifactorial disease that affects an estimated 38 million people worldwide. Current pharmacotherapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) includes combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and β-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-AR blockers), a therapy also used as treatment for non-cardiac conditions. Our knowledge of the molecular changes accompanying treatment with ACEi and β-AR blockers is limited. Here, we applied proteomics and phosphoproteomics approaches to profile the global changes in protein abundance and phosphorylation state in cardiac left ventricles consequent to combination therapy of β-AR blocker and ACE inhibitor in HFrEF and control hearts. The phosphorylation changes induced by treatment were profoundly different for failing than for non-failing hearts. HFrEF was characterized by profound downregulation of mitochondrial proteins coupled with derangement of β-adrenergic and pyruvate dehydrogenase signaling. Upon treatment, phosphorylation changes consequent to HFrEF were reversed. In control hearts, treatment mainly led to downregulation of canonical PKA signaling. The observation of divergent signaling outcomes depending on disease state underscores the importance of evaluating drug effects within the context of the specific conditions present in the recipient heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Navratan Bagwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nora Linscheid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pi C Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Kahnert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Morten B Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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11
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Optogenetic Control of Engrafted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Live Mice: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060951. [PMID: 35326403 PMCID: PMC8946017 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cellular transplantation has emerged as promising approach for treating cardiac diseases. However, a poor engraftment rate limits our understanding on how transplanted cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac function in the recipient’s heart. Methods: The CRISPR/Cas9 technique was employed for stable and constitutive gene expression in human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Myocardial infarction was induced in adult immunodeficient mice, followed by intramyocardial injection of hiPSC-CMs expressing either CCND2/channelrhodopsin 2 (hiPSC-CCND2OE/ChR2OECMs) or CCND2/luciferase (hiPSC-CCND2OE/LuciOECMs). Six months later, hemodynamics and intramural electrocardiogram were recorded upon blue light illuminations in anesthetized, open-chest mice. Results: Blue light resets automaticity of spontaneously beating hiPSC-CCND2OE/ChR2OECMs in culture, but not that of hiPSC-CCND2OE/LuciOECMs. Response to blue light was also observed in mice carrying large (>106 cells) intracardiac grafts of hiPSC-CCND2OE/ChR2OECM but not in mice carrying hiPSC-CCND2OE/LuciOECMs. The former exhibited single premature ventricular contractions upon light illumination or ventricular quadrigeminy upon second-long illuminations. At the onset of premature ventricular contractions, maximal systolic ventricular pressure decreased while ventricular volume rose concomitantly. Light-induced changes reversed upon resumption of sinus rhythm. Conclusions: We established an in vivo model for optogenetic-based modulation of the excitability of donor cardiomyocytes in a functional, reversible, and localized manner. This approach holds unique value for studying electromechanical coupling and molecular interactions between donor cardiomyocytes and recipient hearts in live animals.
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12
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Yıldız A, Vardı N, Parlakpınar H, Ateş B, Çolakoğlu N. Effects of Low- and High-Dose Valproic Acid and Lamotrigine on the Heart in Female Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:326-340. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Husti Z, Varró A, Baczkó I. Arrhythmogenic Remodeling in the Failing Heart. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113203. [PMID: 34831426 PMCID: PMC8623396 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome with multiple etiologies, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachyarrhythmias and atrial fibrillation, are common in heart failure. A number of cardiac diseases including heart failure alter the expression and regulation of ion channels and transporters leading to arrhythmogenic electrical remodeling. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and scar formation are key elements of arrhythmogenic structural remodeling in heart failure. In this article, the mechanisms responsible for increased arrhythmia susceptibility as well as the underlying changes in ion channel, transporter expression and function as well as alterations in calcium handling in heart failure are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of arrhythmogenic remodeling is key to improving arrhythmia management and the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Husti
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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14
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Lee HL, Chang PC, Wo HT, Liu HT, Wen MS, Chou CC. Beneficial Electrophysiological Effects of Rotigaptide Are Unable to Suppress Therapeutic Hypothermia-Provoked Ventricular Fibrillation in Failing Rabbit Hearts With Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726389. [PMID: 34588996 PMCID: PMC8473906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Whether therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is proarrhythmic in preexisting failing hearts with acute ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is unknown. Additionally, the effectiveness of rotigaptide on improving conduction slowing in hearts with IR injury is ambiguous. We investigated the electrophysiological effects of TH and rotigaptide in failing rabbit hearts with acute IR injury and determined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods and Results: Heart failure was induced by right ventricular pacing (320 beats/min, 4 weeks). Rabbits with pacing-induced heart failure were randomly divided into TH (n = 14) and non-TH (n = 7) groups. The IR rabbit model was created by ligating the coronary artery for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 15 min in vivo. Then, the hearts were excised quickly and Langendorff-perfused for simultaneous voltage and intracellular Ca2+ (Cai) optical mapping. Electrophysiological studies were conducted, and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was evaluated using pacing protocols. TH (33°C) was instituted after baseline studies, and electrophysiological studies were repeated. Rotigaptide (300 nM) was infused for 20 min, and electrophysiological studies were repeated under TH. Cardiac tissues were sampled for Western blotting. TH increased the dispersion and beat-to-beat variability of action potential duration (APD), aggravated conduction slowing, and prolonged Cai decay to facilitate spatially discordant alternans (SDA) and VF induction. Rotigaptide reduced the dispersion and beat-to-beat variability of APD and improved slowed conduction to defer the onset of arrhythmogenic SDA by dynamic pacing and elevate the pacing threshold of VF during TH. However, the effect of rotigaptide on TH-enhanced VF inducibility was statistically insignificant. TH attenuated IR-induced dysregulation of protein expression, but its functional role remained uncertain. Conclusion: Therapeutic hypothermia is proarrhythmic in failing hearts with acute IR injury. Rotigaptide improves TH-induced APD dispersion and beat-to-beat variability and conduction disturbance to defer the onset of arrhythmogenic SDA and elevate the VF threshold by dynamic pacing, but these beneficial electrophysiological effects are unable to suppress TH-enhanced VF inducibility significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Wo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tien Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chuan Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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15
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Zhang DM, Navara R, Yin T, Szymanski J, Goldsztejn U, Kenkel C, Lang A, Mpoy C, Lipovsky CE, Qiao Y, Hicks S, Li G, Moore KMS, Bergom C, Rogers BE, Robinson CG, Cuculich PS, Schwarz JK, Rentschler SL. Cardiac radiotherapy induces electrical conduction reprogramming in the absence of transmural fibrosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5558. [PMID: 34561429 PMCID: PMC8463558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac radiotherapy (RT) may be effective in treating heart failure (HF) patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). The previously proposed mechanism of radiation-induced fibrosis does not explain the rapidity and magnitude with which VT reduction occurs clinically. Here, we demonstrate in hearts from RT patients that radiation does not achieve transmural fibrosis within the timeframe of VT reduction. Electrophysiologic assessment of irradiated murine hearts reveals a persistent supraphysiologic electrical phenotype, mediated by increases in NaV1.5 and Cx43. By sequencing and transgenic approaches, we identify Notch signaling as a mechanistic contributor to NaV1.5 upregulation after RT. Clinically, RT was associated with increased NaV1.5 expression in 1 of 1 explanted heart. On electrocardiogram (ECG), post-RT QRS durations were shortened in 13 of 19 patients and lengthened in 5 patients. Collectively, this study provides evidence for radiation-induced reprogramming of cardiac conduction as a potential treatment strategy for arrhythmia management in VT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Zhang
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachita Navara
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiankai Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Szymanski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Uri Goldsztejn
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Camryn Kenkel
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam Lang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine E Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Qiao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kaitlin M S Moore
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clifford G Robinson
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Phillip S Cuculich
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Hegner P, Lebek S, Tafelmeier M, Camboni D, Schopka S, Schmid C, Maier LS, Arzt M, Wagner S. Sleep-disordered breathing is independently associated with reduced atrial connexin 43 expression. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:2187-2194. [PMID: 34517118 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) exhibit decreased atrial expression of connexin (Cx), which has been causally linked to a proarrhythmogenic substrate. Interestingly, patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are at increased risk of AF, but the mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that patients with SDB have reduced atrial Cx expression independent of important comorbidities. METHODS We analyzed right atrial appendage biopsies from 77 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients were tested for SDB by polygraphy before surgery. Expression of Cx40 and Cx43 messenger RNA was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot (Cx43). Structural atrial remodeling was investigated histologically and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Postoperative AF was assessed by 12-lead electrocardiography. RESULTS Patients were stratified according to apnea-hypopnea index (SDB if apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 per hour, n = 32 vs n = 45). Patients with SDB had significantly lower atrial Cx43 expression, which was negatively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index. No significant increase in atrial fibrosis or expression of hypertrophy and inflammatory markers was observed. Interestingly, SDB remained the strongest independent predictor of decreased atrial Cx43 expression in a multivariate logistic regression model including age, sex, diabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (odds ratio 7.58; 95% confidence interval 1.891-30.375; P = .004). Moreover, reduced atrial Cx43 expression was strongly associated with the occurrence of postoperative AF (odds ratio 15.749; 95% confidence interval 1.072-231.472; P = .044). CONCLUSION Patients with SDB exhibited decreased atrial Cx43 expression, which correlated with the severity of SDB. This correlation was independent of several concomitant diseases and may be linked to an increased risk of AF after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hegner
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Tafelmeier
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Camboni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schopka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Siegfried Maier
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Molecular remodeling of Cx43, but not structural remodeling, promotes arrhythmias in an arrhythmogenic canine model of nonischemic heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:72-81. [PMID: 34048725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both gap junctional remodeling and interstitial fibrosis have been linked to impaired electrical conduction velocity (CV) and fatal ventricular arrhythmias in nonischemic heart failure (HF). However, the arrhythmogenic role of the ventricular gap junctional Cx43 in nonischemic HF remains in debate. Here, we assessed this in a newly developed arrhythmogenic canine model of nonischemic HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Nonischemic HF was induced in canines by combined aortic valve insufficiency and aortic constriction. Left ventricular (LV) myocardium from HF dogs showed similar pathological changes to that of humans. HF dogs had reduced LV function, widened QRS complexes, and spontaneous nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. CV was measured in intact LV epicardium with high-density grid mapping. Total (Cx43-T) and nonphosphorylated Cx43 (Cx43-NP) and histological interstitial fibrosis were assessed from these mapped LV tissues. Longitudinal CV, which was slowed in HF (49 ± 1 vs. 65 ± 2 cm/s in Ctl), was positively correlated with reduced total junctional Cx43 and negatively correlated with markedly increased junctional Cx43-NP (2-fold) in HF. Cx43 dephosphorylation in HF was associated with enhanced colocalization of PP2A at the level of Cx43. Unchanged action potential upstroke and transverse CV were associated with unaltered Cx43 lateralization and interstitial fibrosis in the nonischemic HF canine LV. CONCLUSION Our unique arrhythmogenic canine model of HF resembles human nonischemic HF (prior to the end stage). Cx43 remodeling occurs prior to the structural remodeling (with lack of fibrosis) in HF and it is crucial in slowed CV and ventricular arrhythmia development. Our findings suggest that altered Cx43 alone is arrhythmogenic and modulation of Cx43 has the anti-arrhythmic therapeutic potential for HF patients.
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18
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Connexins in the Heart: Regulation, Function and Involvement in Cardiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094413. [PMID: 33922534 PMCID: PMC8122935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a key role in cardiac physiology. Gap junctional channels put into contact the cytoplasms of connected cardiomyocytes, allowing the existence of electrical coupling. However, in addition to this fundamental role, connexins are also involved in cardiomyocyte death and survival. Thus, chemical coupling through gap junctions plays a key role in the spreading of injury between connected cells. Moreover, in addition to their involvement in cell-to-cell communication, mounting evidence indicates that connexins have additional gap junction-independent functions. Opening of unopposed hemichannels, located at the lateral surface of cardiomyocytes, may compromise cell homeostasis and may be involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, connexins located at non-canonical cell structures, including mitochondria and the nucleus, have been demonstrated to be involved in cardioprotection and in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we will provide, first, an overview on connexin biology, including their synthesis and degradation, their regulation and their interactions. Then, we will conduct an in-depth examination of the role of connexins in cardiac pathophysiology, including new findings regarding their involvement in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac fibrosis, gene transcription or signaling regulation.
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19
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Fu YL, Tao L, Peng FH, Zheng NZ, Lin Q, Cai SY, Wang Q. GJA1-20k attenuates Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by regulating gap junction formation and mitochondrial function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:536-549. [PMID: 32620936 PMCID: PMC8115281 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is characterized by an increase in cardiomyocyte size, and is the most common cause of cardiac-related sudden death. A decrease in gap junction (GJ) coupling and mitochondrial dysfunction are important features of CH, but the mechanisms of decreased coupling and energy impairment are poorly understood. It has been reported that GJA1-20k has a strong tropism for mitochondria and is required for the trafficking of connexin 43 (Cx43) to cell-cell borders. In this study, we investigated the effects of GJA1-20k on Cx43 GJ coupling and mitochondrial function in the pathogenesis of CH. We performed hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining, and observed significant CH in 18-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In cardiomyocytes from SHRs, the levels of Cx43 at the intercalated disc (ID) and the expression of GJA1-20k were significantly reduced, whereas JAK-STAT signaling was activated. Furthermore, the SHR rats displayed suppressed mitochondrial GJA1-20k and mitochondrial biogenesis. Administration of valsartan (10 mg· [Formula: see text] d-1, i.g., for 8 weeks) prevented all of these changes. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), overexpression of GJA1-20k attenuated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and caused elevated levels of GJ coupling at the cell-cell borders. Pretreatment of NRCMs with the Jak2 inhibitor AG490 (10 µM) blocked Ang II-induced reduction in GJA1-20k expression and Cx43 gap junction formation; knockdown of Jak2 in NRCMs significantly lessened Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and normalized GJA1-20k expression and Cx43 gap junction formation. Overexpression of GJA1-20k improved mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration and lowered ROS production in Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results demonstrate the importance of GJA1-20k in regulating gap junction formation and mitochondrial function in Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-le Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fu-Hua Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ning-Ze Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shao-Yi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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20
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Changes in cardiac conduction time following cardiac resynchronization therapy: rationale and design of the RECOVER study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 63:303-309. [PMID: 33774800 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-00979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that ventricular conduction delays play a key role in the cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response of patients with advanced heart failure (HF). However, no study to our knowledge has yet evaluated the serial changes in conduction times measured between different electrodes of CRT devices. METHODS AND RESULTS The Reduction or Extension of Conduction Time with Ventricular Electromechanical Remodeling (RECOVER) study (NCT04397224) was designed to investigate serial changes in interelectrode conduction times and to elucidate their prognostic value. We plan to enroll 100 patients implanted with CRT systems with endocardial quadripolar left ventricular leads. Patients will be scheduled for follow-up every 3 months over a period of 2 years, where they will undergo measurement of interelectrode conduction times to evaluate their serial changes. The primary outcome of the RECOVER study is the correlation between the degree of conduction time changes and the CRT response as defined by echocardiography. The time course and prognostic value of the serial changes in conduction times will be investigated as well. CONCLUSION The RECOVER study is investigating whether serial changes in interelectrode conduction times can be useful parameters in predicting the CRT response or detecting worsening HF at an early stage.
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21
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Sugita J, Fujiu K, Nakayama Y, Matsubara T, Matsuda J, Oshima T, Liu Y, Maru Y, Hasumi E, Kojima T, Seno H, Asano K, Ishijima A, Tomii N, Yamazaki M, Kudo F, Sakuma I, Nagai R, Manabe I, Komuro I. Cardiac macrophages prevent sudden death during heart stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1910. [PMID: 33771995 PMCID: PMC7997915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a primary contributor to sudden cardiac death, a major unmet medical need. Because right ventricular (RV) dysfunction increases the risk for sudden cardiac death, we examined responses to RV stress in mice. Among immune cells accumulated in the RV after pressure overload-induced by pulmonary artery banding, interfering with macrophages caused sudden death from severe arrhythmias. We show that cardiac macrophages crucially maintain cardiac impulse conduction by facilitating myocardial intercellular communication through gap junctions. Amphiregulin (AREG) produced by cardiac macrophages is a key mediator that controls connexin 43 phosphorylation and translocation in cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Areg from macrophages led to disorganization of gap junctions and, in turn, lethal arrhythmias during acute stresses, including RV pressure overload and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. These results suggest that AREG from cardiac resident macrophages is a critical regulator of cardiac impulse conduction and may be a useful therapeutic target for the prevention of sudden death.
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MESH Headings
- Amphiregulin/metabolism
- Amphiregulin/physiology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications
- Cells, Cultured
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Female
- Gap Junctions/physiology
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/physiology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Sugita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Cardiology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Yukiteru Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsubara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oshima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yujin Maru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eriko Hasumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, Department of Bioengineering/Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Asano
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, Department of Bioengineering/Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ishijima
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, Department of Bioengineering/Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomii
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, Department of Bioengineering/Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamazaki
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, Department of Bioengineering/Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, Department of Bioengineering/Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Abstract
Diffuse myocardial fibrosis resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibres through the entire myocardium is encountered in a number of chronic cardiac diseases. This lesion results from alterations in the regulation of fibrillary collagen turnover by fibroblasts, facilitating the excessive deposition of type I and type III collagen fibres within the myocardial interstitium and around intramyocardial vessels. The available evidence suggests that, beyond the extent of fibrous deposits, collagen composition and the physicochemical properties of the fibres are also relevant in the detrimental effects of diffuse myocardial fibrosis on cardiac function and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. In this regard, findings from the past 20 years suggest that various clinicopathological phenotypes of diffuse myocardial fibrosis exist in patients with heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms and detrimental consequences of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in heart failure. Furthermore, we discuss the validity and usefulness of available imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers to assess the clinicopathological variation in this lesion and to track its clinical evolution. Finally, we highlight the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies aimed at personalizing the prevention and reversal of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure.
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Song Y, Wang H, Yue F, Lv Q, Cai B, Dong N, Wang Z, Wang L. Silk-Based Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000735. [PMID: 32939999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death globally. Among various cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction is an important one. Compared with conventional treatments, cardiac tissue engineering provides an alternative to repair and regenerate the injured tissue. Among various types of materials used for tissue engineering applications, silk biomaterials have been increasingly utilized due to their biocompatibility, biological functions, and many favorable physical/chemical properties. Silk biomaterials are often used alone or in combination with other materials in the forms of patches or hydrogels, and serve as promising delivery systems for bioactive compounds in tissue engineering repair scenarios. This review focuses primarily on the promising characteristics of silk biomaterials and their recent advances in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feifei Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiying Lv
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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24
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Ghai P, Mayerhofer T, Jha RK. Exploring the effectiveness of incorporating carbon nanotubes into bioengineered scaffolds to improve cardiomyocyte function. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1347-1366. [PMID: 33103928 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1841634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes are effective in improving scaffolds to enhance cardiomyocyte function and hold great promise in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. AREAS COVERED A PubMed and Google Scholar search was performed to find relevant literature. 18 total studies were used as primary literature. The literature revealed that the incorporation of carbon nanotube into biocompatible scaffolds that mimic myocardial extracellular matrix enhanced the ability to promote cell functions by improving physical profiles of scaffolds. Several studies showed improved scaffold conductance, mechanical strength, improvements in cell properties such as viability, and beating behavior of cells grown on carbon nanotube incorporated scaffolds. Carbon nanotubes present a unique opportunity in the world of tissue engineering through reparation and regeneration of the myocardium, an otherwise irreparable tissue. EXPERT OPINION The high burden of cardiovascular disease has prompted research into cardiac tissue engineering applications. Carbon-nanotube incorporation into extracellular matrix-mimicking-scaffolds has shown to improve cardiomyocyte conductivity, viability, mechanical strength, beating behavior, and have protected them from damage to a certain degree. These are promising findings that have the potential of becoming the focus of future cardiac tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Ghai
- Department of Pharmacology, Saba University School of Medicine , The Bottom, Saba, Netherlands Antilles
| | - Thomas Mayerhofer
- Department of Pharmacology, Saba University School of Medicine , The Bottom, Saba, Netherlands Antilles
| | - Rajesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Saba University School of Medicine , The Bottom, Saba, Netherlands Antilles
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25
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Gap junction protein beta 4 plays an important role in cardiac function in humans, rodents, and zebrafish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240129. [PMID: 33048975 PMCID: PMC7553298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims GJB4 encodes a transmembrane connexin protein (Cx30.3) that is a component of gap junctions. This study investigated whether GJB4 plays an important role in human heart disease and function. Methods and results We examined a patient and her older brother who both presented with complicated severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and whose parents are healthy married cousins. The gene exome analysis showed 340 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that caused amino acid changes for which the patient was homozygous and both parents were heterozygous. After excluding all known common (>10%) SNP gene mutations, the gene for GJB4 was the only identified gene that is possibly associated with cardiac muscle. The resultant E204A substitution exists in the 4th transmembrane domain. GJB4-E204A impaired the binding with gap junction protein A1 (GJA1) compared with GJB4-WT. The expression of GJB4 was induced in rat disease models of left and right ventricle hypertrophy and mouse disease models of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction, while it was not detected at all in control. An immunohistochemical study was performed for autopsied human hearts and the explanted heart of the patient. GJB4 was expressed and colocalized with GJA1 in intercalated discs in human diseased hearts, which was extensively enhanced in the explanted heart of the patient. The abnormal expression and localization of GJB4 were observed in beating spheres of patient’s induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). We generated knockout zebrafish of GJB4 by CRISPR/Cas9 and the endodiastolic volume and the ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower in GJB4-deficient than in wild-type zebrafish at five days post-fertilization. Conclusions These results indicate both that GJB4 is defined as a new connexin in diseased hearts, of which mutation can cause a familial form of HCM, and that GJB4 may be a new target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.
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The Role of Proteostasis in the Regulation of Cardiac Intercellular Communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:279-302. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Epifantseva I, Xiao S, Baum RE, Kléber AG, Hong T, Shaw RM. An Alternatively Translated Connexin 43 Isoform, GJA1-11k, Localizes to the Nucleus and Can Inhibit Cell Cycle Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030473. [PMID: 32244859 PMCID: PMC7175147 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein that assembles at the cell border to form intercellular gap junction (GJ) channels which allow for cell-cell communication by facilitating the rapid transmission of ions and other small molecules between adjacent cells. Non-canonical roles of Cx43, and specifically its C-terminal domain, have been identified in the regulation of Cx43 trafficking, mitochondrial preconditioning, cell proliferation, and tumor formation, yet the mechanisms are still being explored. It was recently identified that up to six truncated isoforms of Cx43 are endogenously produced via alternative translation from internal start codons in addition to full length Cx43, all from the same mRNA produced by the gene GJA1. GJA1-11k, the 11kDa alternatively translated isoform of Cx43, does not have a known role in the formation of gap junction channels, and little is known about its function. Here, we report that over expressed GJA1-11k, unlike the other five truncated isoforms, preferentially localizes to the nucleus in HEK293FT cells and suppresses cell growth by limiting cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. Furthermore, these functions are independent of the channel-forming full-length Cx43 isoform. Understanding the apparently unique role of GJA1-11k and its generation in cell cycle regulation may uncover a new target for affecting cell growth in multiple disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Epifantseva
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Shaohua Xiao
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Rachel E. Baum
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - André G. Kléber
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel & Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - TingTing Hong
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Robin M. Shaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(801)-587-5845
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29
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Fu JL, Yu Q, Li MD, Hu CM, Shi G. Deleterious cardiovascular effect of exosome in digitalis-treated decompensated congestive heart failure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22462. [PMID: 32045083 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a medical condition inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demand of the body to take place. The number of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases is estimated to be more than 1 million each year, of which 80% to 90% of patients ultimately progress to decompensated HF. Digitalis glycosides exert modest inotropic actions when administered to patients with decompensated HF. Although its efficacy in patients with HF and atrial fibrillation is clear, its value in patients with HF and sinus rhythm has often been questioned. A series of recent studies have cast serious doubt on the benefit of digoxin when added to contemporary HF treatment. We are hypothesizing the role and mechanism of exosome and its biological constituents responsible for worsening the disease state and mortality in decompensated HF patients on digitalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meng-Di Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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30
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Attuel G, Gerasimova-Chechkina E, Argoul F, Yahia H, Arneodo A. Multifractal Desynchronization of the Cardiac Excitable Cell Network During Atrial Fibrillation. II. Modeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:480. [PMID: 31105585 PMCID: PMC6492055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a companion paper (I. Multifractal analysis of clinical data), we used a wavelet-based multiscale analysis to reveal and quantify the multifractal intermittent nature of the cardiac impulse energy in the low frequency range ≲ 2Hz during atrial fibrillation (AF). It demarcated two distinct areas within the coronary sinus (CS) with regionally stable multifractal spectra likely corresponding to different anatomical substrates. The electrical activity also showed no sign of the kind of temporal correlations typical of cascading processes across scales, thereby indicating that the multifractal scaling is carried by variations in the large amplitude oscillations of the recorded bipolar electric potential. In the present study, to account for these observations, we explore the role of the kinetics of gap junction channels (GJCs), in dynamically creating a new kind of imbalance between depolarizing and repolarizing currents. We propose a one-dimensional (1D) spatial model of a denervated myocardium, where the coupling of cardiac cells fails to synchronize the network of cardiac cells because of abnormal transjunctional capacitive charging of GJCs. We show that this non-ohmic nonlinear conduction 1D modeling accounts quantitatively well for the "multifractal random noise" dynamics of the electrical activity experimentally recorded in the left atrial posterior wall area. We further demonstrate that the multifractal properties of the numerical impulse energy are robust to changes in the model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Attuel
- Geometry and Statistics in Acquisition Data, Centre de Recherche INRIA, Talence, France
| | | | - Françoise Argoul
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matières d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5798, CNRS, Talence, France
| | - Hussein Yahia
- Geometry and Statistics in Acquisition Data, Centre de Recherche INRIA, Talence, France
| | - Alain Arneodo
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matières d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5798, CNRS, Talence, France
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31
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Rahm AK, Lugenbiel P, Schweizer PA, Katus HA, Thomas D. Role of ion channels in heart failure and channelopathies. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1097-1106. [PMID: 30019205 PMCID: PMC6082303 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complication of multiple cardiac diseases and is characterized by impaired contractile and electric function. Patients with HF are not only limited by reduced contractile function but are also prone to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. HF itself leads to remodeling of ion channels, gap junctions, and intracellular calcium handling abnormalities that in combination with structural remodeling, e.g., fibrosis, produce a substrate for an arrhythmogenic disorders. Not only ventricular life-threatening arrhythmias contribute to increased morbidity and mortality but also atrial arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation (AF), are common in HF patients and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The distinct ion channel remodeling processes in HF and in channelopathies associated with HF will be discussed. Further basic research and clinical studies are needed to identify underlying molecular pathways of HF pathophysiology to provide the basis for improved patient care and individualized therapy based on individualized ion channel composition and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lugenbiel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick A. Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Morotti S, Grandi E. Quantitative systems models illuminate arrhythmia mechanisms in heart failure: Role of the Na + -Ca 2+ -Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-reactive oxygen species feedback. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 11:e1434. [PMID: 30015404 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative systems modeling aims to integrate knowledge in different research areas with models describing biological mechanisms and dynamics to gain a better understanding of complex clinical syndromes. Heart failure (HF) is a chronic complex cardiac disease that results from structural or functional disorders impairing the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. Highly interactive and dynamic changes in mechanical, structural, neurohumoral, metabolic, and electrophysiological properties collectively predispose the failing heart to cardiac arrhythmias, which are responsible for about a half of HF deaths. Multiscale cardiac modeling and simulation integrate structural and functional data from HF experimental models and patients to improve our mechanistic understanding of this complex arrhythmia syndrome. In particular, they allow investigating how disease-induced remodeling alters the coupling of electrophysiology, Ca2+ and Na+ handling, contraction, and energetics that lead to rhythm derangements. The Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which expression and activity are enhanced in HF, emerges as a critical hub that modulates the feedbacks between these various subsystems and promotes arrhythmogenesis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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33
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Basheer WA, Shaw RM. Connexin 43 and CaV1.2 Ion Channel Trafficking in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018; 9:e001357. [PMID: 27266274 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim A Basheer
- From the Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (W.A.B., R.M.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (R.M.S.)
| | - Robin M Shaw
- From the Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (W.A.B., R.M.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (R.M.S.).
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34
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Bruyneel AAN, McKeithan WL, Feyen DAM, Mercola M. Using iPSC Models to Probe Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channel Function. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Visonà SD, Benati D, Monti MC, Galiè M, Andrello L, Frontini A, Osculati A. Diagnosis of sudden cardiac death due to early myocardial ischemia: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2866. [PMID: 29943950 PMCID: PMC6038110 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this post-mortem ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study is to explore the characteristics of acute myocardial ischemia in the context of sudden death, using the combination of two different methods, both more insightful than ordinary histology. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, in addition to the traditional histology, were applied to study human heart specimens collected during forensic autopsies. The whole series was sub-grouped into cases (n=17) and controls (N=10). The control group consisted of unnatural death with a short agonal period (immediately lethal injuries). Heart samples of the two cohorts of subjects were prepared for electron microscopy. On the other hand, each specimen, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunoreacted with the following primary antibodies: anti-Fibronectin, anti- Connexin-43, anti-npCx43 (dephosphorylated form of Connexin43), anti-Zonula occludens-1. Immunopositivity for each marker in the myocardium was semi-quantitatively graded. Electron microscopy revealed a number of interesting differences, statistically significant, between acute myocardial ischemia and controls, regarding the morphology of nucleus, mitochondria and intercellular junctions. By immunohistochemistry, fibronectin was found to be increased in the extracellular matrix of the acute myocardial ischemia cases, with a statistically significant difference compared to the controls. Connexin 43 staining disclosed a slight increase (not statistically significant) in the cytoplasm of acute myocardial ischemia cases compared to the controls, whereas no significant differences were seen between cases and controls at intercellular junctions. npCx43 showed an evident difference of intensity and pattern (even though not statistically significant) in cases compared to controls and overall this difference was more evident in the cytoplasm. Zonula occludens 1, described as an important marker for functional modification of cardiac muscle fibers, resulted negative or very weak in the vast majority of both cases and controls. The present study attempts to simultaneously apply electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, in order to figure out the morphological changes that might lead to pathological processes underlying the sudden, unexpected death due to acute myocardial ischemia, and consequently to find useful diagnostic markers of very early ischemic injury. Both methods showed significant differences between acute myocardial ischemia and controls, regarding, overall nuclei, mitochondria, and intercellular junctions.
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Johnson RD, Camelliti P. Role of Non-Myocyte Gap Junctions and Connexin Hemichannels in Cardiovascular Health and Disease: Novel Therapeutic Targets? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030866. [PMID: 29543751 PMCID: PMC5877727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ composed of multiple cell types, including cardiomyocytes and different non-myocyte populations, all working closely together to determine the hearts properties and maintain normal cardiac function. Connexins are abundantly expressed proteins that form plasma membrane hemichannels and gap junctions between cells. Gap junctions are intracellular channels that allow for communication between cells, and in the heart they play a crucial role in cardiac conduction by coupling adjacent cardiomyocytes. Connexins are expressed in both cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, including cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Non-myocytes are the largest population of cells in the heart, and therefore it is important to consider what roles connexins, hemichannels, and gap junctions play in these cell types. The aim of this review is to provide insight into connexin-based signalling in non-myocytes during health and disease, and highlight how targeting these proteins could lead to the development of novel therapies. We conclude that connexins in non-myocytes contribute to arrhythmias and adverse ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction, and are associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting these connexins represent an exciting new research avenue with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Johnson
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Chang KT, Cheng CF, King PC, Liu SY, Wang GS. CELF1 Mediates Connexin 43 mRNA Degradation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2017; 121:1140-1152. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Downregulation of Cx43 (connexin 43), the major cardiac gap junction protein, is often associated with arrhythmia, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and heart failure. However, the cause of the reduced expression remains elusive. Reinduction of a nuclear RNA-binding protein CELF1 (CUGBP Elav-like family member 1) in the adult heart has been implicated in the cardiac pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophy type 1. However, how elevated CELF1 level leads to cardiac dysfunction, such as conduction defect, DCM, and heart failure, remains unclear.
Objective:
We investigated the mechanism of CELF1-mediated Cx43 mRNA degradation and determined whether elevated CELF1 expression is also a shared feature of the DCM heart.
Methods and Results:
RNA immunoprecipitation revealed the involvement of CELF1-regulated genes, including Cx43, in controlling contractility and conduction. CELF1 mediated Cx43 mRNA degradation by binding the UG-rich element in the 3′ untranslated region of Cx43. Mutation of the nuclear localization signal in CELF1 abolished the ability to downregulate Cx43 mRNA, so nuclear localization was required for its function. We further identified a 3′ to 5′ exoribonuclease, RRP6 (ribosomal RNA processing protein 6), as a CELF1-interacting protein. The interaction of CELF1 and RRP6 was RNA-independent and nucleus specific. With knockdown of endogenous RRP6, CELF1 failed to downregulate Cx43 mRNA, which suggests that RRP6 was required for CELF1-mediated Cx43 mRNA degradation. In addition, increased CELF1 level accompanied upregulated RRP6, and reduced Cx43 level was detected in mouse models with DCM, including myotonic dystrophy type 1 and CELF1 overexpression models and a myocardial infarction model. Importantly, depletion of CELF1 in the infarcted heart preserved Cx43 mRNA level and ameliorated the cardiac phenotypes of the infarcted heart.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest a mechanism for increased CELF1 expression downregulating Cx43 mRNA level and a pathogenic role for elevated CELF1 level in the DCM heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ting Chang
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., G.-S.W.); Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., C.-F.C., P.-C.K., S.-Y.L., G.-S.W.); Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.)
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., G.-S.W.); Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., C.-F.C., P.-C.K., S.-Y.L., G.-S.W.); Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.)
| | - Pei-Chih King
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., G.-S.W.); Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., C.-F.C., P.-C.K., S.-Y.L., G.-S.W.); Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.)
| | - Shin-Yi Liu
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., G.-S.W.); Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., C.-F.C., P.-C.K., S.-Y.L., G.-S.W.); Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.)
| | - Guey-Shin Wang
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., G.-S.W.); Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-T.C., C.-F.C., P.-C.K., S.-Y.L., G.-S.W.); Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (C.-F.C.)
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Lang D, Sato D, Jiang Y, Ginsburg KS, Ripplinger CM, Bers DM. Calcium-Dependent Arrhythmogenic Foci Created by Weakly Coupled Myocytes in the Failing Heart. Circ Res 2017; 121:1379-1391. [PMID: 28970285 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Intercellular uncoupling and Ca2+ (Ca) mishandling can initiate triggered ventricular arrhythmias. Spontaneous Ca release activates inward current which depolarizes membrane potential (Vm) and can trigger action potentials in isolated myocytes. However, cell-cell coupling in intact hearts limits local depolarization and may protect hearts from this arrhythmogenic mechanism. Traditional optical mapping lacks the spatial resolution to assess coupling of individual myocytes. OBJECTIVE We investigate local intercellular coupling in Ca-induced depolarization in intact hearts, using confocal microscopy to measure local Vm and intracellular [Ca] simultaneously. METHODS AND RESULTS We used isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts from control (CTL) and heart failure (HF) mice (HF induced by transaortic constriction). In CTL hearts, 1.4% of myocytes were poorly synchronized with neighboring cells and exhibited asynchronous (AS) Ca transients. These AS myocytes were much more frequent in HF (10.8% of myocytes, P<0.05 versus CTL). Local Ca waves depolarized Vm in HF but not CTL hearts, suggesting weaker gap junction coupling in HF-AS versus CTL-AS myocytes. Cell-cell coupling was assessed by calcein fluorescence recovery after photobleach during intracellular [Ca] recording. All regions in CTL hearts exhibited faster calcein diffusion than in HF, with HF-AS myocyte being slowest. In HF-AS, enhancing gap junction conductance (with rotigaptide) increased coupling and suppressed Vm depolarization during Ca waves. Conversely, in CTL hearts, gap junction inhibition (carbenoxolone) decreased coupling and allowed Ca wave-induced depolarizations. Synchronization of Ca wave initiation and triggered action potentials were observed in HF hearts and computational models. CONCLUSIONS Well-coupled CTL myocytes are effectively voltage-clamped during Ca waves, protecting the heart from triggered arrhythmias. Spontaneous Ca waves are much more common in HF myocytes and these AS myocytes are also poorly coupled, enabling local Ca-induced inward current of sufficient source strength to overcome a weakened current sink to depolarize Vm and trigger action potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis
| | - Daisuke Sato
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Donald M Bers
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis.
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Leybaert L, Lampe PD, Dhein S, Kwak BR, Ferdinandy P, Beyer EC, Laird DW, Naus CC, Green CR, Schulz R. Connexins in Cardiovascular and Neurovascular Health and Disease: Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:396-478. [PMID: 28931622 PMCID: PMC5612248 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are ubiquitous channel forming proteins that assemble as plasma membrane hemichannels and as intercellular gap junction channels that directly connect cells. In the heart, gap junction channels electrically connect myocytes and specialized conductive tissues to coordinate the atrial and ventricular contraction/relaxation cycles and pump function. In blood vessels, these channels facilitate long-distance endothelial cell communication, synchronize smooth muscle cell contraction, and support endothelial-smooth muscle cell communication. In the central nervous system they form cellular syncytia and coordinate neural function. Gap junction channels are normally open and hemichannels are normally closed, but pathologic conditions may restrict gap junction communication and promote hemichannel opening, thereby disturbing a delicate cellular communication balance. Until recently, most connexin-targeting agents exhibited little specificity and several off-target effects. Recent work with peptide-based approaches has demonstrated improved specificity and opened avenues for a more rational approach toward independently modulating the function of gap junctions and hemichannels. We here review the role of connexins and their channels in cardiovascular and neurovascular health and disease, focusing on crucial regulatory aspects and identification of potential targets to modify their function. We conclude that peptide-based investigations have raised several new opportunities for interfering with connexins and their channels that may soon allow preservation of gap junction communication, inhibition of hemichannel opening, and mitigation of inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Eric C Beyer
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Dale W Laird
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Christian C Naus
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Colin R Green
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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Ortega A, Tarazón E, Gil-Cayuela C, García-Manzanares M, Martínez-Dolz L, Lago F, González-Juanatey JR, Cinca J, Jorge E, Portolés M, Roselló-Lletí E, Rivera M. Intercalated disc in failing hearts from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Its role in the depressed left ventricular function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185062. [PMID: 28934278 PMCID: PMC5608295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in myocardial structure and reduced cardiomyocyte adhesions have been previously described in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We studied the transcriptome of cell adhesion molecules in these patients and their relationships with left ventricular (LV) function decay. We also visualized the intercalated disc (ID) structure and organization. The transcriptomic profile of 23 explanted LV samples was analyzed using RNA-sequencing (13 DCM, 10 control [CNT]), focusing on cell adhesion genes. Electron microscopy analysis to visualize ID structural differences and immunohistochemistry experiments of ID proteins was also performed. RT-qPCR and western blot experiments were carried out on ID components. We found 29 differentially expressed genes, most of all, constituents of the ID structure. We found that the expression of GJA3, DSP and CTNNA3 was directly associated with LV ejection fraction (r = 0.741, P = 0.004; r = 0.674, P = 0.011 and r = 0.565, P = 0.044, respectively), LV systolic (P = 0.003, P = 0.003, P = 0.028, respectively) and diastolic dimensions (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, P = 0.025, respectively). Electron microscopy micrographs showed a reduced ID convolution index and immunogold labeling of connexin 46 (GJA gene), desmoplakin (DSP gene) and catenin α-3 (CTNNA3 gene) proteins in DCM patients. Moreover, we observed that protein and mRNA levels analyzed by RT-qPCR of these ID components were diminished in DCM group. In conclusion, we report significant gene and protein expression changes and found that the ID components GJA3, DSP and CTNNA3 were highly related to LV function. Microscopic observations indicated that ID is structurally compromised in these patients. These findings give new data for understanding the ventricular depression that characterizes DCM, opening new therapeutic perspectives for these critically diseased patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortega
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gil-Cayuela
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Manzanares
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cinca
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Service of Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Jorge
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Service of Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Rivera
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Yanamandala M, Zhu W, Garry DJ, Kamp TJ, Hare JM, Jun HW, Yoon YS, Bursac N, Prabhu SD, Dorn GW, Bolli R, Kitsis RN, Zhang J. Overcoming the Roadblocks to Cardiac Cell Therapy Using Tissue Engineering. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:766-775. [PMID: 28774384 PMCID: PMC5553556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantations of various stem cells or their progeny have repeatedly improved cardiac performance in animal models of myocardial injury; however, the benefits observed in clinical trials have been generally less consistent. Some of the recognized challenges are poor engraftment of implanted cells and, in the case of human cardiomyocytes, functional immaturity and lack of electrical integration, leading to limited contribution to the heart's contractile activity and increased arrhythmogenic risks. Advances in tissue and genetic engineering techniques are expected to improve the survival and integration of transplanted cells, and to support structural, functional, and bioenergetic recovery of the recipient hearts. Specifically, application of a prefabricated cardiac tissue patch to prevent dilation and to improve pumping efficiency of the infarcted heart offers a promising strategy for making stem cell therapy a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Yanamandala
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Illuminating Myocyte-Fibroblast Homotypic and Heterotypic Gap Junction Dynamics Using Dynamic Clamp. Biophys J 2017; 111:785-797. [PMID: 27558722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a significant role in the development of electrical and mechanical dysfunction of the heart; however, the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. One widely studied mechanism suggests that fibroblasts produce excess extracellular matrix, resulting in collagenous septa that slow propagation, cause zig-zag conduction paths, and decouple cardiomyocytes, resulting in a substrate for cardiac arrhythmia. An emerging mechanism suggests that fibroblasts promote arrhythmogenesis through direct electrical interactions with cardiomyocytes via gap junction (GJ) channels. In the heart, three major connexin (Cx) isoforms, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45, form GJ channels in cell-type-specific combinations. Because each Cx is characterized by a unique time- and transjunctional voltage-dependent profile, we investigated whether the electrophysiological contributions of fibroblasts would vary with the specific composition of the myocyte-fibroblast (M-F) GJ channel. Due to the challenges of systematically modifying Cxs in vitro, we coupled native cardiomyocytes with in silico fibroblast and GJ channel electrophysiology models using the dynamic-clamp technique. We found that there is a reduction in the early peak of the junctional current during the upstroke of the action potential (AP) due to GJ channel gating. However, effects on the cardiomyocyte AP morphology were similar regardless of the specific type of GJ channel (homotypic Cx43 and Cx45, and heterotypic Cx43/Cx45 and Cx45/Cx43). To illuminate effects at the tissue level, we performed multiscale simulations of M-F coupling. First, we developed a cell-specific model of our dynamic-clamp experiments and investigated changes in the underlying membrane currents during M-F coupling. Second, we performed two-dimensional tissue sheet simulations of cardiac fibrosis and incorporated GJ channels in a cell type-specific manner. We determined that although GJ channel gating reduces junctional current, it does not significantly alter conduction velocity during cardiac fibrosis relative to static GJ coupling. These findings shed more light on the complex electrophysiological interplay between cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes.
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Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal striated muscles are intricately designed machines responsible for muscle contraction. Coordination of the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, and the complex cytoskeletal networks are critical for contractile activity. The sarcomere is comprised of precisely organized individual filament systems that include thin (actin), thick (myosin), titin, and nebulin. Connecting the sarcomere to other organelles (e.g., mitochondria and nucleus) and serving as the scaffold to maintain cellular integrity are the intermediate filaments. The costamere, on the other hand, tethers the sarcomere to the cell membrane. Unique structures like the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle and the myotendinous junction in skeletal muscle help synchronize and transmit force. Intense investigation has been done on many of the proteins that make up these cytoskeletal assemblies. Yet the details of their function and how they interconnect have just started to be elucidated. A vast number of human myopathies are contributed to mutations in muscle proteins; thus understanding their basic function provides a mechanistic understanding of muscle disorders. In this review, we highlight the components of striated muscle with respect to their interactions, signaling pathways, functions, and connections to disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:891-944, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Henderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher G Gomez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie M Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Epifantseva I, Shaw RM. Intracellular trafficking pathways of Cx43 gap junction channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:40-47. [PMID: 28576298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gap Junction (GJ) channels, including the most common Connexin 43 (Cx43), have fundamental roles in excitable tissues by facilitating rapid transmission of action potentials between adjacent cells. For instance, synchronization during each heartbeat is regulated by these ion channels at the cardiomyocyte cell-cell border. Cx43 protein has a short half-life, and rapid synthesis and timely delivery of those proteins to particular subdomains are crucial for the cellular organization of gap junctions and maintenance of intracellular coupling. Impairment in gap junction trafficking contributes to dangerous complications in diseased hearts such as the arrhythmias of sudden cardiac death. Of recent interest are the protein-protein interactions with the Cx43 carboxy-terminus. These interactions have significant impact on the full length Cx43 lifecycle and also contribute to trafficking of Cx43 as well as possibly other functions. We are learning that many of the known non-canonical roles of Cx43 can be attributed to the recently identified six endogenous Cx43 truncated isoforms which are produced by internal translation. In general, alternative translation is a new leading edge for proteome expansion and therapeutic drug development. This review highlights recent mechanisms identified in the trafficking of gap junction channels, involvement of other proteins contributing to the delivery of channels to the cell-cell border, and understanding of possible roles of the newly discovered alternatively translated isoforms in Cx43 biology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Epifantseva
- Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA..
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45
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Calcium dynamics in cardiac excitatory and non-excitatory cells and the role of gap junction. Math Biosci 2017; 289:51-68. [PMID: 28457965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions aid in the generation of action potential in myocytes and are responsible for the excitation-contraction coupling of heart. The heart muscle has specialized patches of cells, called excitatory cells (EC) such as the Sino-atrial node cells capable of auto-generation of action potential and cells which receive signals from the excitatory cells, called non-excitatory cells (NEC) such as cells of the ventricular and auricular walls. In order to understand cardiac calcium homeostasis, it is, therefore, important to study the calcium dynamics taking into account both types of cardiac cells. Here we have developed a model to capture the calcium dynamics in excitatory and non-excitatory cells taking into consideration the gap junction mediated calcium ion transfer from excitatory cell to non-excitatory cell. Our study revealed that the gap junctional coupling between excitatory and non-excitatory cells plays important role in the calcium dynamics. It is observed that any reduction in the functioning of gap junction may result in abnormal calcium oscillations in NEC, even when the calcium dynamics is normal in EC cell. Sensitivity of gap junction is observed to be independent of the pacing rate and hence a careful monitoring is required to maintain normal cardiomyocyte condition. It also highlights that sarcoplasmic reticulum may not be always able to control the amount of cytoplasmic calcium under the condition of calcium overload.
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Resveratrol protects the loss of connexin 43 induced by ethanol exposure in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:651-660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Thomas NM, Gray R, Fry CH, Desplantez T, Peters NS, Severs NJ, Macleod KT, Dupont E. Functional consequences of co-expressing connexin40 or connexin45 with connexin43 on intercellular electrical coupling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:191-196. [PMID: 28034749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The functional characteristics of the co-expression of connexin43, connexin40, and connexin45 proteins in human myocardium are thought to play an important role in governing normal propagation of the cardiac electrical impulse and in generating the myocardial substrate for some arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. A rat liver epithelial cell line, that endogenously expresses connexin43, was used to induce also expression of connexin40 or connexin45 after stable transfection using an inducible ecdysone system. Electrical coupling was estimated from measurement of the input resistance of transfected cells using an intracellular microelectrode to inject current and record changes to membrane potential. However, varied expression of the transfected connexin40 or connexin45 did not change electrical coupling, although connexin43/40 co-expression led to better coupling than connexin43/45 co-expression. Quantification of endogenous connexin43 expression, at both mRNA and protein levels, showed that it was altered in a manner dependent on the transfected connexin isotype. The data using rat liver epithelial cells indicate an increased electrical coupling upon expression of connexin40 and connexin43 but decreased coupling with connexin45 and connexin43 co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Thomas
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Thomas Desplantez
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Severs
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Kenneth T Macleod
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Dupont
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Desplantez T. Cardiac Cx43, Cx40 and Cx45 co-assembling: involvement of connexins epitopes in formation of hemichannels and Gap junction channels. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:3. [PMID: 28124623 PMCID: PMC5267329 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This review comes after the International Gap Junction Conference (IGJC 2015) and describes the current knowledge on the function of the specific motifs of connexins in the regulation of the formation of gap junction channels. Moreover the review is complemented by a summarized description of the distinct contribution of gap junction channels in the electrical coupling. Results Complementary biochemical and functional characterization on cell models and primary cells have improved our understanding on the oligomerization of connexins and the formation and the electrical properties of gap junction channels. Studies mostly focused cardiac connexins Cx43 and Cx40 expressed in myocytes, while Cx45 and Cx30.2 have been less investigated, for which main findings are reviewed to highlight their critical contribution in the formation of gap junction channels for ensuring the orchestrated electrical impulse propagation and coordination of atrial and ventricular contraction and heart function, whereas connexin dysfunction and remodeling are pro-arrhythmic factors. Common and specific motifs of residues identified in different domain of each type of connexin determine the connexin homo- and hetero-oligomerization and the channels formation, which leads to specific electrical properties. Conclusions These motifs and the resulting formation of gap junction channels are keys to ensure the tissue homeostasis and function in each connexin expression pattern in various tissues of multicellular organisms. Altogether, the findings to date have significantly improved our understanding on the function of the different connexin expression patterns in healthy and diseased tissues, and promise further investigations on the contribution in the different types of connexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Desplantez
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Campus X. Arnozan, Avenue Haut Leveque, 33600, Pessac- Bordeaux, France. .,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Connexin 43 and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:227-246. [PMID: 28551790 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the major connexin protein in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Six Cx43 proteins assemble into so-called hemichannels at the sarcolemma and opposing hemichannels form gap junctions, which allow the passage of small molecules and electrical current flow between adjacent cells. Apart from its localization at the plasma membrane, Cx43 is also present in cardiomyocyte mitochondria, where it is important for mitochondrial function in terms of oxygen consumption and potassium fluxes. The expression of gap junctional and mitochondrial Cx43 is altered under several pathophysiological conditions among them are hypertension, hypertrophy, hypercholesterolemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, post-infarction remodeling, and heart failure. The present review will focus on the role of Cx43 in cardiovascular diseases and will highlight the importance of mitochondrial Cx43 in cardioprotection.
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50
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Cardiac stem cell transplantation with 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbehe-2-O-β-d-glucoside improves cardiac function in rat myocardial infarction model. Life Sci 2016; 158:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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