Investigation of the effect of S/In molar ratio on physical properties of sprayed In2S3 thin films

Indium sulfide (In₂S₃) thin films have been synthesized on glass substrates using the spray technique (CSP). The S : In molar ratio was varied from 1 to 4 in the starting solution. The Raman analysis confirms the formation of the β-In₂S₃ material and the absence of a secondary phase. The EDS analysis reveals that our layers are pure. The thin film surface is free of cracks, as observed in AFM images. Optical transmission achieved 80% in the visible and near infrared region. The refractive index (n) is affected by the changes in the S/In molar ratio. The optical parameters, single oscillator energy (E₀), dispersion energy (E_d) and high frequency dielectric constant (ε_∞), are calculated via the Wemple–DiDomenico model. In addition, the photoconductivity kinetics in In₂S₃ films for S/In = 2 were investigated and analyzed. The I–V characteristics and the photoresponse were also studied.

Indium sulfide (In₂S₃) thin films have been synthesized on glass substrates using the spray technique (CSP).

Multiple carrier-transfer pathways in a flower-like In2S3/CdIn2S4/In2O3 ternary heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production

A novel flower-like In2S3/CdIn2S4/In2O3 (ICS) ternary heterostructure (HS) is rationally constructed for the first time by a series of carefully designed procedures. In2O3 nanoflakes are the main constituent units which assemble into a flower-like skeleton structure, and CdIn2S4 nanoparticles are in situ generated on the surface of In2O3 nanoflakes through the transformation of CdS quantum dots (QDs) while In2S3 nanoparticles are in situ produced at the region between CdIn2S4 nanoparticles and In2O3 nanoflakes resulting from a synchronous sulfuration procedure. As expected, the rationally designed ICS ternary HSs display significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 production, especially ICS5 (sulfurized for 5 h) with the highest H2 evolution rate of 20.04 μmol h-1 (10 mg catalyst is used for photocatalytic reaction), which is 26.7 times and 2.6 times higher than that of pure In2O3 (0.75 μmol h-1) and In2S3/In2O3 binary HS (7.88 μmol h-1), respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the multiple interfaces formed in the ICS HSs, including the CdIn2S4-In2O3 interface, the In2S3-In2O3 interface, and the CdIn2S4-In2O3-In2S3 interface, which construct multiple pathways for the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, effectively promoting the photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Screening and characterization for the optimization of CdS-based photocatalysts

The photocatalyst with a precursor composition In_0.2–Cd_0.8S showed the highest photocurrent under light illumination.

Preparation and Characterization of Copper Dendrite Like Structure by Chemical Method

Abstract Copper particles are prepared at room temperature using a simple chemical method. The method used is capable of giving high yields. In this method sodium borohydride is used as a reducing agent and poly vinly pyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping reagent. The prepared copper particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction method and Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show the formation of dendrite like structures. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies also conform the formation of dendrite structures.

Subnanometer Thin β-Indium Sulfide Nanosheets

Nanosheets are a peculiar kind of nanomaterials that are grown two-dimensionally over a micrometer in length and a few nanometers in thickness. Wide varieties of inorganic semiconductor nanosheets are already reported, but controlling the crystal growth and tuning their thickness within few atomic layers have not been yet explored. We investigate here the parameters that determine the thickness and the formation mechanism of subnanometer thin (two atomic layers) cubic indium sulfide (In2S3) nanosheets. Using appropriate reaction condition, the growth kinetics is monitored by controlling the decomposition rate of the single source precursor of In2S3 as a function of nucleation temperature. The variation in the thickness of the nanosheets along the polar [111] direction has been correlated with the rate of evolved H2S gas, which in turn depends on the rate of the precursor decomposition. In addition, it has been observed that the thickness of the In2S3 nanosheets is related to the nucleation temperature.

Transformation of indium nanoparticles to β-indium sulfide: digestive ripening and visible light-induced photocatalytic properties

We report the transformation of polydispersed dodecanethiol stabilized indium nanoparticles, obtained from bulk indium shot by evaporation/condensation solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) technique, into highly monodispersed partially alkyl thiolate-capped β-indiumsulfide (In(2)S(3)) by a postpreparative digestive ripening in high boiling point t-butyltoluene (190 °C) solvent. Upon digestive ripening, the as-prepared polydispersed black indium nanoparticles showed a characteristic color transition from black to cream, pale yellow, yellow, and finally to brown, indicating the transformation of the indium metal nanoparticles into intermediates composed of indium thiolates, sulfides, and polysulfides, and finally into the product In(2)S(3) nanoparticles whose surfaces are partially capped with thiolates. The transformed product (In(2)S(3)) was characterized with UV-vis, XRD, EDX, SEM, XPS, and TEM. From XRD and TEM measurements, the average size of the transformed In(2)S(3) nanoparticles is 5 nm. The optical absorbance of the as-prepared sample showed absorption peaks around 538 and 613 nm; upon digestive ripening these two peaks disappeared and stabilized at 375 nm, providing evidence of strong quantum confinement of excitons. The visible light-induced photocatalytic activity test with the In(2)S(3) nanoparticles showed that 95% of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degraded after 100 min of irradiation with visible light.

Preparation of In2S3 nanopraricle by ultrasonic dispersion and its tribology property

In this paper, we describe a facile and rapid method for preparing In2S3 nanoparticles via ultrasound dispersion. This method allows us to prepare In2S3 nanoparticles from bulk indium and sulfur with ease and without using expensive agents and in a short time. The possible growing mechanism of the In2S3 nanoparticles was presented. In addition, we provide detailed characterizations including TEM, XRD, TG-DTA, and XPS to study the shape, composition and structure of In2S3 nanoparticles. We also studied the tribology property of In2S3 nanoparticles made using this novel recipe.

Micro-structural study of the GeS2-In2S3-KCl glassy system by Raman scattering

Room temperature Raman spectra of samples on three serials within the GeS(2)-In(2)S(3)-KCl glassy system have been investigated systematically. According to XRD patterns and Raman spectra of several pseudo-binary systems, the Cl atoms, which was added into the GeS(2)-In(2)S(3) glasses through KCl, was considered to be leading to the breaking of In-In bonds among the S(3)In-InS(3) ethane-like units and the forming of InS(4-x)Cl(x), InS(6-x)Cl(x) mixed polyhedra. Considering the effect of K(+) ions upon mixed anion units (InS(4-x)Cl(x) and InS(6-x)Cl(x)) and the corresponding micro-structural model, the Raman spectral evolution of the GeS(2)-In(2)S(3)-KCl glasses can be elucidated successfully. The microstructure of the GeS(2)-In(2)S(3)-KCl glasses was considered to be that the potassium atoms, which exist in the form of chlorine atoms as its nearest neighbor, are homogeneously dispersed in the glassy net formed by the micro-structural units such as InS(4), InS(6), InS(4-x)Cl(x), InS(6-x)Cl(x), GeS(4) polyhedra and S(3)In(Ge)-In(Ge)S(3) ethane-like units.